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This unit presents the results and discussion of the study based on conceptual framework.
This study aims to evaluate the design mixture in terms of its mechanical properties, such as
ASTM D3203 (“Standard Test Method for Percent Air Voids in Compacted Dense and Open
Bituminous Paving Mixture”), AASHTO T165 (“Standard Test Method for Effect of Water on
(“Standard Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Materials”). All test were performed in
the Department of Public Works and Highways Bureau of Research and Standards under the
supervision of three laboratory technician and the assistant chief director of the asphalt section,
Engr. Cielito .
Table 1.
Cumulative
Sieve Size Required % % Difference Weight (g) Weight (g)
¾” 100% -- -- --
Computation of Table 1
3/8” = 93% - 41% = 52% 0.52 (1200g) = 624g 84g + 624g = 708g
No. 4 = 41% - 20.5% = 20.5% 0.205 (1200g) = 246g 708g + 246g = 954g
No. 8 = 20.5% - 16% = 4.5% 0.045 (1200g) = 54g 954g + 54g = 1008g
Table 2.
Cumulative
Sieve Size Required % % Difference Weight (g) Weight (g)
¾” 100% -- -- --
3/8” = 96% - 44% = 52% 0.52 (1200g) = 624g 48g + 624g = 672g
No. 4 = 44% - 23.5% = 20.5% 0.205 (1200g) = 246g 672g + 246g = 918g
No. 8 = 23.5% - 16% = 7.5% 0.075 (1200g) = 90g 918g + 90g = 1008g
Table 3.
Cumulative
Sieve Size Required % % Difference Weight (g) Weight (g)
¾” 100% -- -- --
IA 97% 3% 36g 36g
Computation of Table 3
3/8” = 97% - 47% = 50% 0.50 (1200g) = 600g 36g + 600g = 636g
No. 4 = 47% - 22% = 25% 0.25 (1200g) = 300g 636g + 300g = 936g
𝑐𝑚3 mm in.
Computation of Table 5
Note: Computation for correlation ratio were tabulated using interpolation method under table 4.
Marshall Method Surface & Base Surface & Base Surface & Base
Compaction, number
of blows each end of 35 50 75
specimen
Flow, 0.25mm 8 18 8 16 8 14
NOTES
1. All criteria, not just stability alone, must be considered in designing an asphalt
paving mix. Hot mix asphalt bases that do not meet these criteria when tested at
60℃ (140 deg. F) are satisfactory if they meet the criteria when tested at 38℃
(100 deg. F) and are placed 100mm (4inches) or more below the surface. This
recommendation applies only to regions having a range of climatic conditions
similar to those prevailing throughout most of the United States. A different lower
test temperature may be considered in regions having more extreme climatic
conditions.
2. Traffic classifications
Light Traffic conditions resulting in a Design EAL < 104
Medium Traffic conditions resulting in a Design EAL between 104 and 106
Heavy Traffic conditions resulting in a Design EAL > 106
3. Laboratory compaction efforts should closely approach the maximum density
obtained in the pavement under traffic.
4. The flow value refers to the point where the load begins to decrease.
5. The portion of asphalt cement lost by absorption into the aggregate particles must
be allowed for when calculating percent air voids
6. Percent voids in the minimal aggregate are to be calculated on the basis of the
ASTM bulk specific gravity for the aggregate.
Table 7:
AVERAGE BSG:
AVERAGE BSG:
C1 1241.4 709.2 1272.5 2.20
AVERAGE BSG:
Air (g)
Computation of Table 7: BSG =
SSD (g) −H2 O (g)
1218.2 1257.7
A1 = = 2.29 A2 = = 2.28
1248.9 − 717.8 1287.7− 737.0
1224.7 2.29+2.28+2.27
A3 = = 2.27 Aave. = = 2.28
1257.8 − 719.2 3
1261.9 1245.1
B1 = = 2.26 B2 = = 2.17
1291.2 –732.5 1285.1 –712.3
1234.1 2.26+2.17+2.21
B3 = = 2.21 Bave. = = 2.21
1264.5−708.5 3
1241.4 1233.0
C1 = = 2.20 C2 = = 2.18
1272.5 –709.2 1264.2− 697.9
1257.4 2.20+2.18+2.08
C3 = = 2.08 Cave. = = 2.15
1294.9 − 690.8 3
Table 8: Stability and Flow
A1 47 32
A2 43 38
A3 41 37
B1 43 32
B2 44 34
B3 41 36
C1 45 37
C2 43 33
C3 52 28
A1 – A2 B1 – B2 C1 – C2
Note:
Computation of Table 9
Wt. of sample
Gmm =
(Wt. of sample+Wt. of container w/ water)−Wt. of sample after vacuum
For A1 – A2
2451.8
Gmm = = 2.62
(2458.1+7681.5)−9197.5
For B1 – B2
1500
Gmm = = 2.60
(1500+7681.5)−8610.0
For C1 – C2
1500
Gmm = = 2.61
(1500+7681.5)−8607.2
(different specimens with varying percentage of aggregate sizes) (WALA PANG
PROPORTION)
Results of (test)
Table 2.
Properties of Materials
(Discuss…..)
Technical Specifications
This specifications establishes the principles to be followed in the design mix and the
kinds of materials to be used for the design of a reformulated porous asphalt. This also entails the
101.1 - Aggregates
combination of two. The maximum size of coarse aggregate used shall not exceed 19 mm and
shall conform to the applicable requirements of Item 703 (DPWH Bluebook), Aggregates.
Aggregates.
The mineral filler to be used shall be Portland cement and it shall conform to the
Polymer modified bitumen should not be heated above 200°C. The ideal mixing temperature
should be established prior to blending and may be determined by using a Bitumen Test Data
Chart, plotting viscosity with respect to temperature. Mixing temperature must not exceed 180°C
The proportion of polymer modified bitumen shall be 4.0 to 5.5 percent for Type I and
4.5 to 6.5 percent by total dry aggregate weight for Type II. The exact percentage to be used
shall be fixed by the Engineer in accordance with the job-mix formula and other quality control
requirements. Samples shall be taken from the hot bins in the asphalt plant. Sieve analysis shall
be carried out on the samples and the proportioning of the mixture will be based on the results
obtained.
The percent void content of porous asphalt mixture shall be designed by adjusting the
ratio of fine and coarse aggregates. The following gradation is recommended to yield a higher
percentage of voids, high stability and requirements necessary in the design of the mix.
Test of materials and of concrete shall be made in accordance with standards of ASTM
Standards for the physical and mechanical testing of fine and coarse aggregates.
The "slump" test shall be based on American Society for Testing and Materials C 143.
Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens” (ASTM C 39) and “Method of test for
Beam type for strength test shall be taken in accordance with “Method of test for Flexural
Program of Works
The method used to determine the number of days that the project will be completed is
through the PERT/CPM, in which it indicates the number of hour each laborer could perform in
a day.
Table 5.
IMMEDIATE
ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION PREDECESSOR a M B
A Develop initial mix design 1 2 3
B Finalize mix design A 1 2 3
C Canvassing of materials B 1 2 3
D Buying of materials C 2 3 4
E Making formworks D 2 3 4
F Submerging jute E 20 21 22
G Sun-drying of jute F 1 2 3
Cutting and shredding of
H jute fiber G 2 3 4
Mixing concrete (28 day
I specimen) H 1 2 3
J Curing(28 day specimen) I 27 28 29
Mixing concrete (14 day
K specimen) H 1 2 3
L Curing(14 day specimen) K 13 14 15
Mixing concrete (7 day
M specimen) H 1 2 3
N Curing(7day speciment) M 6 7 8
O Testing of specimen J,L,N 1 2 3
Expected time
a+4m+b
𝑡=
6
1+4(2)+3 1+4(2)+3
𝑡𝐴 = =2 𝑡𝐼 = =2
6 6
1+4(2)+3 27+4(28)+29
𝑡𝐵 = =2 𝑡𝐽 = =28
6 6
1+4(2)+3 1+4(2)+3
𝑡𝐶 = =2 𝑡𝐾 = =2
6 6
2+4(3)+4 13+4(14)+15
𝑡𝐷 = =3 𝑡𝐿 = = 14
6 6
2+4(3)+4 1+4(2)+3
𝑡𝐸 = =3 𝑡𝑀 = =2
6 6
20+4(21)+22 6+4(7)+8
𝑡𝐹 = = 21 𝑡𝑁 = =7
6 6
1+4(2)+3 1+4(2)+3
𝑡𝐺 = =2 𝑡𝑂 = =2
6 6
2+4(3)+4
𝑡𝐻 = =3
6
Variances
ACTIVITY T 𝜎2
A 2 days 0.82
B 2 days 0.82
C 2 days 0.82
D 3 days 0.82
E 3 days 0.82
F 21 days 0.82
G 2 days 0.82
H 3 days 0.82
I 2 days 0.82
J 28 days 0.82
K 2 days 0.82
L 14 days 0.82
M 2 days 0.82
N 7 days 0.82
O 2 days 0.82
The total number of working days for the completion of the proposed project study is 72 days.
I J
START A B C D E F G H FINI
K L G
SH
M N
Explanation
Summary of different test with explanation and bill of materials / cost estimate