Entrepreneurship

MNO2009 - Session 6
Different Forms of
Entrepreneurship
Prof. Dr. Sarah Cheah
 Recap of L5

Persuasion Negotiation Networks

 Recap of L5
Persuasion & Negotiation Readings
Reading:
• Watkins, M., 2001. Principles of persuasion. Negotiation Journal,
17(2), pp.115-137. <NUS Digital Library/Google Scholar>
• Cross and Thomas, “A Smarter Way to Network”, HBR 2011
https://hbr.org/2011/07/managing-yourself-a-smarter-way-to-network/ar/1
• Bielaszka-Duvernay, “Take a Strategic Approach to Persuasion”,
Harvard Management Update 2008
http://www.bridge2know.net/static/courses_scorm/hbsp/harvard_managem
entor/en_hmm11_single/persuading_others/persuading_others/base/resour
ces/TakeStrategicApproachPersuasion.pdf
• Kolb, “Be Your Own Best Advocate”, HBR 2015
https://hbr.org/2015/11/be-your-own-best-advocate
 L1 to L6 Topics – Where are we?

L1: entrepreneur L2: entrepreneur makes plans L3: entrepreneur

identifies & evaluates and sets goals while finds co-founder(s)
opportunity developing target customers & builds team
1 2 3

L4: entrepreneur finds L5: entrepreneur persuades, L6: entrepreneur can

investors & mentors negotiates and networks to choose to build social
from ecosystem (e.g. engage prospective enterprise to help
incubator/ accelerator/ investors, employees, community or join a
clients & partners 5 6
coworking space) 4 corporation
 L1 to L6 Frameworks – Where are we?
1. Ardichvili’s model of 3. Babson’s framework of 5. Building a founding
opportunity startup ecosystem (6 team –Wasserman’s 3R
identification (4 domains) model (relationships,
factors) 4. Action planning process: roles & rewards)
2. Spinelli & Adam’s Lean startup approach
model of opportunity (customer development)
evaluation (5 criteria)
1 2 3

6. Self-motivation and 8. Watkin’s 4 principles of 11. ACSEP’s models of

personal factors: persuasion social entrepreneurship
Wasserman’s 9. Kolb’s negotiation 12. Wolcott and Lippitz’s
founders’ dilemma- approach models of corporate
rich vs king 10. Cross and Thomas’ model entrepreneurship
7. Saravasthy’s of building networks
causation vs
effectuation model 4 5 6
 Agenda

Social Corporate
Entrepreneurship Entrepreneurship
 Agenda

Social Corporate
Entrepreneurship Entrepreneurship

Motive & Forms

Models & Examples
Opportunities & Challenges
 Social Entrepreneurship

• The process
involving the
innovative use and
combination of
resources to pursue
opportunities to
catalyze social
change and/or
address social needs
Source: Mair and Marti, 2006
 Social Entrepreneurship
Key elements:
• Social goals
• Social activist role played
by social entrepreneur
• Innovation &
entrepreneurship
• Create economic profit to
solve social problem
• Balance double/triple
bottom line
Source: Mair and Marti, 2006
Social Entrepreneurship
Motive
To build and return the dignity Mr Koh Seng Choon
to the disadvantaged and Project Dignity

disabled through vocation with

passion.
Social Entrepreneurship
Hybrid Forms

Adapted from J. Kingston Venturesome, CAF Venturesome, and EVPA

Source: ACSEP, 2014
Social Entrepreneurship
History (UK)

Cooperatives
(Founded in 1884)
Rochdale Society of Equitable Pioneers
Social Entrepreneurship
History (US)

Hull House
(Founded in 1889)
Jane Addams
 Social Entrepreneurship
History (Singapore)

Co-op introduced in Sg in 1924.

Sg Gov Servants’ Coop Thrift & Loan Society founded in 1925
Today, >200 SEs in Sg (85 co-ops)
Social Entrepreneurship
Overview of SE in Singapore

41% of SE offer
services Mostly
coops

Source: ACSEP, 2014

 Archipelago
online collaborative learning tool
• Step 1: Open email sent to you from arch-
noreply@archipelago.1.comp.nus.edu.sg
• Step 2: Click on link “To Archipelago” in email
– Note this link is unique to you. Do NOT share your link.
• Step 3: In Archipelago environment, on left panel, click
on Activity 1 – please refer to Activity 1 question shown
in lecture.
• Step 4: Key in your response in Activity 1 main window
• Step 5: when done, click “Submit Answer” on bottom
right of main window.
Social Entrepreneurship
Model
 Social Entrepreneurship
Models

Work integration
Profit plough
social Co-ops
back
enterprises

Hybrids
 Social Entrepreneurship
Profit Plough Back Example
80% 20%

Hospitality Education Donation

Community Healthy Fund- Int’l Fellowship Membership Empower

Services Living raising & Events -ment
 Social Entrepreneurship
Work Integration Examples
New Soon Huat Bak Kut Teh A-changin

Adrenalin Events Eighteen Chefs

Social Entrepreneurship
Co-op Example:
Social Entrepreneurship
Hybrid Example
Social Entrepreneurship
Challenges and Opportunities
Social Entrepreneurship
Challenges

Ambiguity of concept

Sustainability

Misuse
Source: ACSEP, 2014
Social Entrepreneurship
Opportunities

Tremendous growth
potential

Conducive ecosystem

Source: ACSEP, 2014

 Agenda

Social Corporate
Entrepreneurship Entrepreneurship

Definition
Models
Examples
 Corp Entrepreneurship
Definition

The process by which teams within an established

company conceive, foster, launch and manage a
new business that is distinct from the parent
company but leverages the parent company’s
assets, market position, capabilities or other
resources.

Source: Wolcott & Lippitz, 2007

Corp Entrepreneurship
The Opportunist Model

Source: Wolcott & Lippitz, 2007

Corp Entrepreneurship
The Enabler Model

Source: Wolcott & Lippitz, 2007

Corp Entrepreneurship
The Advocate Model

Source: Wolcott & Lippitz, 2007

Corp Entrepreneurship
The Producer Model

Source: Wolcott & Lippitz, 2007

Corp Entrepreneurship
Models

Source: Wolcott & Lippitz, 2007

 Summary

Social Corporate
Entrepreneurship Entrepreneurship
 Guest Speaker
Master Teo Yew Chye

• Psychologist, founder of Kapap

Academy Sg in 2008 in memory
of demised brother Moss who
was first attacked in JB in 2000
• Social mission: “Empowering
ordinary people with realistic
personal protection skills”
• Modern street combatives
• Served schools, government
agencies, military, police units,
security firms, MNCs, etc.
 Guest Lecture
Q&A

• Please go to url link: https://pigeonhole.at and enter

Event passcode <MNO2009> to text your question to
our guest speaker.

You could view others’ responses and vote for those that you
strongly support
 Readings
Different Forms of Entrepreneurship

Reading:
• Landscape of Social Enterprises in Singapore, ACSEP, NUS
Business School, available on NUS business school portal
http://bschool.nus.edu/Portals/0/docs/Social-Entrepreneurship-in-
Asia-Working%20Paper-Landscape-of-Social-Enterprises-in-
Singapore.pdf
• Straits Times, New Grants for Aspiring Social Entrepreneurs, 31 Jul
2015, http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/new-grant-for-aspiring-
social-entrepreneurs
• Wolcott, R. and Lippitz, M. 2007, ‘The Four Models of Corporate
Entrepreneurship’, MIT Sloan Management Review, vol. 49, no. 1,
pp. 75-82. (NUS Digital Library)
 Preparation for Tutorial 5
Persuasion, Negotiation & Network
5 Oct 2017
Pre-tutorial activities:
1. Read InvitroCue Case (Healthcare/Biotech) from Facing Down
Failure (Pearson online coursepack)
2. Review Lecture 5 notes
3. Read Michael Watkins, 2001, Principles of Persuasion,
Negotiation Journal <NUS Digital Library/Google Scholar>
4. Cross and Thomas, 2011, A Smarter Way to Network, Harvard
Business Review, https://hbr.org/2011/07/managing-yourself-a-
smarter-way-to-network/ar/1
 Preparation for Tutorial 5
Persuasion, Negotiation & Network
5 Oct 2017
Please go through the reading and answer the
following questions:
1. Persuasion is a form of social influence. With reference to
Watkin’s model of persuasion, discuss how Dr Steven Fang
engaged in the persuasion process to get buy-in from the key
ecosystem stakeholders in successfully spinning off InvitroCue
from A*STAR
2. Using Cross and Thomas’ framework, analyse Dr Fang’s
network and comment on the quality of his contacts in each of
the six categories critical to his success.