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1
LOAD
SIDE
service branch
SOURCE circuits
SIDE entrance Lighting
Panelboard
Distribution
Panel branch
Main circuits
Panelboard
Distribution sub-feeders
Panel
branch
sub-feeders circuits
Lighting
feeders Panelboard
Distribution
Panel
branch
circuits
This diagram is a single-line diagram used
for power flow analysis
Design Flow
SOURCE LOAD
SIDE SIDE
service branch
entrance Lighting circuits
Panelboard
Distribution
Panel branch
Main circuits
Panelboard
Distribution sub-feeders
Panel
branch
sub-feeders Lighting
circuits
feeders Panelboard
Distribution
Panel
branch
circuits
2 4
•Loads •Branch •Feeders
•Outlets Circuits •Panel
•Switches Boards
1 3 5
7
•Service •Grounding
•Conduits
•Other Devices
6 8
4
2 4
•Loads • Branch •Feeders
•Outlets Circuits •Panel
•Switches Boards
1 3 5
7
•Service •Grounding
•Conduits
•Other Devices
6 8
5
Define branch circuits
Identify the conductors in a branch circuit
Select overcurrent protection for a branch circuit
Understand why branch circuits are used
Select type and size of conductors for a branch circuit
Distribute loads among branch circuits
6
Define branch circuits
Identify the conductors in a branch circuit
Select overcorrect protection for a branch circuit
Understand why branch circuits are used
Select type and size of conductors for a branch circuit
Distribute loads among branch circuits
7
SOURCE SIDE
L Overcurrent
Device
N
8
SOURCE SIDE
L Overcurrent
Device
N
BRANCH CIRCUIT
9
SOURCE SIDE
L Overcurrent
Device
N
BRANCH CIRCUIT
RATING
11
Define branch circuits
Identify the conductors in a branch circuit
Select overcorrect protection for a branch circuit
Understand why branch circuits are used
Select type and size of conductors for a branch circuit
Distribute loads among branch circuits
12
SOURCE SIDE
L Overcurrent
Device
N
IDENTIFICATION OF
CONDUCTORS
13
Define branch circuits
Identify the conductors in a branch circuit
Select overcurrent protection for a branch circuit
Understand why branch circuits are used
Select type and size of conductors for a branch circuit
Distribute loads among branch circuits
14
SOURCE SIDE
L Overcurrent
Device
N
OVERCURRENT
PROTECTION
FUSE
15
SOURCE SIDE
L Overcurrent
Device
N
OVERCURRENT
PROTECTION
CIRCUIT BREAKER
(CB)
16
SOURCE SIDE
L Overcurrent
Device
N
OVERCURRENT
PROTECTION
RATING ≤ CURRENT-CARRYING CAPACITY OF
BRANCH CIRCUIT CONDUCTORS
1. Readily accessible – can be reached without
aid of ladders and tools and without
overcoming obstacles
2. Required for each ungrounded conductor.
17
SOURCE SIDE
L Overcurrent
✗
Device
N
OVERCURRENT
PROTECTION
RATING ≤ CURRENT-CARRYING CAPACITY OF
BRANCH CIRCUIT CONDUCTORS
1. Readily accessible – can be reached without
aid of ladders and tools and without overcoming
obstacles
2. Required for each ungrounded conductor.
18
SOURCE SIDE
L ✔
N
OVERCURRENT
PROTECTION
RATING ≤ CURRENT-CARRYING CAPACITY OF
BRANCH CIRCUIT CONDUCTORS
1. Readily accessible – can be reached without
aid of ladders and tools and without overcoming
obstacles
2. Required for each ungrounded conductor.
19
SOURCE SIDE
L
✗
N
OVERCURRENT
PROTECTION
RATING ≤ CURRENT-CARRYING CAPACITY OF
BRANCH CIRCUIT CONDUCTORS
1. Readily accessible – can be reached without
aid of ladders and tools and without overcoming
obstacles
2. Required for each ungrounded conductor.
20
SOURCE SIDE
L
✗
N
OVERCURRENT
PROTECTION
RATING ≤ CURRENT-CARRYING CAPACITY OF
BRANCH CIRCUIT CONDUCTORS
1. Readily accessible – can be reached without
aid of ladders and tools and without overcoming
obstacles
2. Required for each ungrounded conductor.
21
SOURCE SIDE
L ✔
N
OVERCURRENT
PROTECTION
RATING ≤ CURRENT-CARRYING CAPACITY OF
BRANCH CIRCUIT CONDUCTORS
1. Readily accessible – can be reached without
aid of ladders and tools and without overcoming
obstacles
2. Required for each ungrounded conductor.
22
SOURCE SIDE
L
✗
N
OVERCURRENT
PROTECTION
RATING ≤ CURRENT-CARRYING CAPACITY OF
BRANCH CIRCUIT CONDUCTORS
1. Readily accessible – can be reached without
aid of ladders and tools and without overcoming
obstacles
2. Required for each ungrounded conductor.
23
SOURCE SIDE
L ✔
N
OVERCURRENT
PROTECTION
RATING ≤ CURRENT-CARRYING CAPACITY OF
BRANCH CIRCUIT CONDUCTORS
1. Readily accessible – can be reached without
aid of ladders and tools and without overcoming
obstacles
2. Required for each ungrounded conductor.
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VI. Branch Circuit Overcurrent Protection
1. General Rule
- The rating or setting of an overcurrent device in any branch circuit must
not exceed the current-carrying capacity of the circuit conductors.
2. Specific Rules
1. An overcurrent device must be placed at the supply end of each
ungrounded conductor of the circuit to be protected.
2. An overcurrent device must not be placed in a permanently-grounded
conductor, except where the device simultaneously opens all conductors
of the circuit.
3. Where the device protecting a conductor has a rating or setting that also
provides protection for smaller conductors, there is no need to provide
protection at the point where the smaller conductors are tapped from
the larger conductor.
4. Non-motor-operated appliance branch circuit protective devices shall
not exceed 150% of the appliance rating.
5. Overcurrent devices must be located such that they are readily
accessible.
Define branch circuits
Identify the conductors in a branch circuit
Select overcorrect protection for a branch circuit
Understand why branch circuits are used
Select type and size of conductors for a branch circuit
Distribute loads among branch circuits
27
Subfeeder
Branch Circuits
Why distribute loads
among branch circuits?
Reliability
Diff. load requirements
Standardization Panel Board –
contains devices
Reduction of wire size for overcurrent
protection
28
Allowable BC
Type of BC Permissible Loads
Rating (A)
Individual Any Any
- serving one
outlet
General-purpose lighting load
15 or 20
Rating of any one Cord-and-plug attached equipment ≤ 0.8 (BC
Rating)
30
Maximum load of
Branch Circuits
General Rule:
Branch circuit conductors shall have an ampacity of not
less than the rating of the branch circuit and not less than
the load to be served.
Ampacity – current that a conductor can carry continuously under the conditions
of use without exceeding its temperature rating.
Conditions:
Ambient temp.
Neighboring conductors
Surrounding materials
33
Selection of Conductors
† The load current rating and the overcurrent protection for these conductors shall
not exceed 20 amperes for 2 mm2 (1.6 mm. dia.), 25 amperes for 3.5 mm2 (2.0 mm.
dia.), and 40 amperes for 5.5 mm2 (2.6 mm. dia.) copper; or 20 amperes for 3.5 mm2
(2.0 mm. dia.) and 30 amperes for 5.5 mm2 (2.6 mm. dia.) aluminum and copper-
clad aluminum.
Notes to tables 3.10.1.6 through 3.10.1.13
Percent of Values in
Number of
Tables 5.3.2.4 and
Conductors
5.3.2.6
4 thru 6 80
7 thru 24 70
25 thru 42 60
43 and above 50
Where single conductors of multi-conductor cables are stacked or bundled without
maintaining spacing and are not installed in raceways, the maximum allowable load
current of each conductor shall be reduced as shown in the above table.
41
Exceptions
a. When conductors of different systems, as provided in Section 3.0.1.3, are
installed in a common raceway, the derating factors shown above shall
apply to the number of power and lighting conductors only (Articles 2.10,
2.15, 2.20 and 2.30).
b. The derating factors of Sections 3.1.2.4(c), 3.3.1.2(a) and 3.3.2.1(b) shall not
apply when the above derating factors are also required.
c. For conductors installed in cable trays, the provisions of Section 3.18.1.11
shall apply.
In dwelling units, at least one (1)
◦ 20-A Small-appliance BC(one per kitchen)
◦ 20-A Bathroom BC (for equipment in bathroom)
◦ 20-A Laundry BC
43
Small-Appliance BC (kitchen, pantry, etc.) Bathroom BC
May include:
receptacle outlets, outlets not in the bathroom
countertops, and
may not be included
refrigerator
no other except outlets for clock
and a supplementary equipment Individual BC
Other BC
Laundry BC
depending on the BC rating
other outlets not for laundry may not
allowed for specific loads;
be included
designers’ way & the rules of
thumb
44
Step 1: List down groups of similar branch circuits and
their ratings.
◦ E.g. lighting bc, receptacle bc, small-appliance bc, individual
bc
Step 2: Do load calculation for each group
Step 3: Determine the number of branch circuits per
group based on the BC ratings, allowances, and the
load to be served
45
1. Lighting and Receptacle Branch Circuits for General Illumination
- Larger of: VA/sqm of listed occupancies (Table 2.20.1.3(a)) and actual load, if
known
- branch circuit rating: 15 or 20 A
Table 2.20.1.3(a) General Lighting Loads by Occupancies
3. General Receptacles
- 180 volt-amperes per receptacle (sec2.20.1.3(b))
Branch Circuit Rating: 15 or 20 A
50
4. Show Window Illumination
Larger of:
- 600 volt-amperes per linear meter (sec 2.20.1.3(c)
except .3), or
- Actual load, if known
Branch Circuit Rating: depends on type of
lamp-holder
51
5. Specific Appliance
- Ampere rating of appliance
Branch Circuit Rating: depends of FLC of appliance
52
7. Laundry Loads for Dwelling Unit
Branch Circuit Rating: 20 A
9. Motor Loads
- 1.25 * Motor Full-load current specified by the code
Branch Circuit Rating: Any
53
10. Motor Loads
- Full load current of motor x 230 V x 125%
Branch Circuit Rating: any rating
54
Minimum number of Branch Circuits per Load Group
55
Determine the minimum number of branch circuits
required for an office building with the following lighting
and receptacle loads:
56
Solution:
a. General Illumination
Larger of:
- 30m x 60m x 28 VA/sq.m. x 1.25 = 63,000 VA,
or
- 400 units x 150 VA/unit x 1.25 = 75,000 VA
57
b. Show Window
58
d. General Receptacles
59
Single Family Dwelling Unit: (30 deg. Celsius ambient)
The dwelling has a floor area of 145 m2. It has the typical household
appliances including one 8-kW electric range, two 1-Hp room air-
conditioning unit, one 1.5 Hp room air-conditioning unit, and one 1-Hp
water pump. For this unit
a. Determine the minimum number of branch circuits and the size of
THW conductors to be used considering that:
20-ampere BC will be used as much as possible.
At least two 20-ampere BCs will be provided for general illumination.
Individual BCs will supply power to the range, air-conditioning units,
and water pump
The unit has one kitchen with a countertop
The unit has laundry appliances.
There are no receptacle outlets in any bathroom.
60