Feeder protection settings for Mumbai suburban rail network


ASHIDA Electronics Pvt. Ltd.

Plot no. A-308, Road no. 21, Wagle Industrial Estate, Thane (W) 400604.INDIA.
( 0091-22-65771076/77/78, 25827524/25/26
Fax: 0091-22-25804262. E-mail: sales@ashidaelectronics.com
Preliminary Setting Guidelines
For
Protection Relays
For Mumbai Suburban Area
As per
RDSO Specs: TI /SPC/PSI/PROTCT/4050
REV DESCRIPTION DATE CHK. BY APPD. BY

05 Setting Guideline For Feeder Protection relays For Mumbai 07.05.09 FDC SMK
Suburban Area
Document Layout
This document is divided in following parts
Section 1 Brief description of power system and different protection zone

mainly for feeder protection
General guide lines for different settings for forward and
Section 2
reverse feeder protection relays at TSS, SSP & SP
Section 3 General guide lines for Vectorial delta-I relay setting
Section 4 General guide lines for Transformer protection relay

Section 5 General guide lines for LV bus differential protection
Section 6 General guide lines for HV bus differential protection
Section 7 General guide lines for Sync check relay

Section 8 General guide line for reverse power relay
Revision Note
Revision Author Checked Modification

01 by SUYASH FRANCIS Original Draft Copy To RDSO
16/01/2008 21/01/2008
Date
02 by SUYASH FRANCIS As per RDSO comments Dated
13.08.2008
16/01/2009 21/01/2009
Date
03 by SUYASH FRANCIS As per discussion with RDSO
04/03/2009 05/03/2009
Date
22/04/2009 22/04/2009
Date
07/05/2009 07/05/2009
Date
References :
(i) The relay setting guidelines pertaining to numerical relays issued by
Railways time to time vide report no. TI-35 (7/95) & letter no.
TI/PSI/PROTCT/STATIC/07 dated 23.04.2007.
(ii) M/s Alstom network protection & application guide
(iii) Siemens Power Engineering Guide · Transmission and Distribution·
4th Edition.
(iv) British Ra ilway Board ECP 236:1989 Code of practice for protection
standards and methods of calculation for 25 kv ac electrified lines.

AS H I D A E l e c t r o n i c s P v t . L t d . Issue: 05
Setting guideline for Protection Relay as per RDSO spec Ref:-Setting Guideline_R 5.doc
TI/SPC/PSI/PROTCT/4050 For Mumbai Suburban Area Page 2 of 25

1.0 Brief description of power system and different protection zone mainly
for feeder protection
1.1 General schematic diagram for double line of Power supply for Mumbai sub-
urban area
Note: The above diagram is indicative only for two lines, for details refer to the RDSO
specification no. TI/SPC/PSI/PROTCT/4050.
1.1 Brief introduction
The above diagram gives general power line scheme for Mumbai area as per RDSO
spec. TI /SPC/PSI/PROTCT/4050. The main advantages of this protection system
are that there will be only two CB operations concerned to faulty sub-sector for
most of the faults. This diagram show s two line section, but the scheme will be
identical for multi-line section also. Any sub-sector is fe d by two circuit breakers.
The diagram shows one fault location between SSP and SP, and different current
paths. By operating only two CB the faulty line can be isolated without affecting
others healthy line (subsector). Each CB is associated with feeder protection relays
at TSS, SSP & SP. The feeder protection relays having operating direction
towards SP are referred as forward relay. The feeder protection relays
which are having operating direction towards TSS is referred to as reverse
direction Relay. For effectively working of protection scheme and isolating of
faulty sub-sector it is important the proper coordination in operating value and
operating time amongst various relays and also accurate data’s i.e. fault level,
OHE impedance etc.
The above diagram is for single end feeding arrangement however the protection
scheme developed as per RDSO specification shall be suitable for double end
feeding with paralleling of up to 3 sub stations.


TSS SSP SP
FR1 RR1 FR2 RR2

Feeder
Protection
OCR-1 (80%)
Z1 (90%)
Z2 (150%)
Z3 (215%)
Each feeder relay is associated with different protection elements. Each

protection element detects fault up to pa rticular distance. The distance from CB
location for which particular element detect fault is known as Zone of protection.
Above diagram show a single line section with different protection zone of
distance protection relay for which particular protection element look after. In
addition to above there are 2 more stages of OCR for feeder protection apart from
delta I relays.
For Proper co-ordination of different protection zones it is necessary to

have very accurate data of line impedance. The initial setting for fault
validation test will be done on safer side. For same configuration of OHE
the earlier measured value shall be used for setting purpose initially then
fault validation test will be taken by actually connecting discharge rod in
one line of every sub sector. After Trip operation The relay latch
impedance values shall be considered for final setting.


1.1 Basic technical data needed for relay settings.
• Transformer Capacity
• Percentage Impedance of traction
transformer
• Voltage on Primary Side at No Load
• Voltage on Secondary Side at No Load
• Full load Current on Secondary side
• Fault Level at HV side of TSS and at
sending end.
• CT & PT ratio on 25KV and HV Side
• Actual OHE impedance of various configuration i.e. single, double etc.
• Actual distance of each line from between TSS/SSP/SP


2.0 Setting Guide lines for Feeder Relays at TSS , SSP & SP
The section describes general setting guide lines of feeder protection relay.
2.1 Distance Protection Relay settings –

Considering the actual field data, first calculate manually the values for the
resistance and reactance parameters to be
set on the relay. Refer the relay
LINE IMPEDANCE
characteristics (Fig. 1)
Rxm
Calculation Procedure –
LOAD The Fig. 1 shows a typical characteristic of
the “Distance” function of the relay. The
Relay Characteristic Angle – RCA is taken
Z as 70 deg, same as the line impedance
36.9 angle of the OHE and the load angle is
considered as 36.9 deg., corresponding to
θ
x
an average power factor (P.F.) of 0.8
RB
O RF (lagging). The Load Angle may vary between
A B 20 and 50 degrees (first quadrant).
XB 70
Fig 1
2.1.1 The settings for distance protection relays in forward direction at

TSS, SSP and SP are calculated as under:
2.1.1.1 Zone 1 setting
(i) Forward Reactance for Zone 1 (XF1)
Zone 1 of distance protection relay is set to protect the OHE up to 90% of total
distance of protected sub-sector . The 90% is considered to avoid over reach/
false tripping due to CT, PT, Relay & OHE impedance measurement errors.
Calculate the single line OHE impedance of protected sub-sector taking into
account of BT & RC if provided. Say this is Z L.
Calculate the forward reactance setting by formula given below.
XF1 = 90% of Z L * (CT ratio /PT ratio) * Sin(Line Angle) ohms
Where
ZL = single line OHE impedance of protected subsector.
(ii) Forward Resistance (R F1) Setting:

This is computed based on peak load impedance (Z PL) likely to occur on the
system and it is suitably corrected to accommodate load distribution, arc
resistance, and error in CT, PT, and Relay.


27,000 CTR
ZPL = -------------------------------------------------- * ------------- ohm
1.5 * Full load Current of Transformer LV PTR
The number of parallel lines on both side of the TSS can be from 2 to 8 therefore
the total load currents are distributed; hence the ZPL calculated by above
formula shall have to be multiplied by a factor of 2 and further in order to
accommodate arc resistance & tolerances of CT, PT and the relay this value
multiplied by a factor of 0.7.
Z = 2 x ZPL x 0.7 ……………………………………(1)

As seen from parallelogram sketch, Fig. 1
x = AB tan 70°
And also x = Z sin 36.9°
Hence AB tan 70° = Z sin 36.9°
Z sin 36.9°
Therefore AB = ------------------- = 0.2185 Z
tan 70°
Also OB = Z Cos 36.9° = 0.7997 Z
We see that RF = OB – AB = 0.7997 Z – 0.2185 Z
Therefore, RF = 0.5812 * Z ohm
(iii) Reverse Reactance (XB) Setting:

As there are separate reverse power relay provided at TSS to isolate traction
load/ reverse feeding during grid fault or failure of grid supply. Moreover
separate differential relays are also provided for bus bar protection at TSS, SSP
and SP hence XB setting will be kept to a minimum value to avoid unnecessary
tripping.
A setting of 0.04 Ohms is therefore recommended.
(iv) Backward Resistance (RB) Setting:

It is selected to be of the same value as that for the R F.


(v) Relay Characteristic angle (RCA)
This is the same as the impedance angle of OHE.
(i) Zone 2 (XF2) setting

The feeder relay Zone 2 is set to protect error Zone which is not covered in Zone 1
and 50% of next following sub sector or protected subsector whichever is lower. In
other word it is to be set for 150% of the distance of concerned sub sector or sum
of 100 % distance of concerned sub sector and 50% distance of the next
subsector considering single line OHE impedance in both cases whichever is
lower. This method is adopted to avoid the over reach of relay during power block
in some sub-sectors. The actual reach will be reduced with increase of parallel
line more than 2.
XF2 setting of Zone 2 DPR
= Impedance value as explained above * (CT ratio /PT ratio) * Sin (Line Angle)
(ii) Zone 2 Time (T Z2) setting

The operating time of Zone2 shall have to set to consider the relay should not
trip if fault is cleared in Zone 1.
Time delay setting =

Breaker operating time + MTR operating time +20ms as a tolerance
TZ2 = (60+10+20) =90 msec
Therefore the time delay to Zone 2 of DPR shall be set as 90 ms and approximate
fault clearing time shall be = DPR Operating Time + Time delay + MTR operating
time + breaker operating time i.e. 40+90+10+60 = 200 ms.
(iii) RF, RB, XB and RCA setting

These parameters shall have to be set same as calculated for Zone 1.

The setting of zone 3 shall be to fully cover at least concerned sub sector and its
next sub sector. The XF3 shall be calculated for both hair pin feeding (i.e. fault
scenario in protected sub-sector) and normal feeding (fault scenario in adjacent
sub-sector). To avoid under-reaching for both normal feeding & hairpin feeding
faults , the higher of the two calculated impedance shall be used as the Zone 3
reach setting.
(i) Zone 3 (X F3) setting methods

XF3 setting shall be calculated by following two methods.
(a) Normal Feeding :

Calculate the total line impedance as per the formula given below. The example
for 4 line s in parallel is given below.


A
D E
A H
(100%) (100%)
TSS SSP SP
Z3 = (Z+H) X ((A+R)/R) X 1.15
H = Impedance of longest section

A = Impedance of protected section
R = Impedance of section B,C & D in parallel
Z = Impedance of sections A,B,C & D in parallel
XF3 = Z3 * (CTR /PTR) * Sin (line angle) ohm
Where Z3 = line impedance calculated by above formula
(b) Hairpin Feeding) :
Relay A
SS1 A- Protected section impedance
FS Z <
D- Longest Hairpin Fed section
A
Hairpin
Feeding
C
100% D Fault scenario for Zone 3 minimum

reach (Hairpin Feeding)
CB D CB failed
Open to close
Fault
The equation for the calculation of Zone 3 setting for hairpin feeding is as under:
Z3 = (Z+D) X ((A+R)/R) X 1.15
D = Impedance of longest hairpin fed section

A = Impedance of protected section
R = Impedance of section B, C & D in parallel
Z = Impedance of sections A,B,C & D in parallel


XF3 = Z3 * (CTR /PTR) * Sin (line angle) ohm
Where Z3 = Total line impedance calculated for hairpin feeding
(ii) Zone 3 Time (T Z3) setting :

Zone 3 of the feeder protection relay will act as a back-up protection of adjacent
subsector. The zone shall act only if the relays of faulty sub sector fail to clear
the fault. The delay time setting shall be more than the operating time of Zone 2
DPR.
Therefore the time delay setting of zone 3 =

Relay operating time in Zone 2 + Breaker operating time + MTR operating time
+20 ms as a tolerance)
Relay Operating Time in Zone 2 = 40 +90msec = 130msec, hence time delay
setting =(130+60+10+20) =220 ms
Approximate fault clearing time shall be = DPR Operating Time + Time delay +
MTR operating time + breaker operating time i.e. 40+220+10+60 = 330 ms.
(iii) RF, RB, XB and RCA setting

These parameters shall have to set as the same as calculated for Zone 1.
2.1.2 The settings for distance relays in reverse direction at TSS, SSP
and SP
Same procedure as explained above for forward direction relay shall also be
applicable for the setting of distance protection relays in reverse direction at TSS,
SSP and SP. Only the reference of adjacent subsector would be changed in
setting calculation.
2.1.3 Wrong Phase Coupling Protection for TSS:
Z Lower setting
Calculate the line impedance from the traction substation to the SP (to consider
normal feed condition) taking in to account the configuration of OHE, i.e.,
Single/Double/ Triple line section and with or without BT & RC. A factor of 0.85
is to be multiplied to the total impedance, to take into account the errors due to
PT, CT and the Relay. Say this is Z L.
Calculate impedance reflected at secondary side by considering CT and PT ratio.
Z lower relay side = ZL * (CTR /PTR)
The WPC low impedance setting should be less than ZL secondary value
Z higher setting
Calculate the single line impedance from the traction substation to the next TSS
(to consider extended feed condition) without taking into account the
configuration of OHE, i.e., Single/Double/Triple line section. A factor of 1.15 is
to be multiplied to the total impedance, to take into account the errors due to
PT, CT and the Relay. Say this is Z H.
Calculate impedance reflected at secondary side by considering CT and PT ratio.


Z higher relay side = ZH * (CTR /PTR).
The WPC higher impedance setting should be greater than ZHsec value.
The setting of the angle of WPC is in between 90° to 180°.
For Angle A1:

Select A1 = 90%
For Angle A2:

Select Angle A2 = 150 to avoid tripping on regenerative current.
The relay will operate only between A1 and A2
WPC should be kept in disable mode for SSP & SP.
2.1.4 PT Fuse Detection:

Voltage Setting:
The voltage setting should be such that it will not operate on induce d voltage
Set PTFFV = 10V
Time Setting:
The setting should be such that it will not operate during fault as voltage will be
below 10V during fault. This should be more than Zone 3 operating time
Set PTFFT = 500 ms
2.1.5 Directional definite time Over Current protection for forward

direction at TSS, SSP and SP (for double end feeding)
(i) Stage 1 OCR setting- Instantaneous

This element provides primary protection to OHE on earth faults in the vicinity
of the feeding post. The set current of relay is 120 % of fault current for adjacent
switching post (SSP/SP) bus bar. To calculate the fault current single line OHE
impedance to be considered to avoid the overreaching.
Calculate the Bus fault current at adjacent switching post by formula given
below
27000
Bus Fault current (I) = -----------------------------
(Transformer Z + source Z+ ZL )
Where ZL = Single line Impedance from source/TSS to the end of the protected
sub sector.
Current setting in Amp = I * 1.2 / CT ratio
OCR setting in %
= Bus fault current*1.2*100/CT Primary current


OCR1 should be set in directional mode .
(ii) Stage 2 OCR setting
Calculate the equivalent impedance at adjacent switching post taking into

account the source, transformer and OHE impedance ( as per configuration)
considering the number of lines operated in parallel say this is Z 02.
Calculate bus faul t current in amp by following formula.
27000
Bus Fault current (Ia) = ------------------------------
Transformer Z + Source Z+ Zo2
Zo2 = Equivalent Impedance from source/TSS to the end of the protected

sub sector.
Fault current passing through each line (Ia) =
Bus Fault Current / number of line
Fault current on relay side in Amp = Fault current in each line/CT ratio
Current setting in % = current on relay side *100 / CT secondary
Considering the CT and relay errors the OCR2 setting should be nearly 90% of
this fault current.
OCR setting in % = Ia*0.9 *100 / CT primary current
OCR2 should be set in directional mode.
OCR2 setting shall not be less than OCR3 setting. If this value comes less than
OCR 3 setting then it may be set at equal or 10 % higher to OCR 3 setting.
(iii) Time setting for Stage 2

OCR 2 act as a backup to distance protection relay hence the time setting
should be more than the operating time of Zone 3 distance protection relay.
Time setting = DPR Zone 3 operating time+ MTR Time + CB time + 20 ms

DPR Zone 3 operating time is 40 +220msec = 260msec
= (260+ 10+ 60 + 20)
= 350 msec
(iv) Stage 3 OCR setting
This element is used to protect the OHE against overloading. The Stage 3 of OCR
is to be set to OHE continuous current capacity.
(v) Time setting for stage 3 OCR


The operating time of stage 3 OCR should be set at 120 sec.
2.1.6 Directional definite Over Current protection for reverse direction (Double
end feeding)
Same procedure as explained above for forward direction OCR shall be used for
reverse direction OCR, only the reference of TSS shall be changed.
2.1.7 Directional definite time Over Current protection for forward

direction at TSS, SSP and SP (for single end feeding)
Same procedure as explained for double end feeding at clause 2.1.5 above for
forward direction OCR shall be used for single end feeding forward direction stage
1, stage 2 & stage 3 OCR.
2.1.8 Directional definite Over Current protection for reverse direction (single end
feeding)
(i) Stage 1 OCR setting- Instantaneous
This element provides primary protection to OHE on earth faults in the vicinity of
the feeding circuit breaker. The set current of relay is 120 % of fault current for
adjacent switching post bus bar in toward to feeding source (TSS). To calculate
the fault current equivalent OHE impedance shall be calculated considering the
configuration of OHE.
Calculate the Bus fault current at adjacent switching post by formula given
below
27000
Bus Fault current (I) = -----------------------------
(Transformer Z + source Z+ Z L )
Where ZL = Equivalent Impedance from source/TSS to the end of the protected

sub sector in reverse direction (towards TSS).
Current setting in Amp = I * 1.2 / CT ratio
OCR setting in %
= Bus fault current*1.2*100/CT Primary current
(ii) Stage 2 OCR setting
Calculate the single line OHE impedance at adjacent switching post in reverse
direction (towards TSS) taking into account the source, transformer and
equivalent OHE impedance say this is Z 02.
Calculate bus fault current in amp by following formula.
27000
Bus Fault current (Ia) = ------------------------------
Transformer Z + Source Z+ Zo2
Zo2 = single line impedance from source/TSS to the end of the protected


sub sector in reverse direction (towards TSS).
Fault current on relay side in Amp = Fault current /CT ratio
Current setting in % = current on relay side *100 / CT secondary
Considering the CT and relay errors the OCR2 setting should be nearly 90% of
this fault current.
OCR setting in % = Ia*0.9 *100 / CT primary current
OCR2 setting shall not be less than OCR3 setting. If this value comes less than
OCR 3 setting then it may be set at equal or 10 % higher to OCR 3 setting.
(iii) Time setting for Stage 2

OCR 2 act as a backup to distance protection relay hence the time setting
should be more than the operating time of Zone 3 distance protection relay.
Time setting = DPR Zone 3 operating time+ MTR Time + CB time + 20 ms

DPR Zone 3 operating time is 40 +220msec = 260msec
= (260+ 10+ 60 + 20)
= 350 msec
(iv) Stage 3 OCR setting
This element is used to protect the OHE against overloading. The Stage 3 of OCR
is to be set to OHE continuous current capacity.
(v) Time setting for stage 3 OCR

The operating time of stage 3 OCR should be set at 120 sec.
2.1.9 Auto Recloser for forward direction

Auto recloser type should be set as 1 for relay looking forward direction up to SP
(i) Auto Recloser Dead Time (Dt1F)

This is a time for which CB will remain open during transient fault. Normally
this setting is kept at 0.5 sec as per railway standard practice .
(ii) Auto Recloser Reclaim Time (Rt)

This is a time for which relay will wait for next fault. If another fault occurs
during this time, then relay will declare as Lockout. Normally this setting shall
be kept at 30.0 sec for TSS and all forward direction SP/SSP relay.
2.1.10 Auto Recloser Type for reverse direction

Auto recloser type should be set as 2 as relay looking in reverse direction
(i) Auto Recloser Reverse Dead Time (Dt1R)

This is the time for which CB will remain open during transient fault, when Auto


Recloser selected for Reverse Directional Protection (Type 2) . During this timing
relay monitors OHE healthiness by monitoring PT voltage. If PT voltage remains
normal then after Reverse dead time relay provides reclose command. This
setting is use for only SSP/SP Reverse direction Relay.
It should set at 10 sec.
(ii) Auto Recloser Reclaim Time (Rt)

This is a time for which relay will wait for next fault. If another fault occurs
during this time, then relay will declare as Lockout. Normally this setting is
kept at 30.0 sec for TSS and all forward direction SP/SSP relay.
(iii) Number of Shots for both forward and reverse direction

This is number for which auto-recloser will try to close the CB, and if CB fails to
hold after this then relay will declare as lockout. The number of shot shall be
kept at 1.
(iv) Auto re-closure bypass on high set current

During fault if current is become more than this set value then relay will block
close command. This current should be equal to fault current which is very
near to CB at TSS.
It can be calculated by following formula.
27000
Iarr = ------------------------------
Transformer Z + Source Z
Auto reclosure bypass on high set current shall be set 10% lower of above
calculated value.
2.1.11 Switch On to Fault Setting

When the CB is closed the relay start internal timer of 500ms. During this time
relay Z1 extension setting & SOTF I setting become active If current value is
become more than this setting or impedance value is become less than Zone 1
extension setting then relay provide immediate trip command.
(i) SOTF Current Setting

This setting should be equal to 50% value of OCR stage 1 setting.
(ii) Zone 1 Extension setting.

This setting should be equal to Zone2 setting.
2.1.12 Breaker Fail Delay (BF Delay)

This is a delay time for which if fault persist then relay will operate another
contacts marked as BF, which can be used to operate back up breaker i.e. LV
breaker in TSS and all CBs connected to the same bus in SP/SSP. The delay
setting should be more than operating time of CB +MTR + Tolerance.
Breaker fail delay setting (BF) = (CB + MTR + 100 ms Tolerance)


3.0 Setting Guideline for Over Current Relay at SP
The relay shall not be of any use if permanent paralleling/bridging is adopted at
SP by either shorting the OHE’s on both side of the SP.
If IOL’s or light weight section insulators are provided and bridging is done
through bridging CB then both sides of SP shall be different subsectors and
isolation of faults shall result accordingly. In that case this relay may be of use.
As WR is adopting permanent paralleling of three TSS and 2 SP’s are planned to
be permanently bridged through OHE hence this relay shall remain isolated.
4.0 Setting Guideline for Under Voltage Relay at SP

The Under Voltage relay is required at SP , when feed is extended in emergency
condition and voltage is drops below setting. This setting shall be 18kV.
Accordingly relay setting 73 Volts from PT secondary side.
5.0 Setting Guideline for Vectorial ∆ I Relay at TSS
5.1 X[Blinder]setting:
Calculate the single OHE impedance from TSS to TSS SP. Say this is ZT
ZT = single line impedance from TSS to next TSS SP
Reactance value on relay side(X) = ZT *(CTR/PTR)* sin (Impedance angle) ?
To accommodate the CT, PT, Relay & OHE impedance measurement errors, a
factor of 1.2 multiplied in above value.
X = Z T * 1.2 (CTR/PTR) * sin (Impedance angle)
5.1 dI [Delta current] setting :
The difference between the normal current & Fault current is called Delta Current (
dI ). The setting can be calculated as, dI=N * maximum EMU/Loco surge current
where N = Maximum numbers of EMU/Loco likely to start at same time in the
feeding zone.
Current setting in Amp = number of EMU/loco start at a time * loco current / CT

ratio
5.1 ATD [Additional time delay] setting :

Delta I relay provides the backup protection for DPR relay. After the fault
occurrence the relay waits & watch the contacts of Breaker for duration ATD time
if during this time the Breaker doesn’t operate (Trip) & fault persists then delta
relay gives the trip command. The range for ATD setting is from 0.000 to 0.500
Sec in steps of 0.01Sec. The set value can be equal to,


ATD = OCR operating time in stage 2 + MTR operating time + CB Operating time.
= 350 + 10msec + 60msec = 420ms.
The ATD can be set for the value = 420 ms.
5.1 dt ( Delta time ) setting:

The Delta I relay monitors the current samples continuously , dt defines time
duration between the these two samples which range from 00.04 to 0.100 sec in
steps of 0.02 sec. The recommend setting for dt = 60 ms.
5.1 DS [ De-sensitivity ] setting:

If the 3rd Harmonics contents increases by factor 15% then the sensitivity
decreases by this DS factors. The setting range for DS [ De-sensitivity ] is from
00.00 to 1.00 in steps of 0.10 The recommended setting for DS = 100%.
6.0 TRANSFORMER PROTECTION
6.1 HV SIDE PROTECTION
6.1.1 Instantaneous over current relay
The instantaneous element may be set to correspond to a current of 1.25 times the
fault current on the LV bus. The factor 1.25 is proposed to avoid this relay
operation for LV bus fault.
Fault current on the 25kV side for 25kV Bus to Earth Fault at the feeding post.
Transmission Line Impedance ZTR = V LV x VLV (kV 2)/ Fault level in

MVA
Loop impedance ZLTR = 2 x ZTR ?
Transformer Impedance ZTX = (Z%/100 )x (V LV x VLV / TX MVA)
Total Source Impedance as Zs = ZTX + ZLTR ?

seen from 25KV Bus
Fault Current for 25KV Bus IFLV = VLV / ZS
Fault Current on 110KV Side IFHV = IFLV x VLV / V HV
Instantaneous element has to = 1.25 x IFHV / CTR HV Amp

be set 1.25 times the fault


current
% setting = 1.25 x IFHV / CT Primary current
6.1.2 Over Load protection (definite time OCR)
The traction transformers is designed to carry short time overloads as given

below:
Duration % Over Load

Continuous 100%
15 Min 150%
5 Min 200%
The relay setting is divided in to 2 main groups 1st 3 stage Over load setting
OL1, OL2, and OL3 and 2nd IDMT fault setting. Following table shows the
current and time setting for each stage
Stage Current Setting Operating Time
OL1 120% of Full Load 6 Minutes
The Rated HV side current of transformer as seen by relay IHV

= Transformer rated current/CT ratio
Stage 1 Overload setting (120% of Rated load OL 1) = 1.2 x IHV Amp
% Setting = OL1/CT Secondary
Stage 1 time setting (6min) T1 = 360 sec


Stage 2 time setting (3 min) T2 = 180 sec
6.1.3 IDMT over current relay HV side
The function of this protection element is to act as a backup protection to the

LVCB relays. The reach of this relay should be as much as possible, however to
utilize the over load capacity of traction transformer the current setting of the relay
should be selected to correspond to 200% of the rated current of the traction power
transformer. The setting on the relay side may be calculated by formula given
below:-
2 x I pri
Relay setting = ----------------- A
CT ratio
Relay setting in Amp

Setting in % = ----------------------------- x 100 %
CT secondary
The TMS of this relay may be selected such that the relay operating time
obtained is 800 ms to 900 ms for a fault occurring on LV bus.
6.1.3.1 TMS calculation
Calculate the fault current at LV bus considering the source impedance and
single transformer impedance
No load bus voltage (= 27 kV)
Fault current at LV bus = ------------------------------------------------ A
Source impedance + transformer impedance (ohm)
kV 2 pri
HV side source impedance = -------------------------------------------------- ?
Fault level at primary bus at TSS in MVA
Reflected impedance on LV bus kV 2 sec

= HV side Source impedance x -------------- ?
kV 2 pri
kV 2 sec x % impedance of transformer

Impedance of transformer at 27 kV bus = ------------------------------------- ?
transformer MVA x 100


Fault current at LV bus x ( kVsec / kV pri)
Plug setting multiplier = ---------------------------------------------------
2 x Ipri
From IDMT curve (3 sec at 10 time of setting), choose the suitable TMS for getting
the relay operating time 800 to 900 ms at calculated plug setting multiplier.
6.1.4 Restricted EF setting

The current setting of the relay should correspond to 10 % of the rated current
of traction power transformer
REF setting in Amp (Iref)
= (Transformer rated current on HV side x 10/100)/ CT ratio
% setting = (Iref / CT secondary) * 100
6.2 LV side protection

6.2.1 Over Load protection (definite time OCR)
The relay setting is divided in to 2 main groups 1st 3 stage Over load setting OL1,
OL2, and OL3 and 2nd IDMT fault setting. Following table shows the current and
time setting for each stage
Stage Current Setting Operating Time
The Rated LV side current of transformer as seen by relay ILV

= Transformer LV side rated current/CT ratio
Stage 1 Overload setting (110% of Rated load OL 1) = 1.1 x ILV Amp





Stage 1 time setting (5min) T1 = 300 sec
6.2.2 IDMT over current relay LV side
The function of this protection element is to act as a backup protection to the

feeder relays. The reach of this relay should be as much as possible, however to
utilize the over load capacity of traction transformer the current setting of the
relay should be selected to correspond to 190% of the rated current of the traction
power transformer. The setting on the relay side may be calculated by formula
given below :-
1.9x I sec
Relay setting = ----------------- A
CT ratio
Relay setting in Amp

Setting in % = ----------------------------- x 100 %
CT secondary
The TMS of this relay may be selected such that the relay operating time obtained
is 400 ms to 500 ms for a fault occurring on LV bus.
6.2.2.1 TMS calculation


Calculate the fault current at LV bus considering the source impedance and
single transformer impedance
No load bus voltage (= 27 kV)
Fault current at LV bus = --------------------------------------------------------- A
Source impedance + transformer impedance (ohm)
kV 2 pri
HV side source impedance = -------------------------------------------------- ?
Fault level at primary bus at TSS in MVA
Reflected impedance on LV bus

kV 2 sec
= HV side Source impedance x -------------- ?
kV 2 pri
kV 2 sec x % impedance transformer

Impedance of transformer at 27 kV base = -------------------------------------------- ?
transformer MVA x 100
Fault current at LV bus

Plug setting multiplier = ---------------------------------------------------
1.9 x Isec
From IDMT curve (3 sec at 10 time of setting), choose the suitable TMS for getting the relay
operating time 400 to 500 ms at calculated plug setting multiplier.
6.2.3 Restricted EF setting
The current setting of the relay should correspond to 10 % of the rated current of traction power
transformer
REF setting in Amp (Iref) = (Transformer rated secondary current x 10/100)/ CT ratio
% setting = (Iref / CT secondary) * 100
6.3 Differential Protection Relay

(i) ICT ratio calculation
Full load Current in amp on HV Side IHV
= Transformer rating in MVA*1000 / HV voltage in KV
Current on HV Bushing CT Secondary IHVCT



= IHV / HV bushing CT ratio
This current must be normalized to 5A using ICT. Thus ICT ratio for HV side
IHM = 5 / IHVCT
Full load Current in amp on LV Side ILV
= Transformer rating in MVA*1000 / LV voltage in KV
Current on LV Bushing CT Secondary ILVCT
= ILV / LV bushing CTR ratio
This current must be normalized to 5A using ICT. Thus ICT ratio for LV side
ILM = 5 / ILVCT
(ii) Bias setting

Calculate the HV side current in Amp at Lowest tap IHVLT
= Rated transformer capacity in MVA * 1000

Rated HV voltage (1– lowest tap %)
Relay side current at this TAP IRELAY
= IHVLT x IHM /HV Bushing CTR
Spill Over Current on this TAP ITP
= IRELAY-5
Percentage Differential Current Id

= ITP *100/(IRELAY+5)/2
To accommodate the CT and relay errors the bias Setting
= (Id+Id*10/100)
Pickup current setting of differential relay shall be set at 40% of transformer rated current.


7.0 25 kV SIDE BUS BAR POTECTION FOR TSS,SSP & SP
Maximum Through fault current when fault is just outside of bus IFLV
= V LV / ZS
Where Z S = source + transformer impedance
Maximum Through fault current at CT secondary I FVL
= IFLV / CT ratio Amp
Spill current (Considering max = 5% of through fault current

CT ration error of 5%)
Relay Pick-up current in %
= 0.05 * through fault current on relay side/ CT secondary
8.0 HV side Bus-Bar Relay ADR213D
Fault Current on 110KV Side IFHV = IFLV x VLV / VHV
Secondary (relay) side current = IFHV / CT Ratio Amp
Maximum Allow Spill current = 5% of through fault current

(Considering max CT ratio
error of 5 %)
Relay Pick-up current in %

= 0.5 * through fault current on relay side/ CT secondary
Initially bias setting shall be set at minimum value.
9.0 Check-Sync Relay for TSS and SP
This relay used to prevent the closing of CB during paralleling of traction sub-
station if at the instance of paralleling if phase angle and voltage difference are
more than set value. The following settings are proposed for this relay.
Relay Setting
1. Delta A 2 deg
2. Delta V 3V
3. L-Bus -A 80V


4. L-Bus-B 80V
5. D-Bus-A 10V
6. D-Bus-B 10V
7. TT 10 sec
10.0 Reverse power relay

In normal condition Two of three TSS will be in parallel. There are mainly three
condition when there will be possibility of reverse current flow.
1 When there is fault in one of incoming 110kV line then fault will be feed from
adjoining TSS. The fault current feed by healthy TSS is
27000
IH = --------------------------------------------
(Transformer Z * 2)+ Source Z + Z T-T
ZT-T is line impedance between two TSS considering OHE configuration and
nos of line in parallel.
% IHSEC = IH * 100/ CT Primary
The relay should operate on this condition
2 Due to difference in system voltage between two TSS, There will be some
circulating current flow.
Delta V
Icur = ------------------------------------------------------
(Transformer Z * 2) + Source Z + Z T-T
% Icursec = IH * 100/ CT Primary
Relay should not operate to this current
3 There will be some regenerative current from locomotive.
The relay should not operate to this current
The relay should be set more than calculated value 2 & 3 above whichever
is higher and lower than calculated value at 1. If 2 and 3 are not available
set the relay at 50% of value obtained at 1.
The relay time shall be set above 50 ms to the fault clearing time of relays
provided by supply authorities.
• For other parameter setting of relay please refer the detail setting calculation
made in Microsoft Excel format attached herewith.
• This setting guide line is preliminary and it may be modified based on the
field performance and protection scheme validation test.


Feeder protection settings for Mumbai suburban rail network

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Feeder protection settings for Mumbai suburban rail network

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ASHIDA Electronics Pvt. Ltd.

Preliminary Setting Guidelines

For Mumbai Suburban Area

RDSO Specs: TI /SPC/PSI/PROTCT/4050

REV DESCRIPTION DATE CHK. BY APPD. BY

This document is divided in following parts

Section 1 Brief description of power system and different protection zone

Section 4 General guide lines for Transformer protection relay

Section 6 General guide lines for HV bus differential protection

Section 7 General guide lines for Sync check relay

Revision Author Checked Modification

TI/SPC/PSI/PROTCT/4050 For Mumbai Suburban Area Page 2 of 25

1.1 Brief introduction

TI/SPC/PSI/PROTCT/4050 For Mumbai Suburban Area Page 3 of 25

FR1 RR1 FR2 RR2

Each feeder relay is associated with different protection elements. Each

For Proper co-ordination of different protection zones it is necessary to

TI/SPC/PSI/PROTCT/4050 For Mumbai Suburban Area Page 4 of 25

TI/SPC/PSI/PROTCT/4050 For Mumbai Suburban Area Page 5 of 25

2.1 Distance Protection Relay settings –

2.1.1 The settings for distance protection relays in forward direction at

2.1.1.1 Zone 1 setting

(i) Forward Reactance for Zone 1 (XF1)

Calculate the forward reactance setting by formula given below.

XF1 = 90% of Z L * (CT ratio /PT ratio) * Sin(Line Angle) ohms

(ii) Forward Resistance (R F1) Setting:

TI/SPC/PSI/PROTCT/4050 For Mumbai Suburban Area Page 6 of 25

Z = 2 x ZPL x 0.7 ……………………………………(1)

And also x = Z sin 36.9°

Hence AB tan 70° = Z sin 36.9°

Also OB = Z Cos 36.9° = 0.7997 Z

We see that RF = OB – AB = 0.7997 Z – 0.2185 Z

Therefore, RF = 0.5812 * Z ohm

(iii) Reverse Reactance (XB) Setting:

A setting of 0.04 Ohms is therefore recommended.

(iv) Backward Resistance (RB) Setting:

TI/SPC/PSI/PROTCT/4050 For Mumbai Suburban Area Page 7 of 25

2.1.1.2 Zone 2 setting

(i) Zone 2 (XF2) setting

XF2 setting of Zone 2 DPR

(ii) Zone 2 Time (T Z2) setting

Time delay setting =

TZ2 = (60+10+20) =90 msec

(iii) RF, RB, XB and RCA setting

2.1.1.3 Zone 3 setting

(i) Zone 3 (X F3) setting methods

(a) Normal Feeding :

TI/SPC/PSI/PROTCT/4050 For Mumbai Suburban Area Page 8 of 25

Z3 = (Z+H) X ((A+R)/R) X 1.15

H = Impedance of longest section

XF3 = Z3 * (CTR /PTR) * Sin (line angle) ohm

Where Z3 = line impedance calculated by above formula

(b) Hairpin Feeding) :

100% D Fault scenario for Zone 3 minimum

Z3 = (Z+D) X ((A+R)/R) X 1.15

D = Impedance of longest hairpin fed section

TI/SPC/PSI/PROTCT/4050 For Mumbai Suburban Area Page 9 of 25

Where Z3 = Total line impedance calculated for hairpin feeding

(ii) Zone 3 Time (T Z3) setting :

Therefore the time delay setting of zone 3 =

(iii) RF, RB, XB and RCA setting

= Bus fault current1.2100/CT Primary current

OCR setting in % = Ia0.9 100 / CT primary current

= Bus fault current1.2100/CT Primary current

OCR setting in % = Ia0.9 100 / CT primary current

Reactance value on relay side(X) = ZT (CTR/PTR) sin (Impedance angle) ?