Jujutsu.

柔術
Jujutsu is a Japanese martial art and a method of close combat for defeating an
armed and armored opponent in which one uses no weapon or only a short weapon.
Jū can be translated to mean gentle, soft, supple, flexible, pliable, Jutsu can be
translated to mean art or technique and represents manipulating the opponents force
against himself rather than confronting it with ones own force. Jujutsu developed to
combat the samurai of feudal Japan as a method for defeating an armed and
armored opponent in which one uses no weapon, or only a short weapon. Because
striking against an armored opponent proved ineffective, practitioners learned that
the most efficient methods for neutralizing an enemy took the form of pins, joint locks
and these techniques were developed around the principle of using an attackers
energy against him, rather than directly opposing it. There are many variations of the
art, which leads to a diversity of approaches, Jujutsu schools may utilize all forms of
grappling techniques to some degree. In addition to jujutsu, many schools teach the
use of weapons, today, jujutsu is practiced in both traditional and modern sports
forms. Jujutsu, the current standard spelling, is derived using the Hepburn
romanization system, since Japanese martial arts first became widely known of in the
West in that time period, these earlier spellings are still common in many places. Ju-
Jitsu is still a common spelling in France, Canada, the United Kingdom, some define
jujutsu and similar arts rather narrowly as unarmed close combat systems used to
defeat or control an enemy who is similarly unarmed. Basic methods of attack include
hitting or striking, thrusting or punching, kicking, throwing, pinning or immobilizing,
strangling, as jujutsu is a collective term, some schools or ryu adopted the principle of
ju more than others. Furthermore, the term jujutsu was also used to refer to tactics for
infighting used with the warriors major weapons, katana or tachi, yari, naginata.
These close combat methods were an important part of the different martial systems
that were developed for use on the battlefield and they can be generally
characterized as either Sengoku Jidai katchu bu Jutsu or yoroi kumiuchi, or Edo Jidai
suhada bu Jutsu. The Chinese character 柔 is the same as the first one in 柔道/judo,
the Chinese character 術 is the same as the second one in 武術. The original forms
of such as Takenouchi-ryū also extensively taught parrying and counterattacking long
weapons such as swords or spears via a dagger or other small weapon. The term
jūjutsu was not coined until the 17th century, after which time it became a term for a
wide variety of grappling-related disciplines and techniques. Prior to that time, these
skills had names such as short sword grappling, grappling, body art, softness, art of
harmony, catching hand, and even the way of softness. Today, the systems of
unarmed combat that were developed and practiced during the Muromachi period are
referred to collectively as Japanese old-style jujutsu. In battle, it was impossible for a
samurai to use his long sword or polearm. When fully armored, the use of such minor
weapons necessitated the employment of grappling skills