Case Title: Topic:

National Power Corporation v. City of Cabanatuan Taxation

Date: April 9, 2003
Ponente: Puno
Nature of the Case: A petition for review of the Decision and the Resolution of the CA finding NAPOCOR liable to pay franchise tax to City of Cabanatuan
Petitioner: National Power Corporation
Respondent: City of Cabanatuan

Doctrine:
 The power to tax is the most effective instrument to raise needed revenues to finance and support myriad activities of the local government units for the delivery of basic services
essential to the promotion of the general welfare and the enhancement of peace, progress, and prosperity of the people. As this Court observed in the Mactan case, “the original
reasons for the withdrawal of tax exemption privileges granted to government-owned or controlled corporations and all other units of government were that such privilege
resulted in serious tax base erosion and distortions in the tax treatment of similarly situated enterprises.” With the added burden of devolution, it is even more imperative for
government entities to share in the requirements of development, fiscal or otherwise, by paying taxes or other charges due from them.
 Taxation assumes even greater significance with the ratification of the 1987 Constitution. The power to tax is no longer vested exclusively on Congress; local legislative bodies
are now given direct authority to levy taxes, fees and other charges pursuant to Sec. 5 Art. X of the 1987 Constitution (Each Local Government unit shall have the power to create
its own sources of revenue, to levy taxes, fees and charges subject to such guidelines and limitations as the Congress may provide, consistent with the basic policy of local
autonomy. Such taxes, fees and charges shall accrue exclusively to the Local Governments), and hence, the creation of LGC (Sec. 3, Art. X). This paradigm shift results from the
realization that genuine development can be achieved only by strengthening local autonomy and promoting decentralization of governance.
Relevant Provisions: guys super important ng provs na ito don’t disregard :))
 Sec. 37, Ordinance No.165-92. Imposition of Tax—Notwithstanding any exemption granted by law or other special law, there is hereby imposed an annual tax on a business
enjoying franchise at a rate of 75% of 1% of the gross receipts for the preceding year realized within the territorial jurisdiction of Cabanatuan City.
 Sec. 13, RA 6395 (Act revising the charter of NAPOCOR) Non-profit Character of the Corporation; Exemption from all Taxes, Duties, Fees, Imposts and Other Charges by
Government and Governmental Instrumentalities.—The Corporation shall be non-profit and shall devote all its return from its capital investment, as well as excess revenues from
its operation, for expansion.
 Sec. 193, LGC. Withdrawal of Tax Exemption Privileges.- Unless otherwise provided in this Code, tax exemptions or incentives granted to, or presently enjoyed by all persons,
whether natural or juridical, including government owned or controlled corporations, except local water districts, cooperatives duly registered under R.A. No. 6938, non-stock and
non-profit hospitals and educational institutions, are hereby withdrawn upon the effectivity of this Code
 Sec. 137, LGC. Franchise Tax.—Notwithstanding any exemption granted by any law or other special law, the province may impose a tax on businesses enjoying a franchise, at a rate
not exceeding fifty percent (50%) of one percent (1%) of the gross annual receipts for the preceding calendar year based on the incoming receipt, or realized, within its territorial
jurisdiction.
 In the case of a newly started business, the tax shall not exceed one-twentieth (1/20) of one percent (1%) of the capital investment. In the succeeding calendar year, regardless of
when the business started to operate, the tax shall be based on the gross receipts for the preceding calendar year, or any fraction thereof, as provided herein.
 Sec. 151, LGC. Scope of Taxing Powers.—Except as otherwise provided in this Code, the city, may levy the taxes, fees, and charges which the province or municipality may impose:
Provided, however, That the taxes, fees and charges levied and collected by highly urbanized and independent component cities shall accrue to them and distributed in accordance
with the provisions of this Code. The rates of taxes that the city may levy may exceed the maximum rates allowed for the province or municipality by not more than fifty percent
(50%) except the rates of professional and amusement taxes.
Facts:
 NAPOCOR is a government-owned and controlled corporation created under Commonwealth Act 120. It is tasked to undertake the “development of hydroelectric generations of
power and the production of electricity from nuclear, geothermal, and other sources, as well as, the transmission of electric power on a nationwide basis.”
 For many years now, NAPOCOR sells electric power to the residents of Cabanatuan City, posting a gross income of P107,814,187.96 in 1992. Pursuant to Sec. 37 of Ordinance
No.165-92, Cabanatuan City assessed the petitioner a franchise tax amounting to P808,606.41, representing 75% of 1% of the latter’s gross receipts for the preceding year.
 NAPOCOR refused to pay the tax assessment arguing that the respondent has no authority to impose tax on government entities. It also contended that as a non-profit
organization, it is exempted from the payment of all forms of taxes, charges, duties or fees in accordance with Sec. 13 of RA 6395, as amended.
 Cabanatuan City filed a collection suit in the RTC, demanding that petitioner pay the assessed tax due, plus surcharge. It alleged that NAPOCOR’s exemption from local taxes has
been repealed by Sec. 193 of the LGC.
 RTC upheld NAPOCOR’s tax exemption. On appeal, the CA reversed the trial court’s Order on the ground that Sec. 193, in relation to Sections 137 and 151 of the LGC, expressly
withdrew the exemptions granted to the petitioner.
Issue 1: WON NAPOCOR is excluded from the
coverage of the franchise tax simply because its
stocks are wholly owned by the National
Government and its charter characterized is as a
‘non-profit organization’? NO.
Issue 2: WON Cabanatuan City government has  Sec. 137 of the LGC does not admit any exception. In City Government of San Pablo, Laguna v. Reyes, MERALCO’s exemption
the authority to issue Ordinance No. 165-92 and
impose an annual tax on “businesses enjoying a
franchise”?
YES.
Ratio:
 In its specific sense, a franchise may refer to a general or primary franchise, or to a special or secondary franchise. The
former relates to the right to exist as a corporation, by virtue of duly approved articles of incorporation, or a charter
pursuant to a special law creating the corporation. The right under a primary or general franchise is vested in the
individuals who compose the corporation and not in the corporation itself. On the other hand, the latter refers to the right
or privileges conferred upon an existing corporation such as the right to use the streets of a municipality to lay pipes of
tracks, erect poles or string wires
o Congress unmistakably defined a franchise in the sense of a secondary or special franchise. This is to avoid any
confusion when the word franchise is used in the context of taxation. As commonly used, a franchise tax is “a tax on
the privilege of transacting business in the state and exercising corporate franchises granted by the state.” It is not
levied on the corporation simply for existing as a corporation, upon its property or its income, but on its exercise of
the rights or privileges granted to it by the government.
o In simpler terms, Congress defines franchise tax is imposed based not on the ownership but on the exercise by the
corporation of a privilege to do business. The taxable entity is the corporation which exercises the franchise, and not
the individual stockholders. By virtue of its charter, NAPOCOR was created as a separate and distinct entity from the
National Government. It can sue and be sued under its own name, and can exercise all the powers of a corporation
under the Corporation Code. Moreover, the ownership by the National Government of its entire capital stock does
not necessarily imply that NAPOCOR is not engaged in business.
 Sec. 2 of PD 2029 classifies government-owned or controlled corporations (GOCCs) into those
performing governmental functions and those performing proprietary functions. Governmental
functions are those pertaining to the administration of government, and as such, are treated as absolute
obligation on the part of the state to perform while proprietary functions are those that are undertaken
only by way of advancing the general interest of society, and are merely optional on the government.
Included in the class of GOCCs performing proprietary functions are “business-like” entities such as
NAPOCOR.
 Pursuant to this mandate, petitioner generates power and sells electricity in bulk. Certainly, these
activities do not partake of the sovereign functions of the government. They are purely private and
commercial undertakings, albeit imbued with public interest. The public interest involved in its
activities, however, does not distract from the true nature of the petitioner as a commercial
enterprise,
 Verily, to determine whether NAPOCOR is covered by the franchise tax in question, the following requisites should concur: (1)
that petitioner has a “franchise” in the sense of a secondary or special franchise; and (2) that it is exercising its rights or
privileges under this franchise within the territory of the respondent city government. NAPOCOR met this two.
from the payment of franchise taxes was brought as an issue before this Court. It was held:
o “It is our view that petitioners correctly rely on provisions of Sections 137 and 193 of the LGC to support their position that
MERALCO’s tax exemption has been withdrawn. The explicit language of section 137 which authorizes the province to
impose franchise tax ‘notwithstanding any exemption granted by any law or other special law’ is all-encompassing and
clear. The franchise tax is imposable despite any exemption enjoyed under special laws.
 Sec. 193 of the LGC buttresses the withdrawal of extant tax exemption privileges. By stating that unless otherwise provided in
this Code, tax exemptions or incentives granted to or presently enjoyed by all persons, whether natural or juridical, including
government-owned or controlled corporations except (1) local water districts, (2) cooperatives duly registered under R.A.
 6938, (3) non-stock and non-profit hospitals and educational institutions, are withdrawn upon the effectivity of this code, the
obvious import is to limit the exemptions to the three enumerated entities. It is a basic precept of statutory construction that
the express mention of one person, thing, act, or consequence excludes all others as expressed in the familiar maxim expressio
unius est exclusio alterius.
 READING TOGETHER SECTIONS 137 AND 193, we conclude that under the LGC the local government unit may now impose a
local tax at a rate not exceeding 50% of 1% of the gross annual receipts for the preceding calendar based on the incoming
receipts realized within its territorial jurisdiction. The legislative purpose to withdraw tax privileges enjoyed under existing law
or charter is clearly manifested by the language used on Sections 137 and 193 categorically withdrawing such exemption
subject only to the exceptions enumerated. Since it would be not only tedious and impractical to attempt to enumerate all the
existing statutes providing for special tax exemptions or privileges, the LGC provided for an express, albeit general, withdrawal
of such exemptions or privileges. No more unequivocal language could have been used.
Dispositive Portion:
Instant petition DENIED.