K L University

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

Question Bank for IV Year B. Tech
A.Y.2016-17, Odd Semester
Radar and Navigational Aids (CO-3)&TEST-3

S.No Question Marks

a) Explain the importance of Duplexers in detail?
5
1
b) Distinguish between the branch-type and balanced duplexers.
5
a) Explain how circulators act as duplexers? 5
2 b) What do you mean by solid state receiver protectors and explain diode limiters?
5
a) Write a short note on i)Pre TR Limiter ii) multiplicactor.
5
3
b) Mention the advantages of Radomes for Radar?
5
a) Explain in detail the construction details of Radomes ?
5
4
b)Derive an expression for noise figure for three cascaded networks?
5
a)Determine the overall noise figure of the system if three network units each of 6 dB noise figure
and 10 dB ,6 dB and 3 dB gains respectively are cascaded ? 5
5
b)Calculate the over all noise figure of receiver if two network units each of 10 dB noise figure 5
and 3 dB and 6dB gains respectively are cascaded ?

a)Explain the importance and principle involved in super heterodyne receiver?

5
6
b)Calculate noise figure of a radar receiver which has an IF bandwidth of 2 MHz with a minimum
receivable power of 118.85 ×10-15 W ? 5

a)Explain different types of mixers used in super heterodyne receivers? 5

7 b)Explain different types of stable oscillators used in Radar receivers ?
5
a)What is the function of duplexer in Radar and Explain the operation of balanced duplexer with a
5
neat diagram
8
b)Explain the principle behind the operation of duplexers and receiver protectors
5
a)Explain the significance of A/D converters? 5
9
b)Describe briefly various visual displays to view echo signals in radar systems
5
a)Explain various deflection modulation displays ?
10 5
b)Explain the importance of intensity modulation displays in detail 5
11 a)Explain the characteristics of radar display units? 5
 b)Write a short note on (i) P-Scope radar display (ii) L-Scope radar display? 5

b)Explain the significance of Digital Receivers? 5

12
a)Calculate the minimum receivable signal in a radar receiver operating in standard ambient
5
temperature, which has an IF bandwidth of 2 MHz and noise figure of 12 dB.
a)Explain a method for jamming enemy trackers? 5
b)A low power radar has a receiver whose noise figure is5.3 dB. If the antenna diameter is 1.5 m.
13 the operating frequency is 8.1 GHz and the radar set is supposed to be capable of detecting targets
5
of 5 m2 cross –sectional area at a maximum distance of 15 km. What must be the peak transmitted
power?
a)Explain briefly how radiation will be affected by atmosphere? 5
14 b)A radar system operates at 6 GHz, 3 MW power output. If the antenna diameter is 5 m and the
receiver bandwidth is 1.5 MHz and has a 12 dB noise figure, what is the maximum detection 5
range for 1 m2 target?
a)Explain scanning technique for early warning with Principle ?
5
15
b)Write a short note on accuracy and acquisition ?
5
a)Compare resolution with accuracy and Accuracy ?
5
16
b)Explain the importance of Radar displays in detail?
5
a)Derive an expression for noise figure for two cascaded networks?
5
17 b)A square law detector integrates 10 signal plus noise pulses along with 30 noise pulses.
If integration loss for signal + noise pulses (40) is 3.5 dB and integration loss due to noise 5
pulses (10) is 1.7 dB. Determine collapsing loss of the radar antenna?
a)Explain the importance of mixers in a receiver circuit? 5
b)What is the maximum power received at a distance of 0.5 km over a free space for 1
18 GHz frequency. System consisting of a transmitting antenna with a 2.5 dB gain and a
5
receiving antenna with a 20 dB gain? The transmitting antenna is fed with 150 watt
power.