Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
• Temperature changes
• Freezing and thawing (vol of freezed water increases by
9%)
• Erosion/abrasion by flowing water, wind and ice
• Natural disasters, e.g. earthquakes, landslides etc.
• Activities by plants and animal including men
• Organic soils
• Marine soils
• Pyroclastic soils
Alluvial Deposits
• Meander Belt
Deposits
Stream with winding
Course
• Point par
• Natural levee
• Flood plain or
backswamp deposit
(highly plastic clay)
• Channel fill
Alluvial Deposits
• Alluvial Terrace deposits
Relatively narrow, flat-surfaced, river flanking
remnant of flood plain deposit formed by
entrenchment of river
• Alluvial fans
When a river channel widens significantly or its
slope decreases substantially, coarse soil
particles settle forming submerged, flat,
triangular deposits known as Alluvial Fans
• Delta Deposit: soil deposited at mouth of river or
stream entering a lake or reservoir.
Aeolian deposits
Soils transported and deposited by wind action; two type of
soils are famous
• Loess: is a soil consisting of silt and silt-size particles.
The grain size tends to be uniform. Cohesion is
developed by clay coating or by chemical leached by
rainwater. Loess is quite stable under unsaturated
condition. Its collapsible upon saturation.
• Sand Dune: Mounds ridges of uniform fine sand. They
are formed when the sand is blown over the crest of the
dune by wind action. Sand dunes have the properties:
• Uniform in grain size
• Relative density on windward side is more than leeward
side
Aeolian deposits
Loess
Sand dune
Glacial Deposits
They are transported and deposited by the
movements of glaciers.
The general name is glacial till or Moraines.
• Terminal moraine (Ablation till)
• Ground Moraine or lodgments till (hard
pan)
• Lateral Moraine
• Glaciofluvial deposit or out wash
• Glacio-lacustrine deposit (varved clay)
Glacial Deposits
Colluvial deposits
Soils transported and deposited by the action of
gravity.
• Talus: formed by gradual accumulation of
unsorted rock fragments and debris at the base
of cliffs
• Hill Wash:
• Fine colluvial consisting of clayey sand, sand silt
or clay washed from top hills
• Landslide deposit:
Large mass of soil or rock which have stepped
down as a unit
Organic soil deposits
Formed by in-place growth and subsequent decay of
animal and plant life
Peat: A fibrous aggregate of decaying vegetation matter
with dark color and bad smell
MucK:
Peat with advanced stage of decomposition
Properties:
• NMC may range 200 to 300%
• Highly compressible
• Likely to undergo secondary consolidation
• Not suitable for engineering purposes.
Marine Deposits