Question 1.

Obesity is a phrase used to describe someone who is very overweight with a high degree of
body fat. Being a little overweight may not cause many noticeable problems, but once you
are carrying a few extra kilograms, you may grow symptoms that affect your daily life. The
most commonly used way to measure a person’s weight is the body mass index (BMI), which
is your weight in kilograms divided by your height in metres squared. If your BMI is:

between 25 and 29, you would be considered overweight

between 30 and 40, you would be considered obese
over 40, you would be considered very obese.

In most people obesity is caused by eating too much and moving too little. If you eat high
amounts of energy from your diet but do not burn off the energy through exercise and
physical activity, the extra energy will be turned into fat. Moreover, obesity does not just
happen overnight. It develops progressively from poor diet and lifestyle choices.

For example, unhealthy food choices could be:

eating processed or fast food high in fat

not eating fruit, vegetables and unrefined carbohydrates

drinking too much alcohol
eating out a lot
eating larger portions than you
comfort eating

Lack of exercise and physical activity is one more important issue connected to obesity.
Numerous people have jobs that engage sitting at a desk most of the day. They also depend
on their cars rather than walking, or cycling. When they relax, people tend to watch TV, surf
the internet or play computer games, and seldom take regular exercise. If you are not active
enough, you do not use the energy provided by the food you eat, and the extra kilojoules are
stored as fat instead. For example, Australian adults are recommended to do at least 30
minutes of moderate-intensity activity (for example, cycling or fast walking) on most days of
the week. This will help you maintain a healthy weight.

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 A few people say there is no use in losing weight because 'it runs in my family' or 'it is in
my genes'. While there are some uncommon genetic conditions that can cause obesity, such
as Prader-Willi syndrome, there is no reason why most people cannot lose weight. It may be
true that certain genetic traits inherited from your parents, such as taking longer to burn up
kilojoules (having a slow metabolism) or having a large appetite, can make losing weight
more difficult. However, it certainly does not make it impossible. Many cases where obesity
runs in families may be due to environmental factors such as poor eating habits learned
during childhood.

Question 2.

Studies have found that kids who have regular family dinners are less likely to use
alcohol, tobacco, or drugs. But it’s not just about the food, say experts: it’s about the
connection. Whether you’re eating dinner, going for a nature walk, or holding a family
karaoke night, spending time together builds healthy families and healthy kids. “If you grew
up in a healthy family that did these things, it makes intuitive sense to you: this is what glues
families together,” says Meg Cox, author of The Book of New Family Traditions: How to
Create Great Rituals for Holidays & Everyday. “It’s about a sense of connection, of being
loved, a sense of identity and security that runs very deep.”What family activities can you do
with your kids to build those essential connections? The sky’s the limit! To get started with
some fun family activities, try these tips from Cox and Lawrence Cohen, PhD, clinical
psychologist and author of Playful Parenting.

As a family, we may do some exercise and Outdoor Play together. Introduce your
child to a sport you love. Whether it’s yoga or ice skating, fishing or biking, almost no child
is too young to be at least a small part of your favourite activity. “If it’s something the parent
loves, the parent’s enthusiasm will make it fun,” says Cohen. Then, you may go for family
walks together. If you think your child will be bored with a simple walk, try Cox’s trick:
storytelling walks. “We’d make up stories together -- for example, after the movie ‘Toy
Story,’ we’d imagine what our sons’ toys would do while we were gone,” she says. “We’d
make up elaborate scenarios about which one would get lost, which ones would help find
him, and so on.” Make up indoor versions of outdoor games. “Thank goodness we never
destroyed anything, but we did do indoor soccer in the front hall,” Cox says.

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Question 3.

Mental or emotional health refers to your overall psychological well-being. It includes the
way you feel about yourself, the quality of your relationships, your ability to manage feelings
and deal with difficulties, and how much meaning and joy you derive from life. Good mental
health isn't just the absence of mental health problems such as depression or anxiety. Rather,
it's the presence of positive characteristics, such as being able to cope with life's challenges,
handle stress, build strong relationships, and recover from setbacks.

Mental and emotional health problems often arise when your nervous system has been
compromised by overwhelming amounts of stress. The body's natural and most efficient
method of coping with stress and rebalancing the nervous system is via face-to-face social
contact with a trusted person. This is why mental and emotional health is so closely linked
with social health: helping yourself involves reaching out to others.

One of the key factors in improving mental and emotional health and building
resilience is having supportive people around that you can talk to on a daily basis. Humans
are social creatures with an overriding emotional need for relationships and positive
connections to others. We're not meant to survive, let alone thrive, in isolation. The mind and
the body are intrinsically linked. When you improve your physical health, you'll
automatically experience greater mental and emotional well-being. Exercise not only
strengthens your heart and lungs, for example, it also releases endorphins, powerful
chemicals that lift your mood and provide added energy.

Many of us spend so much of our daily lives feeling stressed, we're no longer even
aware of it. Being stressed feels normal. But when stress becomes overwhelming, it can
damage your mood, trigger or aggravate mental and physical health problems, and affect your
quality of life. While social interaction and exercise are excellent ways to relieve stress, it's
not always realistic to have a friend close by to lean on when you feel stressed or to be able to
go out for a run. These other stress management strategies can help you bring things back
into balance.

Question 4.

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 Regardless of company size, reducing health insurance costs has become the highest
priority for most companies, as employee health care costs continue to outpace inflation and
earnings growth. Companies are starting to realize the significant impact employee wellness
has on their bottom-line. Successfully getting employees to actively participate in the
wellness program is key. The following suggestions will hopefully inspire you to take work
wellness programs seriously, and help you implement one in your own workplace.

Implementing a comprehensive company wellness programs is a win-win for both the

employers and employees. Clearly, employee attendance and productivity, and employee
health are closely connected. Healthier employees lead to better attendance and increased
productivity, lower company healthcare costs, and ultimately a healthier bottom-line. Many
companies offer incentive programs to motivate employees to engage, set goals, and be
rewarded once they have succeeded in reaching their goals. Using a point based reward
system is a great option. This system doesn't have employees competing with each other.
They are rewarded points that can be used for cash bonuses, free travel, shopping sprees, a
month supply of healthy groceries, and/or gift certificates, for example. Making company
announcements on employee successes also helps encourage and inspire others to participate
in wellness at the workplace. Health care insurance companies are also utilizing incentive
programs. When companies implement wellness programs, insurance companies lower their
premiums.

You can also make a difference by encouraging your co-works bringing healthy sack
lunches and eating together, to go on group walks at lunch, to exchange healthy recipes and
lifestyle improvement strategies, organize an evening at local gym followed by a healthy
meal, and more. Wellness in the workplace definitely matters. Hopefully, these suggestions
will inspire you to take work wellness programs seriously, and help you implement one in
your own workplace.

Question 5.

What is diabetes? Diabetes is a constant disease in which the body cannot normalize the
quantity of sugar in the blood. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas to control blood
sugar. Diabetes can be caused by too little insulin, resistance to insulin, or both (Buse JB,
Polonsky KS, Burant CF). To be aware of diabetes, it is vital to first understand the normal
process by which food is broken down and used by the body for energy. Persons with

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diabetes have high blood sugar since their body cannot move sugar from the blood into
muscle and fat cells to be burned or stored for energy, and because their liver makes too
much glucose and releases it into the blood. This is because either:

i) their pancreas does not make sufficient insulin

ii) their cells do not react to insulin normally or
iii) both of the above

There are two main types of diabetes, that is type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The causes and risk
factors are different for each type. In Type 1 diabetes, it can occur at every age, but it is
largely frequently diagnosed in children, teens, or young adults. In this disease, the body
makes slight or no insulin. This is because the pancreas cells that create insulin stop working.
Daily injections of insulin are necessary. The correct cause is unidentified. Type 2 diabetes is
much more ordinary. It most always occurs in adulthood. If you consume too much sugar for
a period time, you may have type 2 diabetes. It is not true. Diabetes is derived by a problem
in the way your body makes or uses the hormone insulin. Insulin helps move blood sugar
(glucose) into cells, where it is stored to be used for energy. Consuming too much sugar
won't cause diabetes. But it may make you overweight, which can place you at danger for
diabetes. Being overweight makes it harder for your body to accurately use insulin.
Additional fat in the body makes it harder for the body to use insulin properly. This is called

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insulin resistance. Losing excess weight and being active can help prevent or reverse insulin
resistance. If you have any of these conditions, work with your doctor to control your risk
factors for diabetes and heart disease.. People with high blood pressure, who are over age 45,
and those who are overweight and have other risk factors should consider being tested for
diabetes.What are early symptoms of type 2 diabetes? The answer is all of the above. If you
notice any of these symptoms, talk with your doctor. Over time, too much sugar in the blood
can harm your eyes, kidneys, nerves, skin, heart, and blood vessels. Talk with your doctor
about the best ways to keep your blood sugar, blood pressure, and cholesterol level in a
healthy range.

What are treatments for type 2 diabetes? The main treatment for type 2 diabetes is diet
and exercise. If you still have trouble managing your blood sugar level, you may need
medicine or insulin. Work with your health care provider to learn how much fat, protein, and
carbohydrates you need in your diet. If you have type 2 diabetes, you will have to inject
insulin. Diabetes directly affects your heart, plus it makes it hard to control cholesterol. This
can lead to heart disease and other problems. A healthy diet, regular exercise, and eating less
salt can help control diabetes, blood pressure, and cholesterol. This will reduce your risk of
heart disease.Some people with diabetes no longer need medicine if they lose weight and
exercise.The correct answer is true. Some people with type 2 diabetes no longer need
medicine if they lose weight and become more active. When they reach their ideal weight,
their body's own insulin and a healthy diet can control their blood sugar levels.

Conclusion

As to conclude, health and wellness is an vital issue that we must go through in our
life. We must be part of the society generally and family: individually. We should aware that
life will more comfortable if we live in harmony. Not just that, our health also drive us to one
stage which we could live healthier and the society could accept us.

(2152 words)

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References.

http://www.nytimes.com.health/guide/disease/overview.html

http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2013/03/04/company-wellness-program.aspx

http://www.webmd.com/balance/features/good-life-activities-your-family

http://www.healthdirect.gov.au/what-causes-obesity

http://www.helpguide.org/articles/emotional-health/improving-emotional-health.htm

http://www.mamashealth.com/exercise/balance.asp

American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes -- 2014. Diabetes Care
. 2014; Jan;34 Suppl 1:S14-S80.

Buse JB, Polonsky KS, Burant CF. Type 2 diabetes mellitus. In: Kronenberg HM, Melmed S,
Polonsky KS, Larsen PR. Williams Textbook of Endocrinology . 12th ed. Philadelphia, PA:
Saunders Elsevier; 2011:chap 31.

Eisenbarth GS, Buse JB. Type 1 diabetes mellitus. In: Kronenberg HM, Melmed S, Polonsky
KS, Larsen PR. Williams Textbook of Endocrinology . 12th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders
Elsevier; 2011:chap 32.