CHARTS 87

2t/H = 0.398, 90° ≤ α ≤ 150°, 1.6 ≤ Ktu ≤ 3.5

For 2t/H = 0.398 and α < 90°
2t/H = 0.667 and α < 60°
Ktα = Ktu
Ktα = C1 + C2√Ktu + C3 Ktu
4.0
C1 5.294 – 0.1225α + 0.000523α2
C2 –5.0002 + 0.1171α – 0.000434α2
C3 1.423 – 0.01197α – 0.000004α2
2t/H = 0.667, 60° ≤ α ≤ 150°, 1.6 ≤ Ktu ≤ 2.8
C1 –10.01 + 0.1534α – 0.000647α2
C2 13.60 – 0.2140α + 0.000973α2
C3 – 3.781 + 0.07873α – 0.000392α2

α
r h
3.5
t α=0 α = 90°
P H/d = 1.66
P H d

α = 120°
3.0 H/d = 1.66
Ktu = Stress concentration factor
for U notch (α = 0)
K tα
Ktα = Stress concentration factor α = 60° H/d = 3
for corresponding V notch
2.5 (Angle α) α = 90° H/d = 3
α = 120°
H/d = 3
α = 150°
H/d = 1.66
2.0

α = 150°
H/d = 3

1.5

α = 180°

1.0
.1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
Ktu

Chart 2.7 Stress concentration factors Kt! for a flat tension bar with opposite V-shaped notches
(from data of Appl and Koerner 1969).
90 NOTCHES AND GROOVES

rr
σmax
Ktn = σ h
nom
P H d P
σnom = P
hd a

(a) a/d = 0.25

5.0

H/d
4.0 2.00

1.40
Ktn 3.0
1.20

1.10 U-notch
H – d = 2r
2.0 1.05

1.01

1.0
0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.20
r/d

(b) a/d = 1.0

5.0

4.0
H/d
2.00

Ktn 3.0 1.40

1.20

H – d = 2r 1.10
2.0

1.05

1.01
1.0
0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.20
r/d

Chart 2.10 Stress concentration factors Ktn for opposing notches with flat bottoms in finite-width flat
elements in tension (Hetényi and Liu 1956; Neuber 1958; Sobey 1965; ESDU 1981): (a) a̸ d ! 0.25;
(b) a̸ d ! 1.0.
 a

0.05r 0.05r h
r r t
6.0
σ σ
A A
a = 2r

5.0
σmax
Ktn = σ
σmax occurs at points A

r/t
4.0 0.2

Kt 0.3

0.4
3.0
0.6
1.0

2.0

1.0
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.010.0
a/t

91
Chart 2.11 Stress concentration factors Kt for notches with flat bottoms in semi-infinite flat elements in tension (Rubenchik 1975; ESDU 1981).
 108 NOTCHES AND GROOVES

r t
h

M M
H d

Ktn = Stress concentration for

0°
= 60° °
4.0 straight-sided notch with
semicircular bottom (U notch). α 70 0°
(Dashed lines in above sketch) 8 0°
3.8 9 °
0
Ktα = Stress concentration for 10
3.6 notch of angle α, with
other dimensions the same. °
1 10
3.4
For α ≤ 90° α= °
1 20
3.2 Ktα = Ktn α=
For 90° < α ≤ 150° and 0.5 ≤ t/r ≤ 4.0
0°
3.0
[ α
Ktα = 1.11 Ktn – –0.0159 + 0.2243 150 ( ) α=
13

( )]
2.8 α 2 α 3
Kta ( )
–0.4293 150 + 0.3609 150
2
K tn
α=
140
°
2.6
α is the notch angle in degrees
2.4
50°
α=1
2.2

2.0
°
α = 160
1.8

1.6
α = 170°
1.4

1.2
α = 180°
1.0
1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0
Ktn

Chart 2.28 Effect of notch angle on stress concentration factors for a thin beam element in bending
with a V-shaped notch on one side (Leven and Frocht 1953).