Dr Alex Wilson 2009 Midterm I BIL250

NAME:_______________________ C#:________________

HONOR CODE
Students are required to uphold the student Honor Code. It is the policy of the
Biology Department that academic dishonesty or complicity with the dishonest will
result in a failing grade in the course.

INSTRUCTIONS

FIRST: Clearly write your NAME, C#, FORM # and SEAT # on your scantron and
this exam paper.

PART I

 10 True/False Comprehension Questions (10 points)

 40 Multiple Choice Questions (30 points)
 TOTAL 40 points

Answer Part I of the exam using the scantron sheet provided. Make only one
choice per question. If you fail to use the scantron sheet to answer the questions in
Part I of this exam your answers will not be graded.

PART II

 4 Short Answer Questions (20 points)

 One Worked Problem (10 points)
 TOTAL 6 Questions (30 points)

Answer Part II of the exam in the space provided on the exam question
sheet. Your handwriting must be legible or your exam will not be graded.

A sheet of scratch paper is provided.

TOTAL POINTS = 70 points

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Dr Alex Wilson 2009 Midterm I BIL250

COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS (1 point each)

1. All 1:1, 3:1, and 1:2:1 ratios are diagnostic of single-gene inheritance.
a) True
b) False

2. Reciprocal crosses of sex-linked genes show identical phenotypic ratios in

progeny.
a) True
b) False

3. Pedigrees of autosomal dominant disorders show affected men and women

transmitting the condition in unequal proportions.
a) True
b) False

4. Mendel's Second Law states that the gene pairs on homologous chromosomes
assort independently at mitosis.
a) True
b) False

5. The sum rule states that the probability of either of two mutually exclusive
events occurring is the sum of their individual probabilities.
a) True
b) False

6. A pure line is a population of individuals all bearing the identical fully

homozygous genotype.
a) True
b) False

7. Genes on the same chromosome always show a recombinant frequency of <

50%.
a) True
b) False

8. The transfer of genetic material in E. coli conjugation is reciprocal.

a) True
b) False

9. Hfr strains have high recombination frequencies.

a) True
b) False

10. Crossovers are needed to maintain the intact tetrad until anaphase I of meiosis.
If crossing-over fails, first division non-disjunction occurs.
a. True
b. False

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Dr Alex Wilson 2009 Midterm I BIL250

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS – SELECT ONE OF THE FOLLOWING

ANSWERS (1 point each)

11. The number of chromosomes in the basic genomic set of an organism is known
as its __________________ set.
a) diploid
b) homologue
c) nucleosome
d) haploid
e) chromatin

12. What is the smallest level of chromosome packing?

a) histones
b) nucleosomes
c) nucleolus
d) chromatosomes
e) scaffolds

13. Which of the following are examples of monohybrid crosses?

a) Aa x aa
b) Aa x Aa
c) AaBb x AaBb
d) AaBB x AaBB
e) both b and d

14. How many different types of gametes can an individual with the genotype
AaBBccDdEeFf form?
a) 4
b) 12
c) 16
d) 64
e) 256

15. A rare dominant trait, when exhibited in men, is transmitted to half their sons
and to half their daughters. The gene for this trait is carried:
a) on the X chromosome
b) on an autosome
c) on the Y chromosome
d) in the mitochondria
e) None of the above

16. If an individual has 10 gene pairs, how many different gametes can be formed if
five of the gene pairs are homozygous and the remaining 5 gene pairs are
heterozygous?
a) 42
b) 109
c) 32
d) 1024
e) cannot be determined

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Dr Alex Wilson 2009 Midterm I BIL250

17. Assuming Mendel’s Second Law is correct, what is the expected segregation ratio
for traits in a dihybrid cross?
a) 1:1
b) 3:1
c) 1:1:1:1
d) 9:3:3:1
e) None of the above.

18. A trihybrid cross is a cross between two individuals who are heterozygous for
three genes. For example: AaBbCc x AaBbCc. Assuming these three genes are
unlinked and assorting independently, what segregation ratio would be observed?
a) 9:3:3:1
b) 1:1:1:1
c) 16:9:9:3:3:1
d) 27:9:9:9:3:3:3:1
e) 12:9:3:1

19. Mendel’s law of independent assortment has its physical basis in the:
a) separation of alleles into haploid cells.
b) spindle attachment in anaphase I.
c) random arrangement of chromosomes on the metaphase plate in
meiosis I.
d) sister chromatids separating in meiosis II.
e) haploid cells forming.

20. ___________ bacteria can grow on minimal medium while _______________

require supplementation of one or more cellular building blocks or nutrients.
a) Heterotrophic, auxotrophic
b) Auxotrophic, prototrophic
c) Prototrophic, auxotrophic
d) Phototrophic, heterotrophic

21. Bacterial conjugation was first demonstrated by _____________________

a) Edward Tatum and Martha Chase
b) James Watson and Joshua Lederberg
c) Joshua Lederberg and Edward Tatum
d) Barbara McClintock and Edward Tatum
e) Arthur Kornberg and Edward Tatum

22. Which of the following describes the relationship between Hfr strains and
F′ strains?
a) An Hfr strain donates DNA to an F- strain, thus converting it into an F+
strain.
b) After DNA is transferred from an Hfr to an F-, the Hfr strain becomes
an F+ strain.
c) When an Hfr strain is used for transduction, it is called an F+ strain.
d) Hfr strains can be converted into F+ strains through the liberation of
the F factor and some flanking bacterial DNA from the bacterial
chromosome.

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Dr Alex Wilson 2009 Midterm I BIL250

23. Resistance to antibiotics, once obtained by a bacterium, spreads rapidly

throughout a bacterial population. The most common mechanism of transfer of
resistance genes is:
a) transformation.
b) zygotic induction.
c) general transduction.
d) specialized transduction.
e) conjugation.

24. Ten cM represents

a) a specific gene
b) a DNA fragment
c) 10% crossing-over
d) 10% integration of DNA from the parental strand
e) 10 m

25. To demonstrate transformation of bacteria one could

a) Mix the DNA from arg+ cells and arg- cells to allow recombination
b) Extract DNA from arg+ cell and add it to arg- cells
c) Extract DNA from StrS cells and sdd it to StrR cells
d) Extract DNA from arg- cells and add it to arg+ cells
e) Extract DNA from an auxotroph and add it to prototrophic cells

26. In kangaroos X-chromosome inactivation is

a) random
b) tissue dependent
c) non-random, the maternal chromosome is inactivated
d) non-random, the paternal chromosome is inactivated

27. A new Neurospora mutant was tested for auxotrophy.

The mutant grows on minimal medium(M)+arginine(A)+histidine(H),
M+proline(P)+H, and M+A+H+P, but not on M, or on M+A+P. The mutant
requires:
a) Arginine
b) Histidine
c) Proline
d) Histidine and Proline
e) Arginine and Proline

28. In maize, two plants that are both heterozygous for the recessive alleles a and b
are crossed. What frequency of double-mutant progeny will appear if a and b are
7.2 map units apart, and both parents carry a and b in replusion (trans)?
a) 0.036
b) 0.063
c) 0.001
d) 0.005
e) 0.072

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Dr Alex Wilson 2009 Midterm I BIL250

29. Out of 800 progeny of a three-point test cross there were 16 double crossovers,
whereas 80 had been expected on the basis of no interference. What is the
interference?
a) 0.10
b) 0.20
c) 0.05
d) 0.50
e) 0.80

30. From an F+ strain with markers c d e b (in that circular order), which of the
following derived Hfrs is impossible?
a) c enters first and then e
b) c enters first and then d
c) d enters first and then c
d) d enters first and then e
e) e enters first and then b

31. A certain diploid plant is 2n = 24 and all the chromosomes are small. If DNA is
extracted from plant tissue in mitotic metaphase and run on a pulsed-field
electrophoresis gel, how many DNA bands should be visible?
a) 6
b) 12
c) 24
d) 48
e) 96

32. The expected frequency of double recombinants is equal to

a) the product of the frequency of single recombinants
b) the sum of the frequency of single recombinants
c) the sum of the frequency of single recombinants divided by 2
d) the product of the frequency of single recombinants divided by 2
e) Without knowing the number of individuals involved, it is not possible
to answer this question

33. Bacterial recombination

a) is bidirectional and partial
b) involves equal contributions from two parental cells
c) is bidirectional and complete
d) is unidirectional and partial
e) does not occur. Bacteria are not sexual.

34. A characteristic of homologous chromosomes is that

a) They all carry alleles for the same genes in the same relative positions
b) They regularly exchange DNA by crossing over at meiosis
c) They physically pair at meiosis
d) All of the above

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Dr Alex Wilson 2009 Midterm I BIL250

35. A phenotypically normal woman is a carrier of the recessive allele that causes
albinism. What proportion of her eggs will carry the mutation that results in an
absence of melanin?
a) None
b) All
c) ¾
d) ½
e) ¼

36. The following pedigree shows the inheritance of attached earlobes (black
symbols) and unattached earlobes (open symbols). Both alternate phenotypes
are quite common in human populations.

If the phenotypes are determined by alleles of one gene, then attached

earlobes are inherited as
a) An autosomal dominant trait
b) An autosomal recessive trait
c) An X-linked dominant trait
d) An X-linked recessive trait
e) A Y-linked trait

37. The name of the Father of Genetics is:

a) Wendelssohn
b) Kendel
c) Mendel
d) Mendelssohn

38. A couple in Indiana are each heterozygous for the autosomal recessive allele for
phenylketonuria (PKU). They have two children. What is the probability that both
children will also be carriers?
a) 3/4
b) 1/16
c) 1/4
d) 9/16
e) 5/8

39. In a cross made with variegated Four O’Clock plants, pollen is provided from
flowers on a white sector, and ovules from a green sector. The progeny are
expected to be
a) All green
b) All white
c) All variegated
d) Some variegated, some green and some white
e) Some variegated and some white

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Dr Alex Wilson 2009 Midterm I BIL250

40. Flower position, stem length, and seed shape were three characters that Mendel
studied. Each is controlled by an independently assorting gene and has dominant
and recessive expression as follows:

Character Dominant Recessive

Flower position Axial (A) Terminal (a)
Stem length Tall (T) Dwarf (t)
Seed shape Round (R) Wrinkled (r)

If a plant that is heterozygous for all three characters were allowed to self-
fertilize, what proportion of the progeny would be homozygous for terminal and
dwarf and have round seeds?
a) 1/4
b) 1/8
c) 1/32
d) 1/64
e) 3/64

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Dr Alex Wilson 2009 Midterm I BIL250

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS - Answer in the space provided

41. In mice, dwarfism is caused by an X-linked recessive allele, and pink coat is
caused by an autosomal dominant allele (coats are normally brownish). If a
dwarf female from a pure line is crossed with a pink male from a pure line, what
will be the phenotypic ratios in the F1 and F2 in each sex? (Invent and define
your own gene symbols). (8 points)

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Dr Alex Wilson 2009 Midterm I BIL250

42. If you had a fruit fly that was of phenotype A, what test would you make to
determine if the fly's genotype was A/A or A/a? (2 points)

43. The pedigree below was obtained for a rare kidney disease. If persons 1 and 2
marry, what is the probability that their first child will have the kidney disease?
(6 points)

1 2

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Dr Alex Wilson 2009 Midterm I BIL250

44. In E. coli, four Hfr strains donate the following markers, shown in the order
donated:

Strain 1: M Z X W C
Strain 2: L A N C W
Strain 3: A L B R U
Strain 4: Z M U R B

All the Hfr strains are derived from the same F+ strain. What is the order of these
markers on the circular chromosome of the original F+? (4 points)

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Dr Alex Wilson 2009 Midterm I BIL250

WORKED PROBLEM - (10 points)

In mice, the following alleles were used in a cross:

W = waltzing gait w = nonwaltzing gait

G = normal gray color g = albino
B = bent tail b = straight tail

A waltzing gray bent-tailed mouse is crossed with a non-waltzing albino straight-

tailed mouse and, over several years, the following progeny totals are obtained:

waltzing gray bent 18

waltzing albino bent 21
nonwaltzing gray straight 19
nonwaltzing albino straight 22
waltzing gray straight 4
waltzing albino straight 5
nonwaltzing gray bent 5
nonwaltzing albino bent 6___
100

a) What were the genotypes of the two parental mice in the cross? (4 points)

b) Draw the chromosomes of the parents. (2 points)

c) If you deduced linkage, state the map unit value or values and show how they
were obtained. (4 points)

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