HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND CRISES

MANAGEMENT
ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR - BEHAVIOR WHICH IS AWAY FROM OR DEVIATING FROM THE NORMAL
BEHAVIOR. NORMAL BEHAVIOR ON THE OTHER HAND, IS ONE THAT IS WITHIN THE CONCEPT
OF A PERSON AS HIS OWN BEHAVIOR WHICH HE OR SHE SEES NORMAL, AND THAT PEOPLE
WHO BEHAVE AS THEY DO, ARE LIKEWISE NORMAL AND THOSE THAT DO NOT BEHAVE
SIMILARLY ARE ABNORMAL. ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR MOST OF THE TIME REFERRED TO AS
“SICK” BEHAVIOR.

ADOLESCENCE – THIS IS DIVIDED INTO: (EARLY ADOLESCENCE, PUBERTY TO 17 YRS. AND

LATE ADOLESCENCE, 17 TO 21 YEARS?)

ADULTHOOD – 21 TO FORTY YEARS OLD.

ADULT-EGO STATES – MORE UPON REASON, FACTUAL, FLEXIBLE, VIEWS OTHER AS CO-
EQUAL, AND REASONABLE.

AMBIVERT - IS A MIXTURE OF BETWEEN AN EXTROVERT AND INTROVERT.

ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER - FAIL TO CONFORM TO SOCIAL NORMS WITH

RESPECT TO LAWFUL BEHAVIORS AS INDICATED BY REPEATED ACTS THAT ARE GROUNDS
FROM ARREST. UNABLE TO CONTROL THEIR IMPULSE, PERFORM VIOLENT AND HARMFUL
ACTS WITHOUT EXPERIENCING A BIT OF GUILT.

ANXIETY - MANIFESTED THROUGH APPREHENSION, TENSION, AND UNEASINESS FROM

ANTICIPATION OF DANGER THE SOURCE OF WHICH IS LARGELY UNKNOWN OR
UNRECOGNIZED.

APPROPRIATENESS - INCLUDES ASSESSMENT OF NOT ONLY THE BEHAVIOR ITSELF BUT

ALSO THE SITUATION IN WHICH IT IS HAPPENING.

ASSOCIATION – MEANING THE MORE CONNECTION ARE MADE WITH A SUBJECT, THE BETTER
IT WILL BE LEARNED AND RETAINED.

ATTITUDES - MAY EITHER BE POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE, FAVORABLE OR UNFAVORABLE,

LEARNED OR ACQUIRED.

AVOIDANT PERSONALITY DISODER - FEELING OF INADEQUACY, HYPERSENSITIVE TO

NEGATIVE EVALUATION, TIMID AND SHY BUT DO WISH TO HAVE FRIENDS, UNCOMFORTABLE
AND AFRAID OF REJECTION OR CRITICISM. UNLIKE SCHIZOID, THEY DON’T ENJOY BEING
ALONE.

AWARENESS - REFERS TO THE PSYCHOLOGICAL ACTIVITY BASED ION INTERPRETATION OR

PAST EXPERIENCE WITH A GIVEN STIMULUS OR OBJECT.

BABYHOOD – SECOND WEEK TO TWO YEARS OLD.

BESTIALITY – SEXUAL RELATION WITH A LIVING ANIMAL.

BIOLOGICAL DRIVES – INCLUDES PHYSIOLOGICAL, BASIC AND PRIMARILY UNLEARNED

MOTIVES E.G. WATER, FOOD AND OTHER SURVIVAL MOTIVES.

BIOGENIC NEEDS – REFERS TO THE NEEDS OF THE BODY EXISTING PRIMARILY FOR THE
MAINTENANCE OF HEALTH AND PROTECTION OF THE BODY AGAINST PHYSICAL INJURIES.
E.G. NEED FOR FOOD, AIR, REST, SEX AND AVOIDANCE OF PAIN.

BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER - INSTABILITY OF INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS,

INSTABILITY OF MOOD, SELF-IMAGE AND AFFECTS AND MARKED IMPULSIVITY, MAY HAVE
RECURRENT SUICIDAL BEHAVIORS. THEIR MOOD MAY SHIFT RAPIDLY AND INEXPLICABLY
FROM DEPRESSION TO ANXIETY TO ANGER OVER A PATTERN OF SEVERAL HOURS.

CARDINAL RULE IN NEGOTIATION - COMMANDER SHOULD NOT NEGOTIATE, NEGOTIATOR

SHOULD NOT COMMAND.”

CHILD-EGO STATES – DEPENDENT, REBELLION, SELFISH, DEMANDING, IMPATIENT AND

EMOTIONAL.
CHILDHOOD – THIS IS DIVIDED INTO: (EARLY CHILDHOOD, 2- 6 YEARS OLD AND LATE
CHILDHOOD, 7 TO ELEVEN YEARS??)

CLASSICAL OR RESPONDENT CONDITIONING – BY PAVLOV WHICH STATES THAT THE

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN A CONDITIONED STIMULUS AND RESPONSE IS STRENGTHENED BY
REPEATED PRESENTATION WITH THE UNCONDITIONAL STIMULUS.

COMPENSATION - A PROCESS WHEREBY ONE MAKES UP FOR SOME REAL OR IMAGINARY

INADEQUACY BY DOING WELL IN ANOTHER ACTIVITY.

COMPLIMENTARY – IF THE STIMULUS AND RESPONSE PATTERN FROM ONE EGO STATE TO
ANOTHER ARE PARALLEL.

COMPLEX- ARE THOSE BEHAVIORS THAT COMBINES TWO OR MORE OF THE CLASSIFIED
ONES.

COMPULSION – IS AN IRRESISTIBLE IMPULSE TO PERFORM CERTAIN ACTS THAT ARE

REPETITIVE AND RITUALISTIC.

CONNECTIONISM THEORY – BY THORNDIKE STATES THAT PRACTICE STRENGTHENS THE

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN STIMULI AN RESPONSE BY USING THE LAW OF EXERCISE. THAT THIS
CONNECTION BETWEEN THE STIMULUS AND RESPONSE CAN BE STRENGTHENS FURTHER
BY MEANS OF REWARD OR SATISFACTION BUT CAN BE WEAKENED BY PUNISHMENT OR
DISSATISFACTION, THROUGH THE USE OF THE3 LAW OF EFFECT. THIS THEORY IN LEARNING
ASSUMED THAT IF A THING IS TO BE LEARNED, THERE SHOULD BE FREQUENT REPETITIONS
OF STIMULUS AND RESPONSE.

CRISIS MANAGEMENT – IS SIMPLY GOOD MANAGEMENT UNDER PRESSURE.

DEFENSE MECHANISM - THEY ARE UNCONSCIOUS PSYCHOLOGICAL PROCESSES THAT

SERVE AS SAFETY VALVES TO PROVIDE RELIEF FROM EMOTIONAL CONFLICT AND ANXIETY.
DEFENSE MECHANISM IS FORMS OF SELF-DECEPTION WHICH A PERSON MAY NOT BE
AWARE OF. THEY ARE RESORTED TO WHENEVER PSYCHOLOGICAL EQUILIBRIUM IS
THREATENED BY SEVERE EMOTIONAL INJURY ARISING FROM FRUSTRATION.

DELUSION – A FALSE BELIEF FIRMLY HELD DESPITE INCONTROVERTIBLE PROOF OF

EVIDENCE TO THE CONTRARY

DENIAL – WHEN A PERSON USES THIS MECHANISM, HE REFUSES TO RECOGNIZE AND DEAL
WITH REALITY BECAUSE OF STRONG INNER NEEDS.

DEPENDENT PERSONALITY DISORDER - DIFFICULTY IN MAKING EVERYDAY DECISION

WITHOUT AN EXCESSIVE AMOUNT OF ADVICE AND REASSURANCE FROM OTHERS, LACK
SELF CONFIDENCE IN JUDGMENT, UNCOMFORTABLE AND HELPLESS WHEN ALONE.

DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS - EVERY STAGE OF LIFE HAS ITS ACCOMPANYING DEVELOPMENTAL

TASKS. THEY ARE TASKS IMPOSED ON THE INDIVIDUAL BY MATURATION AND CULTURE THAT
PREPARE HIM FOR THE NEXT STAGE OF LIFE.

DISPLACEMENT - THIS IS WHERE ONE TRANSFER HIS EMOTION CONNECTED WITH ONE
PERSON OR THING TO ANOTHER UNRELATED PERSON OR OBJECT.

DURATION – HOW LONG IN TERMS OF FUNCTION OF TIME.

EMBRYO PERIOD – SECOND WEEK TO SECOND MONTH.

EMOTIONAL TRAITS – GIVES AN INDIVIDUAL THE CAPACITY TO FACE DIFFERENT SITUATIONS

IN LIFE AND STILL MAINTAIN COMPOSURE.

EXHIBITIONISM – SEXUAL GRATIFICATION IS ATTAINED BY EXPOSING SOME PRIVATE PARTS

OF THE BODY

EXTENSITY – SIZE, DISTANCE AND LOCATION.

EXTINCTION – MEANS TO LET SOMETHING DIE OUT OR BE FORGOTTEN BY DISUSE IF IT WILL

NOT FACILITATE LEARNING.
EXTROVERT - CHARACTERIZED BY INTEREST DIRECTED TOWARD THE EXTERNAL
ENVIRONMENT OF PEOPLE AND THINGS RATHER THAN TOWARD INNER EXPERIENCES AND
ONESELF.

FANTASY OR DAYDREAMING – THIS IS WHERE AN IMAGINED SEQUENCE OF EVENTS OR

MENTAL IMAGES THAT SERVES TO EXPRESS UNCONSCIOUS CONFLICTS, TO GRATIFY
UNCONSCIOUS WISHES OR TO PREPARE FOR AN ANTICIPATED FUTURE EVENT.

FETISHISM – SEXUAL GRATIFICATION IS ATTAINED BY SUBSTITUTING AN INANIMATE OBJECT

OF LOVE.

FETUS PERIOD – SECOND MONTH TO BIRTH.

FLEXIBILITY - NORMAL BEHAVIOR TENDS TO BE FLEXIBLE AS A SIGN OF HEALTHY BEHAVIOR.

HABITUAL - REFERS TO MOTORIZED BEHAVIOR USUALLY MANIFESTED IN LANGUAGE AND

EMOTION.

HABITS – REACTIONS SO OFTEN REPEATED THAT BECOMES A PERSON’S FIXED

CHARACTERISTIC OR TENDENCY.

HALLUCINATION – A SENSORY PERCEPTION IN THE ABSENCE OF AN ACTUAL EXTERNAL

STIMULUS.

HISTRIONIC PERSONALITY DISORDER - PERVASIVE PATTERN OF EXCESSIVE EMOTIONALITY

AND ATTENTION SEEKING. OVERLY CONCERNED WITH THEIR APPEARANCE AND
EXAGGERATED IMPRESSION OF EMOTION.

HOMOSEXUALITY – SEXUAL GRATIFICATION IS ATTAINED BY HAVING A SEXUAL

RELATIONSHIP WITH MEMBERS OF THE SAME SEX.

HOSTAGE NEGOTIATION - IN HOSTAGE SITUATION THE GENERAL TENDENCY OF THE

HOSTAGE TAKER IS TO HOSTAGE A PROMINENT PERSONALITY IN ORDER TO GAIN NEEDED
LEVERAGE IN THE NEGOTIATION. WHAT IS IMPORTANT IN THIS SITUATION IS IMPROVED
COMMUNICATION AND THE EFFICIENCY OF THE POLICE IN RESPONDING TO THE CALL OF
EMERGENCY.

HUMAN BEHAVIOR - ANYTHING AN ORGANISM DOES THAT INVOLVES SELF-INITIATED ACTION

AND/OR REACTION TO A GIVEN STIMULUS. IT IS COMPOSED OF ADOPTIVE ADJUSTMENTS
PEOPLE MAKE AS THEY COPE WITH ONE ANOTHER, WITH PROBLEMS, WITH OPPORTUNITIES,
AND WITH WORKING TOGETHER-ASPECTS, IN A GIVEN SITUATION.

HUMAN BEHAVIOR - IT IS THE SUM TOTAL OF MAN’S REACTION TO HIS ENVIRONMENT.

HYPOCHONDRIASIS - CHRONIC ANXIETY ABOUT HEALTH.

IDENTIFICATION – A PROCESS WHEREBY AN INDIVIDUAL WITHOUT AWARENESS, SATISFIES

FRUSTRATED DESIRES BY PSYCHOLOGICALLY ASSUMING THE ROLE OF ANOTHER PERSON.

IMPULSIVITY - (NORMAL BEHAVIOR IS MORE LIKELY TO BE A RESULT OF A CONSIDERATION

OF ITS CONSEQUENCES, WITH IMPORTANT DECISIONS BEING GIVEN CAREFUL THOUGHT
BEFORE IMPLEMENTATION) ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR, BEING UNCONTROLLED OR PARTIALLY
CONTROLLED NEEDS AND DRIVES, TENDS TO BE IMPULSIVE.

INFANCY STAGE – FIRST TWO WEEKS AFTER BIRTH

INHERITED BEHAVIOR - THESE ARE INBORN BEHAVIOR, ANY BEHAVIORAL REACTIONS OR

REFLEXES EXHIBITED BY PEOPLE BECAUSE OF THEIR INHERITED CAPABILITIES OR THE
PROCESS OF NATURAL SECTION E.G. THE SURVIVAL OF SPECIES WHO ARE DEPENDENT ON
BEHAVIORS LIKE BREATHING, DIGESTING FOOD, MATING AND DEPENDING ONESELF.

INSTINCTIVE - THEY ARE GENERALLY UNLEARNED AND SIMPLY COMES OUT, OUT OF MAN’S
INSTINCT, WHICH CAN BE SEEN AMONG INSTINCT-INSTINCT SURVIVAL BEHAVIORS.

INSTRUMENTAL OR OPERANT CONDITIONING – WHEREIN THE LEARNING OR STIMULUS-

RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP IS STRENGTHENED BY IMMEDIATELY MAKING A FOLLOW-UP OF
THE THING LEARNED.

INTENSITY – MAGNITUDE, WHETHER MILD, STRONG AND DISINTEGRATED

INTEREST – IN A LESSON WILL FACILITATE LEARNING AND SERVE AS ITS OWN MOTIVATION,
ASIDE FROM HAVING THE ONE TEACHING MAKING THE TOPIC INTERESTING.

INTROVERT - IS ONE CHARACTERIZED BY DIRECTION OF INTEREST TOWARD ONESELF AND

ONE’S INNER WORLD OF EXPERIENCES

KLEPTOMANIA – THE URGE TO STEAL

LEARNED BEHAVIOR - THESE ARE OPERANT BEHAVIOR WHICH INVOLVES KNOWING OR

TAKING INTO ACCOUNT, ADAPTATIONS THAT ENHANCE A HUMAN BEING’S ABILITY TO COPE
WITH CHANGES IN THE ENVIRONMENT IN WAYS WHICH IMPROVE THE CHANCES OF
SURVIVAL E.G. GOOD COMMAND OF ENGLISH, LOGICAL PROBLEM SOLVING TECHNIQUE,
JOB SKILLS, AND OTHER LEARNED EXPERTISE THAT GIVE PEOPLE MORE CONTROL OVER
THEIR LIVES. IT IS THIS BEHAVIOR THAT SETS HUMAN BEING APART FROM OTHER ANIMALS.

MASLOV’S SELF-ACTUALIZATION THEORY - MASLOV MAINTAINS THAT MAN IS NATURALLY

GOOD AND THAT SELF-ACTUALIZATION IS HIS GOAL. AND, BLOCKING THIS GOAL MAKES
MAN FRUSTRATED AND NEUROTIC. AGGRESSION AND DESTRUCTION ARE NOT NATURAL,
BUT THEY ARE THE RESULT OF AN ENVIRONMENT THAT PREVENTS THE ATTAINMENT OF
GOALS. THIS THEORY MAKES HUMAN NEEDS COMES FIRST, FOLLOWED BY SAFETY NEEDS,
THEN BELONGINGNESS, SELF-ESTEEM AND SELF-ACTUALIZATION COMES LAST.

MASOCHISM – SEXUAL GRATIFICATION IS ATTAINED THROUGH THE PAIN INFLICTED UPON

ONESELF.

MEMORY DISORDER OR AMNESIA - CAUSED BY PAINFUL MEMORIES ASSOCIATED WITH

SOME SHOCKING EXPERIENCES WHICH ARE REPRESSED AND CANNOT BE RECALLED.

MENTAL TRAITS – INCLUDES OUR ABILITY TO CONTROL THE MIND.

MIDDLE AGE – FORTY TO SIXTY YRS. OLD.

MORAL AND RELIGIOUS TRAITS – THE STANDARDS OF A PERSON’S ACTIONS AND

BEHAVIORS.

MOTIVATION – AROUSES INTEREST, PROVIDES AN OBJECTIVE AND DIRECT TOWARDS A

GOAL, THUS IT FACILITATES LEARNING.

MOTIVATION - IS DEFINED AS BEHAVIOR INSTIGATED BY NEEDS WITHIN THE INDIVIDUAL AND

DIRECTED TOWARDS A GOAL THAT CAN SATISFY THE NEEDS. MOTIVATION MAY ALSO BE
REGARDED AS EXPLANATION FOR ACTION WHICH INFLUENCES BEHAVIOR IN MANY WAYS.
ALL DEFINITIONS OF MOTIVATION HAVE CERTAIN THINGS IN COMMON SUCH AS; IT COMES
FROM WITHIN; IT IS DIRECTED TOWARDS A GOAL; AND IT AROUSES INTEREST IN THE
ACTIVITY.

NARCISSISTIC PERSONALITY DISODER - EXAGGERATED SENSE OF SELF IMPORTANCE, A

PREOCCUPATION WITH BEING ADMIRED AND LACK OF EMPATHY FOR THE FEELING OF
OTHERS.

NECROPHILIA – SEXUAL RELATION WITH A NEWLY DEAD BODY.

NEUROSIS – A CONDITION WHERE A PERSON COMPROMISES WITH REALITY BY

DEVELOPING IMAGINARY AILMENTS, PHOBIA, OBSESSION OR COMPULSION;

NON-COMPLIMENTARY – IF STIMULUS AND RESPONSE PATTERN FROM ONE EGO STATE TO

ANOTHER ARE NOT PARALLEL.

OLD AGE – SIXTY AND ABOVE.

OBSESSION – IS AN IDEA THAT PERSISTENTLY RECURS IN A PERSON’S MIND SOMETIMES

AGAINST HIS WISH, THOUGH IT MAY HAVE NO BASIS AT ALL.

OBSESSIVE –COMPULSIVE P.D. - PERVASIVE PATTERN OF PREOCCUPATION WITH

ORDERLINESS, PERFECTIONISM AND MENTAL AND INTERPERSONAL CONTROL.
PREOCCUPIED WITH TRIVIAL DETAILS AND RULES AND DO NOT APPRECIATE CHANGES AND
ROUTINE.

OVUM PERIOD – FIRST TWO WEEKS

PARANOID – HE FEELS THREATENED AND PERSECUTED, HIGHLY SUSPICIOUS OF PEOPLE
AND IMPULSIVE.

PARANOID PERSONALITY DISORDER- RECURRENT SUSPICIONS WITHOUT JUSTIFICATION,

PREOCCUPIED BY UNJUSTIFIED DOUBTS, HOSTILITY, OVERSENSITIVITY, TENDS TO SEE
ONESELF AS BLAMELESS.

PARENT-EGO STATE – PROTECTIVE, IDEALISTIC, EVALUATIVE, RIGHTEOUS, REFER TO LAWS,

RULES AND STANDARD.

PEDOPHILIA - A CHILD MOLESTER THAT VICTIMIZES YOUNG BOYS THAT COULD LEAD TO
SODOMY.

PERCEPTION - REFERS TO THE PERSON’S KNOWLEDGE OF A GIVEN STIMULUS WHICH

LARGELY HELP TO DETERMINE THE ACTUAL BEHAVIORAL RESPONSE IN A GIVEN SITUATION.

PERSONALITY- IS DEFINED AS A PATTERN OF HABITS, ATTITUDES AND TRIALS THAT DEFINES

AN INDIVIDUAL’S CHARACTERISTICS, BEHAVIOR AND QUALITIES.

PERSONALITY DISORDER – WITH ANTI-SOCIAL AND MALADAPTIVE PATTERNS OF BEHAVIOR

THAT BRINGS HIM REPEATEDLY IN CONFLICT WITH SOCIETY.

PHOBIA - AN IRRATIONAL FEAR WHICH IS FIXED, INTENSE, UNCONTROLLABLE, AND MOST

OF THE TIME HAS NO REASONABLE FOUNDATION.

PHYSICAL TRAITS – THIS INCLUDES FACIAL APPEARANCE, HEIGHT, WEIGHT, PHYSICAL

DEFECTS, COMPLEXION, STRENGTH AND HEALTH.

PSYCHOLOGICAL OR SOCIAL DRIVES – THEY ARE SECONDARY, ACQUIRED, LEARNED, AND

DERIVED. E.G. MOTIVES TO BE RICH, POPULAR, BALANCED AND OTHER ACQUISITION OF
ACHIEVEMENTS.

PSYCHOGENIC OR SOCIOGENIC NEEDS – INCLUDES THE NEED FOR LOVE, AFFECTION,

SECURITY, GROWTH AND ACHIEVEMENT, AND RECOGNITION FROM OTHERS.

PSYCHOSIS – A MENTAL CONDITION WHERE THE PERSON MAY WITHDRAW FROM THE REAL
WORLD INTO THE WORLD OF FANTASY AND MAKE-BELIEVE, WHERE A PERSON’S HIDDEN OR
UNEXPRESSED DESIRES CAN BE FULFILLED.

PSYCHONEUROTIC PERSON – ARE THOSE IN THE TWILIGHT ZONE BETWEEN NORMALITY

AND ABNORMALITY. THEY ARE NOT INSANE, BUT NEITHER ARE THEY NORMAL. THE
NEUROTIC IS ALWAYS TENSE, RESTLESS AND ANXIOUS. FREQUENTLY, THEY HAVE
OBSESSION, COMPULSION. PHOBIA, AND IN SOME CASES, AMNESIA. ANXIETY IS THE
DOMINANT CHARACTERISTIC.

PSYCHOPATH OR SOCIOPATH WITH AN ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY – A MENTAL DISORDER

WHERE ONE, INSTEAD OF COMPROMISING WITH REALITY, WITHDRAW INTO HIS SHELL. THE
PERSON MAY GO TO THE OTHER EXTREMES AND MAY BECOME VERY AGGRESSIVE AND
CRUEL IN HIS BEHAVIOR TOWARDS OTHERS. AND, WHEN HIS ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR
COMES IN CONFLICT WITH THE LAW, HE BECOMES A CRIMINAL.

PROJECTION - MANIFEST FEELINGS AND IDEAS WHICH ARE UNACCEPTABLE TO ONESELF,

BUT PROJECTED ONTO OTHERS SO THAT THEY MAY SEEM TO HAVE THESE FEELINGS OR
IDEAS, THAT FREE THE INDIVIDUAL FROM THE GUILT AND ANXIETY ASSOCIATED WITH THEM.

PUBERTY – END OF CHILDHOOD AND BEGINNING OF ADOLESCENCE

PYROMANIA – THE IRRESISTIBLE URGE TO SET FIRE,

QUANTITY – WHETHER NORMAL, ABNORMAL, MISLEADING OR UNACCEPTABLE.

RATIONALIZATION – IT IS A FALLACIOUS THINKING INTENDED TO JUSTIFY IDEAS AND

BEHAVIOR IN A WAY THAT SEEMS REASONABLE TO ONESELF, ALTHOUGH, THEY ARE
INTELLECTUALLY JUSTIFIED AND OFTEN SOCIALLY DISAPPROVED AS WELL.

REACTION FORMATION - IS DEFINED AS THE DEVELOPMENT OF A TRAIT OR TRAITS WHICH

ARE THE OPPOSITE OF TENDENCIES THAT WE DO NOT WANT TO RECOGNIZE. IT IS SHOWN,
WHEN AN INDIVIDUAL IS MOTIVATED TO ACT IN A CERTAIN WAY, BUT BEHAVES IN THE
OPPOSITE WAY, AND BE ABLE TO KEEP HIS URGES AND IMPULSES UNDER CONTROL.
REGENCY – MEANS THAT LEARNING SHOULD BE MADE RECENT IN THE MINDS OF LEARNERS
FOR THEM NOT FORGET WHAT THEY HAVE LEARNED.

REGRESSION – WHEN A PERSON EMPLOYS THIS DEFENSE MECHANISM, HE GOES BACK TO

A PATTERN OF FEELING, THINKING, OR BEHAVIOR WHICH WAS APPROPRIATE TO AN
EARLIER STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT, SUCH AS WHEN A PERSON DEMANDS FOR SOMETHING
FROM OTHERS AND WHEN DENIED, USES TANTRUMS TO GET IT, AS WHAT HE OR SHE HAS
DONE IN EARLY CHILDHOOD WHEN PARENTS GIVE TO DEMANDS OF CHILDREN BY THE USE
OF TANTRUMS.

REINFORCEMENT - CAN BE MADE THROUGH THE USE OF AUDIO-VISUAL AID, REVIEWS,

DRILLS, AND OTHER MEANS.

REPRESSION – IS AN UNCONSCIOUS PROCESS WHERE UNACCEPTABLE URGES OR

PAINFUL, TRAUMATIC EXPERIENCES ARE COMPLETELY PREVENTED FROM ENTERING
CONSCIOUSNESS

REWARDS OR PUNISHMENTS – SHOULD BE IMMEDIATE FOR IT TO BE EFFECTIVE AND MAKE

LEARNING EASY.

SADISM – SEXUAL GRATIFICATION IS ATTAINED THROUGH THE PAIN INFLICTED UPON THE
SEXUAL PARTNER.

SCHIZOPHRENIA OR DEMENTIA PRAECOX – IS CHARACTERIZED BY DISTURB THINKING.

SCHIZOID PERSONALITY DISORDER - PERVASIVE DETACHMENT FROM SOCIAL

RELATIONSHIP, RESTRICTS EXPRESSION OF EMOTION, NEITHER ENJOY NOR DESIRE CLOSE
RELATIONSHIP, INABILITY TO FORM SOCIAL RELATIONSHIP AND LACK OF INTEREST TO DO
SO.

SCHIZOTYPAL PERSONSALITY DISORDER. = REDUCED CAPACITY FOR CLOSE

RELATIONSHIP, HAVE OLD BELIEFS AND MAGICAL THINKING SUCH AS SUPERSTITIONS,
TELEPATHY ETC.

SEVERE DEPRESSION – SUFFERS ALSO SOME MENTAL ABERRATION WHICH IS AN ANSWER

TO LIFE STRESS THAT COULD LEAD TO SELF-DESTRUCTION AS IN SUICIDE.

SENSATION - IS THE FEELING OR IMPRESSION CREATED BY A GIVEN STIMULUS OR CAUSE,

THAT LEADS TO A PARTICULAR REACTION OR BEHAVIOR, IN SHORT, THE EFFECTS E.G.
VISUAL (SIGHT), OLFACTORY (SMELL), CUTANEOUS (TOUCH), AUDITORY (HEARING),
GUSTATORY (TASTE).

SEXUAL DEVIANCY – A SEXUAL BEHAVIOR THAT SEEKS STIMULATION AND SEXUAL

GRATIFICATION BY MEANS OTHER THAN HETEROSEXUAL RELATION.

SEXUALITY OR HETEROSEXUALITY – THE ONLY NORMAL SEXUAL RELATION BETWEEN

MEMBERS OF THE OPPOSITE SEX THAT COULD LEAD TO REPRODUCTION.

SOCIAL LEARNING THEORIES - THIS THEORY ADVOCATE THAT PERSONALITY TRAITS ARE
THE RESULT OF LEARNING AS ONE INTERACTS WITH PEOPLE. PERSONALITY IS MAINLY
COMPOSED OF HABITS AND LEARNED RESPONSES TO STIMULI IN THE ENVIRONMENT.

SOCIAL TRAITS – THE INDIVIDUAL’S ABILITY TO GET ALONG FINE WITH OTHERS.

SOCIOPATHIC PERSONALITY – HIGHLY IMPULSIVE AND UNABLE TO DELAY GRATIFICATION

SO THAT IF HOSTAGE IS A WOMAN, RAPING HER IS A PROBABILITY.

SUBLIMATION – IS THE CHANGING OF UNACCEPTABLE ID IMPULSES OR NEEDS INTO

SOCIALLY AND CULTURALLY ACCEPTABLE CHANNELS OR MEANS. IT IS ALSO A POSITIVE
AND CONSTRUCTIVE MECHANISM FOR DEFENDING AGAINST OTHERWISE UNACCEPTABLE
IMPULSES AND NEEDS. SUCH AS WHEN A HOMOSEXUAL WORKS AS A PHYSICAL THERAPIST
AND FINDS SEXUAL SATISFACTION IN PERFORMING HIS JOB, IN MEETING HIS NEEDS AND
IMPULSES.

SUBSTITUTION - IS RESORTED TO, WHEN AN UNATTAINABLE OR UNACCEPTABLE GOAL,

EMOTION, OR OBJECT IS REPLACED BY ONE THAT IS ATTAINABLE OR ACCEPTABLE.

SUPPRESSION – IS A CONSCIOUS ACTIVITY BY WHICH AN INDIVIDUAL ATTEMPTS TO FORGET

EMOTIONALLY DISTURBING THOUGHTS AND EXPERIENCES BY PUSHING THEM OUT OF
ONE’S MIND SUCH AS, WHEN A PERSON ATTEMPTS TO FORGET EMOTIONAL PAIN BY LOSING
HIMSELF IN HIS WORK.

STOCKHOLM SYNDROME MAY DEVELOP – WHICH REFERS TO THE UNUSUAL DEVELOPMENT

OF MUTUAL POSITIVE FEELINGS BETWEEN THE HOSTAGE AND HOSTAGE-TAKER FOR EACH
OTHER THAT EVENTUALLY RESULTS TO NEGATIVE FEELINGS AGAINST THE AUTHORITIES.

SYMBOLIC - ARE BEHAVIORS THAT ARE USUALLY CARRIED OUT BY MEANS OF UNSAID
WORDS, AND SHOWN THROUGH SYMBOLS OR BODY SIGNS.

TERRORIST – WITH POLITICAL PURPOSE OR AGENDA. THEY USE THREATS AND

HARASSMENT TO CREATE AN ATMOSPHERE OF FEAR, DISREGARDING WOMEN AND
CHILDREN AS VICTIMS. THEY ARE ONLY LOYAL TO THEMSELVES AND OTHER ALLIED
GROUPS AND WILLING TO GIVE LIFE AS PART OF MARTYRDOM.

TRANSVERTISM – GRATIFICATION IS TAKEN FROM WEARING CLOTHES OF THE OPPOSITE

SEX AND ACTING THEIR OPPOSITE ROLES.

UNCONSCIOUS MOTIVES – INCLUDES MOSTLY GENERAL DRIVES SUCH AS CURIOSITY,

MATERNAL INSTINCT AND JUST BEING NICE AS A NATURAL DRIVE.

VOYEURISM – SEXUAL GRATIFICATION IS ATTAINED BY WITNESSING A NUDE MAN AND

WOMAN IN THE ACTUAL SEXUAL ACT. THE SEXUALLY DEVIANT PERSON IS ALSO KNOWN AS
PEEPING TOM.