rI gIUDY OT' T}TE T'OUND},TTON I¡.

,{TITIRE

of the
TR,¿itfS C01VA GR.&IN EI,EVA f OR

.& thesis
Fresented to
the tr"aeulty of Graduate Studies
The University of Manitoba

in Partial tr'ulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Master of $cience in Civit Engineering

'by
lifiichael Bozozuk
lreyE ]'95+
 - .{CTNTOI¡fI,E DGEN-LENT S

The author wishes to express his appreciation to

Assistant Professor À. Baracos for his helpful suggestÍons
and criticisms. Acknowledgements are also due to the
National Research Council of Canada, Division of Buitding
Researchu wbo assisted financially,
 ÀBSTRACT

 sTupy oF rnE gouNpåTros FÀrtrfRE

of lhe

by
Miehael Bozozub

The failure of the grain elevator provid.ed. an opportunity

to check bearing capacity theories as failure load and. nature of
the foundation are knovvn" Thin vualled shelby tubes uiere used. to
obtain undisturbed soil samples from the ^seven test holes d.rilled
at convenient locatiofiso The soils tests rvere performed at the
university of Manltoba civil Engineering $oils laboratory,
Three bearing capacity theories were checked and compared.
with the actual failure 1oad. The results;

Prandtl - Buismâ,n 3rO25 psf "

tr'eIlenius 5 ,O7O psf "

Terzaghi 61235 psf.

.åctual failure load 6rL5O psf ,

indicate that only the Terzaghi rheory is appticable to the

Transcona Grain Slevator tr'ailure,
 This thesis was sponsored by 'r,he National Research
Council of Canadae Division of Building Researeh" Fermission
must be obtained frorn the sponsor before all oroart of the
thesis may be published.
 - TABLE oF gqNTE-i\Ug -
CHAPTER T

Synopsisu. G. ( c ( e û c c o o o o o o o o o o o o s o o o € e o o c ø o o
" ooece G 1
Ðescription of the Eleva,tor"o o ó. c o c o c c o o se o ooooo o e 1
The general layouto o o. oo o o e o o o o c o o o o o o. o ooooo 1
The workhouseo. o o o oo 6 o so ooo e o o. o o ô o e o ooo 6o oo o 3
Sixty-Five circltlar binsoe. o o. o ô. c o e o., o 6 o. oo 3
Nature of Failuf€ouo o. o.. o c o o o o ô o ô. êo ô.oo o o o o c o o o o 4
Storagec o ô c c ô o o c . e o . o o . o ., o o c o o . c . o q o o, ê o o o o o 4
Calculatioxl,.eooooo o oo o oe oo oo o o o. o. êo o o ó o o 6 oo o 6

CTTAPTER TT

Theory; Bea.ring Capacity of Cohesive Soils ø. . ø ø ø ê ø B

P¡andtl-Buisman.... o. c c... c c o oo c o o o e c c o o o o â, o 8
The Fellenius solutiorl . n n..o o aa o. o ó a c o.oo o o6o 11
The TerzagLtj. Solution.,! o. o oô.. o oo o c o o oc e. c o c I2
CHÁPTER TTI

Nature of rnvestigationc. o c c oo. o cooe ooo c o! o o os..o. 18

Field Tiorko. . c e o c c o o. o. . . o . o c c e . e . c. o ê c o e o o o o o c o. o 18
Ïraboratory l/orko o o o o o o o. o. o. oo, e c. c o e ô o o e o oo c o e . o o 22
CIT/àPÎER IV
ResUltso.... o o c o o.... e.9 c o.. c o c.. c. o. a.. c. o. o o c e o. 24
Sumnrary of Results.. oce . c. c...... .. øo c.. €... c. c ô. o 40
,Sample Calculatj-ons for tltimate Bearing Capacity. 42
CTTAPTER V

Discussion
Soils Description and ClassificatioRo n o. ocooo c. eo. 43
Remoldin$n, c. . o . . . .. . o. r . o . . c . . . . . o o c c c a , c e . . . o o o o 44
CohesioÌ1 .. e. ô o o. . .. o . o c .. o. . e o c o e o o o o c o e o. o . !. o o o o 45
ultimate Searing capacityo o ø. o.. o o. c. oc o o e o.. o eo oo 46
Thg Prandtl-Suisman Solutioncooo oeoo.. co.o ooo +6
the Fellenius Solutiofluu ocoe oo. c..o oo. o. occôo 47
The Terzaghi Solutiollo o o o o c o c q o o c o o c o. e o oc coo 47
Cause of rtailurg'.. o o. o.o o o co ó o. o o o. o. o oo o. e o o o öoo 47
consolidation Curveso c s o o o. o.. c o c c. c c o. c eo o c...o o. 4å
Funpinge o s o c ô o o o. o o. o o o.. o è o ø o ô o ø ø eø øe @o o e oeøoo ooo 48
Conclusiong o . o . . c o o o o o o c o o o . c o o c o o o e o o o o o. c o ¿ o c o o e 49
Bibliographyco o o o o o c o o o o o e o ê o o o o o s c ó o o e o e o øø. cø ø øø 5o
 IIST OT' FIGT]RES

1" Planr Transccrna Grain Elevator and Boringe ¿

20 Section Through Bins - looking South 5

3a Transcona Grain Elevator After Failure 7

3u Closeup of North End of Binhouse 7
4, Prand-t l-Bui sm.an So luti on 9
5. I'e1lenius Solution 9
6. Section Through Sins - looking South I3
Present Position - After Uprighting
7. Bearing Capacity of Soils Terzaghi Curves L4
Ba Sampling Tube and 3a11 Valve L9
8b ilSishtaitn Dri11 Ïfead 19
o I,tethod of Advancing Hole L9
10. tr'ie1d Ðri1ling Operatlons 2L
11" laboratory Tests 23
l-2. Summary Sheet, Test ÏTole No. 1 25

13. Summasy Sheet, lest ÏIole No" 2 26

f4. Summary Sheet, Test Hole No" 3 27
]-5" Summary $heete lest Hole No" 4 28
L6" Summary Sheete Test Hole No. 5 29
17. $ummary Sheet, lest Hole ITo. 6 3o
18. Summary Sheetr Test Hole No" 7 3r
19. Consolidation Results - Hole XTo, + 39
 Ï,ISÍ OT' TABI,ES

]' trabora-tory Test Sumrna.sy Sheet, Test Hole trTo. I 3z

2o I'a.boratory Test Sumniary Sheete lest ï{oIe lto. 2 33

3. laboratory Test $t:mrne¡y Sheet, Test ïïoIe No o 3 3+

4o I'aboratory Teet Sumnary Sheet, Test HoIe No" + 35

5. laboratory Test Sunmary Sheet, Test Hole No" 5 36

6" Laboratory Test Summary Sheet, lest Ilole No
"
6 37
7, laboratory Test Surnmary $b.eet, fest HoIe 1$o, 7 38
o
()o Cohesion vs. Ðepth - tr'or Á"11 Holee 40
o Comparison of Bearing Valtf,es 41
 1'

CEAPÏ'SR T

S]ÍI{OPSTS

The Transcona Miltion Bu.shel Grain Elevator was con-

structed by the Canadian PacÍfic Railway Cornpany to store
the grain conriag from the -lV'estern Provinces on route to the
lakehead. Construction was completed and storage started
late in September of 1913" On October the l8th, 19Ì3, the
binhouse v/as approxinrately three-quarters fulI when settle-
ment was first noticede followed by a Bevere listing of the
structure, This was a type of failure which permits checking
of bearing capacÍty theorlesr lnasmuch as aetual failure load
and the nature of the foundation are known" In October c L952g
seven teet holes were drilled at convenient locations to a
depth of approximately fifty feetr åRd undisturbed soil samples
obtained" Tests were performed at the University of Xflanitoba
Soils laboratory and calculatione made with the object of
checking the theory.

pEgqR r ET r gN_OF TiE_E-ryôTCIR

fþS. æg,eÊal lpfqut of the elevator shorun in figure I

consists of a workhouser TO' x 96t and. 180t high; a binhouseu
77' x ].95t and. 1o2t high; a dryerhouoee 18t x 3or and. 601
LtLgh,ç and a boiler roon equipped with two - one hund.red horse-
power locomotive boi.lers"
 LOCATION OF BORING S

H5 --¿
+ +q

BINHOUS E

l. HI H4

+ +

ló
+

DRYER
HOUSE
WORKHOUSE

PLAN) TRANSCONA OrH,* ELEVATOR SCALÊ: I,= SO

n)
ô
+tz.@.
 3"

The workhouse is a reinforced, concrete structure with

brick curtain vua'ì ls enclosing the top. Tts f loor is
constructed of thirty inch reinforced concrete, The basement
of the vsorkhouse, whích is L6 feet high, contains belts for
transporting grain from cars to conrreyor boots and from binhouse
to workhoLrse. The ground floor houses the cleaning and drying
raachinerye a,bove v¡hich are fifteen bins 13 feet 1n d.iameter and
70 feet hÍgh" "A.bove these bins are floors carrying the rest of
the machinery ,r""*""u."y for the operation of the elevator.
Sixty-five ciEcular biqg arranged in five rows of
thirteen, rest on a twelve inch concrete floor slab naking up
the binhouse. Ëach of the blns have a diameter of 14 feet
4 j-nches a.nd are )2 feet high. The bin wa11s are of six inch
thick concrete wÍth normal steel reinforcing, Total capa.eity
of the elevator 1s one million bushels. Diamond shaped spaces
betv¡een the bins are also used for storage.
Extending for the fulI length of the strueture, the
bins are surmountêd. by a eupola housing top conveyors and
trippers. This equipment is used for the t:urpose of filling
the tanks v¡ith grain. Belovr¡ the floor sfab supporting the
bins are four conveyor-belt tunnels which are seven feet ¡vide
and run the full length of the bínhouse, These tunnels are
formed by sixteen inch concrete wa1ls seven feet high, a.nd
they in turn rest upon a two foot foundation mattress of concrete.
 L

Crosswalks run transverse to the main tunnels under the bin

contacts. They are approximately fifteen inches wide and are
spaced about fifteen feet on center. The original excavation
for the structure had been made to a depth of twelve feet
below prairie Ievel,
1[AT]]RE OF FArrgBE

Whgn stotagg was started in Septe¡aber 1913, consi.-

derable care was taken to regulate the filling of tbe different
binsu ï,arge buildings supported on floating foundations
settled to Éorne extent in this àrea and it was reasoned thåt
settler¿ent could be controlled through loading. Noticeable
settlement began on Oetober 18th, The bins then contained
approximately B75r0O0 bushels. WÍthin an hour after settlement
was first noticed, a vertieal slnklng of about one foot
occurred, This was followed by a stead¡r listing towards the
westr and at the end of twenty-four hours the binhouse rested
at an angle of 260 53t from the vertieal"
^&fter all movenrents had ceased.e it was found. that the
settlement had caused an upheaval, of the earth surrounding
the bÍnse exceeding five feet. Iïowevere no eroËs seetions
were taken of the affected areao In addit,ion, the north end
of the building had settled sone four to five feet more than
the south end; while the west side was twenty-nine feet below
and the east sid-e five feet above the original position"
I'igure 2 shov,¡s the positlon of the building after failulre,
while photographs of the failure and of the righted binhouse
 ORIGINAL POSfTION AFTER SETTLEMENT
ocïoBER t8, t9t3 .

tt
ti

il
li
ii

ii

ii
ll
tl
t1
ii
il
it
ii
ii

il

ii No
Pro ir le ti
Upheovol -
Level *2' rì
ii f' z^/¿N,-
' / '.,ì)
//

T=Tunnel t-/
/-\
Hordpon -, ¡7 n' Poss¡ble Sheor Z one
4.- -- .
riÇ .'
2"o -J
Eldv,-41 . ' E lev -44..9'

F ig. Zb
\^
Ò

sEcTto N TH ROUGH BtNSr LOOKING SOUTH

 6"

are ineluded in figure 3.

Calcul_atiog, ,As the dimensions of the binhouse and
the volume of stored grain rryere known at the time of failure,
it was possible to calculate the bearing value of the soil"
Area of mat footlng = 77 x L95 = L5 rOL5 square feet
Total weight of structure including footings = 20 eO00
tonel
Volume of stored. wheat = 875,OOO bushels
üeight of wheat = BZ5,OOO x 6O_ : 26,ZjO tons
,r000
Total weight on soil at failure 461250 tons
o,
n Maximum bearÍng stress of soil

: 46 e25O x 2 |OA-O- : 6¡150 lbs/sq. ft.

15 r}l'5

1
Ao "411aire, The Failure and Righting of Million Bushel
"4"

Grain Elevatoro Transactions of the A.S.C.E. Vol, 80 o

December, l.]16" Fages 799 to 832.

 fc

';ft:
.t:
'li;
,1,
: '1.

'ß.
,ll
a,:.,,1.::'...

'.:ttalLa:r
::.:a!at(),rj

TRANSCONA GRAIN ELEVAToF AFTER :F.ATIURE;'..,!9I3,

.o.

A*',.t:.ia.
ta|ti .,

CI.oSEUP'. OF NORTH END OF BINHOUSE.

.b.
FrG. 3.
 B.

CHAPTER II
TIIEORYa BEARING CAP.ACITY OI' COTIESTIIE ,5OIIS

of a soil may be determined

An ultimate bearing capaeity
on the basis of a shear failure occurrÍng" Such failures may
occur in th.e form of a logarithmic spiral (fig. 4), a semi*
circle (fie " 5), or some comblnation of both" Tfith reference
to the logarithmic spiral ae the form of fallureo it is
assumed that three zones exist after failure ls reached.
Zone I is the active zone, which acts 1n unison with the
footlng. Zone II is plasticu where radial shear exists, and
Zone III, represents the passive state z,one. (fig. 4a).
Prandlt - Buisman 2 This solution assüeres that the
¡nost dangerous surface of sliding is the logarithraic spiral
(figure +) " Assuming that the soil is incompressilrle and
that the shearing strength of the soil is gfven by;
Ss= c I Srr.tan.f vrithcconstante
the expression for ultimate bearing capacity for any soil becomes;

9u=NuP¡lNcclNsib

2
Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Soil
lfechanics and Sound.ation Engineering. pp 63-65, Vol, 1,
Lg+8
"
 //¿/ a-//t// _:/¿ : /

{o)

F-'-l

(Ð

PRANDTL- BU¡SMAN SOLUTION FELLENIUS SOLUTION

\o
FIG.5 ò
FIG, 4
 10,

]i/here ¿

Qu = U1tim.ate bearing capaeity

Pb : Surcharge beside footing
C = Coheslon
J = Unlt weight of soil
b = Ifidth of footlng
z = Depth of footing
Nc¡ Nb, Ng, are three functíons of ø

ïfihere ¡

rtan. þ 2
Nb
= e tan.(T / L)
42
r tan. / ttan. þ
Nc = e 2cos.ó / (e -l)cot.ó
1 - sín.þ

ft I øn?(!_ I L) /.
Ns=11--_ + ? f3tan.þ tan"(Tr-/-L) tlr
BL, lg(ø"?6) \ 4 2 '
3.t
ì"'""ó ¡ 3 tan./ / ran. (T I
" +,)I
?

/ zeáffi"n'ótun"2tfi I {l z ran. (i / g,)f

l
for ø : 0o, Nb = 1, N" = Ze *U = 0¡ and equation (r) becomes¡

Qu=Pbl2C ( r-a)
If Pb=0,
then gu = 2C ( r-n)
 11,

If the foundation is at a depth z beneath the surface

of the soil thena

Pb = jz and

eu = N¡jz I s"c / Nsib (z)

agaín, if ú = 0o, Nb = 1e Nc = 2e Ng = 0 ancì. equation (Z)

bec omes

= jz { zc
9u (2"¡
The Ee11e4¿us Sollrtion3 ass ume$ thåt the surface of
sliding is circular , fig. 5. lellenius thus obtained an
expression for the ultirnate bearing capacity of a- soi1" X'or
long surface footings and highly cohesiye solls he obtained
the simplified expressione
Qu= 5.5 C (3)

For footíngs below the surface of the ground, the

resulting simplified equation beeolneså
eu = 5,5 c(L / o.3B ã) (+)

Íhe advantage of the circula,r a.rc method is that

it is simple and gives reesonatrle results "

3 Full"rriou Êolution" ilFundamentals of $oi1 Mecha.nicstr by

Taylor p. 573, t948.
 12.

Tefq3ghi Solution
r prês€nts the commonly used ultimate
-nearing capacity f,or soi1s. He å"ssumes that fa.il ure occurË as a

l-ogarithmic spiral (eigure 4) and d-erives his formulae on that

basis. .A distinction is mad-e between local and general shear
failure, and respectlve formulae are developed" The type of
failure is indicated by the kind of settlement undergone" *4
general shear fa.ilure occurs when settlement is gradual up to
a certain point'; then very rapid until failure occurs" local
shear failure occurs when there is no distinction between ra.tes
of settlement. Settlement continues to increase at a more or
less uniform rate fro¡r time of loadÍng until fa,ilure occurs.
-qee fig, 7 (¡),
failure at Transeona was by general shear,
Because
forrnulae pertaining to this type of failure are considered only.
The notation is as followss
q = surcharge
z = depth of footing
Ss : c / S^ Tan,þ (Coulombrs Equation)
where í = angle of shearing resistance
D
"p = Passive earth pressure
Ppn = normaf component of passive earth pressure (Uone I)
C = cohesion
H = height of contact face on which Pp¡1 acts ( zone I)

+ trTheoretical $oi1 Ïr{echanicsrr pp. IIE-133,

Íerzaghi Solution.
XÂay 1947 "
 r?
I-J a

PRESENT POSITION _ AFTER UPRIGHTING

-=---.-àòll-l
i

l--]r-

Too
'l
Of
,-. Fill. Elevotion T LO Top Of Fill Fie'¿otio¡+ t.4
+ -

1l

li
il
I il
ìf r{ -:i -.L]-
--,--,'. ---l--]-- Plmping At Elcvotion - 33 ó
Droinoge To This L-evøi.

DEPTH AFFEr 1'r¡ Br DRATNAGE SYSTEr,,,r : 33.6

SECTI ON THROUGH BINS LOOKING SOUTH

-
FlG. ó.
FtG.7.
 L5.
o¿ :slope angle of the contact face (Zone I)
j = unit weight of soil
consider a shallow footÍng of width 28 resting at a
dept"ll z beneath the ground surface (rie" 4), rhe shearing
resistance (S") of the soil is d.eternined by Coulombts equation.
At the instant of failures the shear stresses otl the contact face
of Zone Ie and Zone II area
Þ
.pn =clp
v r .pr, tan.þ"
eç

The passive earth presÊure pn on each of the contact

faces consists of two components e Pp¡ acting at an angle þ, to the
normar on the contact face and. the ad.hesi.on componenta

a.

The equilibrium of the mass of soil located. within Zone I

must satisfy certain equilibrium conditions. That is, the sumtation
of vertieal forces including the weignt jryZtan ó of the earth in the
zone must equal zeroo
Then Aa / ¡r2ran .6 - zpp -2BC tan.f = g (l)
andr Qa = zpp I zBc tan.f - jÏ.z tan.$ (6)
gives the solution if Pn is knowno The value of Fn for simplified.
v¿ork is siven bya ppo = I nbn) # *¡Hz _fu.
+j.up"
slno( - sino(
0)
Theoretical Soit ftieehanie* (Z)
o*o H = B tanu órd,= t8oo - í, s= ø* c* = c
also Pp = Por- Ð
*pn
=
Cos 6 cos 7
 L6"

then (7) becomese

Pp=
ffitron, I n%n) /t¡szffi"r,
Combiníng with (6),
Qd = a¡G( *'oo I tan.6) I zyo Koq
cos1ó ' cos?ó

where Kp"u ts1rqr KÞj,, are vqhole numbers independ.ent of ZBu

the footing wÍdrth"

toT i = Ou we get
Qc I q,q,
= 2B ( Kp" I tan ó) I zr,q, Kpq
(g)
coszd coa?l

= 2BCNG I Æ-q-Nq

where 6

N* and Nn are pure numbers dependent on þ in Coulombrs

equation
= load the weightless soil would carry Íf e * 0s
Qo
Qq = load the weightless soil would carry if the
bearing capacity were due to surcharge only.
rf c = 0 and. q ã 0 while j is greater than zero, the critical
load due to this ise
qj = j¡a tan f (r<¡¿ -r)
cos?6

= 2B,j3Nj
 L7"

If û,g zs j are greater than zero¡ then

Q¿ = qc / Qu / q¡

= 2EcNc I asar,rn I znz¡N,

butq=jzrthen
Q,¿ = eB(€Nc I izuq / i¡Nj) (ro)
The coefficients Nçr Nq, Nj are the bearing capacity
factors for shaltov¡ continuous footings and d.epend. only on
the angle of shearing resistance 6. texzaginí has plotted
these values on a graph sinplifying computations of bearing
values. $uch a graph is shown in fig " |(aJ "
3or highly cohesive soils anð- ó s O r we get
Nc = lrr l t = 5,?n *n te *j= o
=
with z = 0, Q¿= 23 x (5,7C I ¿z)
and. bearing capacity per unit of a-rea qd. = 5.7C / j^ (ff)
For a perfectly smooth footing base¡
Nc = T( / Z = 5.t+, Nq = le Nj : 0

for z = 0, = 28.(5.I4C I ¡")

Qd
and bearing capacity qd = 5"J4C I j" (fZ)
 18,

CHAPTER TTT

WTG.{TTqU
A programme of obtaining undisturbed soil samples and
laboratory testing was und-ertaken to perroit verification of
bearing capacity theories of large footings on c1ay. Permig-
sion ïllas granted by the Canad-ian Paeific Railway Company to
drill on their lranscona Elevator property while the National
Research Council of Canadae Division of Build-ing Research
aesisted financially. Equipment fror¿ the Manitoba Government
Highways Bra.nch was used and soil sa,mpling commenced on
October 2L, L95Zo

I'ïEI,D ljIiORK

The equipment consisted of a. diamond d.rill (m-f¡

converted to a. soil sampling machine, a water truck with pu¡op

to supply the necessary water, and accessories for sealing and

packing the soil samplesn tr'or drilling the holer a drill head
knovrn as a. rrfish-talItr was used (tig, Bb)" This fish-tail
was threaded at the upper end provÍd-ing a means of attachment
to rods, while the bottom or lower end contained three holes
evenly spaced betirueen the three cutting fins providi-ng an
outlet for water" .411 rods come in ten foot lengths and are
easily assenbled, or dismantled during the drilling operations.
A one inch diameter axial hole runs through these rodsr
through which water is pumped under presÊure"
 Drr ll Revolvcs
Wotcr Prrmped lnto Holc
nø v.¿1
,'Å VÅ Undcr Prcssure
Yt
1(l '/h
+ At tochment T hraod s
f:1 W) *-Tt¡be Adopter
l;:i l:,1
. l-Fìns i2Oo Apurt
Bross Boll Srrfoc e Wqtcr r Cut 1 Tlønchcd Awoy
:.-- Fx it For ts ¿,((9))
\6 // / uI=777É
Clostng Seot For = =tt/=t+=
PLAN
Tr.¡ba Attochment Screws

_-- Yloler rn ie t
* Attochmcnt Thrao ds

Drill Rods

lnc h
ïhin Wolled Sompling Tube Wosfr-Wotcr Corrying Siudge
& Sorl Cuttings To Su¡fæ,c

Wotcr Outiet
il

ELEVATION
Cutting Ëdge
il
,Toecred
SAMPLING TUBE .FISHTAI¿
& BALL VALVE DRILL HEAD METHOD OF
(o) (u) ADVANCING HOLE H
\o
é
FIG 8

h.q
 20.

To obtain unciisturtred soÍl samples ¡ two inc]n thin

walled samplers with ball check va.lves were used.. The check
valve alLowed waste slud-ge to escape through the ports and_
not into the rods when the tube was being forced into the
ground; and formed an airtight seal above the sample with.in
the tut¡e when the tut¡e was being purled out. see figure B(a).
This prevented the loss of any samples d.ue to sucti.on.
the drill was set up at the required location ( see
fig" 1 for the location of borings) and. the topsoil around
the recruired hole was spaded. as/ay, During the drilling
opera,tion, water pumped und-er pressure through the shaft
core into the hole washed the cuttings to the surface where
it was led away by means of a trench (flg. g), Inspection
of the wash water and cuttings at frequent intervals made
it possible to 1og the hole in the field_, This was very
important in detecting the exact depths of any subsoil
changes. samples were obtained. at five foot intervals of
depth or oftener when required; the drilling and sampling
contlnuing until refusal was reached, "411 tubes containing
soil samples were carefully sealed with wax to prevent
moisture lossu capped, labeI1ed, and shipped to the Ïlnlversity
of Ïianitoba Soils latroratory for testing.
Photographs of the drÍlllng operations are sh.ov.'n in
figure 10.
 2].,

HOLE. I FINAL RIGHTED POSITION

DRILL IN PLACE SAMPLING TUBE IN PLACE

HOLE. 7 HOLE. 4.
FtG. to.
 22 ".

I.ABCBÅTOP,Y-\T.ORK

soÍl samples were seared in the field to preveni

TLre
moisture loss and shipped to-the university where they were
stored in a cool moist place until tests could- be performed.
Tests were begun early in November. It was noticed that
sone remolding had occurred arouncl- the outer ed.ge of the
samples" To renove the remolded portlons¡ a sample trimmer
waÊf obtained from the l$ational Research Council a,nd the

tests continued. As all tests were performed in accordance

with standa.rd procedure, the tests and their proeedures are
as follovrs¡
The moisture contentr specific gravity, triaxial
compression and consolidatÍon tests a;re outlined in the
UniversÍty of llanitobae Civil Engineering So11 Testing
Iø.boratory Ma.nua.l, l95Z
Itechanical Analysis of Soils (Hyd.rometer lüethod)
ASTM Ðesignat ion 1422-39
,{tterberg limits ASÏM Designations
|423-39 , D424-39 , D427 -39 "

Photographs of equipment used and of scrne tests are

shown in figure 1,1"
 23."

DISTILLED WATER STILL SOILS DISPERSER

TRIÆ(IAL COMPRESSION HYDROMETER ANALYSIS

ATTERBERG LIMITS, CONSOLIDATION TESTS

tlGrj.1.
 24.

CHAPTER IV

REËUI_TS

the test results for each bore hole ín troth graohical

and tabular fornr are as follov,rs¡
26"
28"
 x .ul PARTICLE ,S IZE UNCONFINED ï
Þ MOISTURE CONTENT Þ
I JJ DISTRIBUTTON STRENGTH PS.E DESCRIPTION AND RÉMARKS À
r¡J
PERC ENT r,¡l
oo PERCENT
ô úü(L ff
H
.-l+ ¡ìr 'i-, ::i:t +r. Ì.1 f
i : tLtï , lÌL
111 r-til ll1i
O TïJ
cR I g I I oR g g g I gE il;lå
1.{1-l il1 I i-ij
t.il l-r i ¡:iil!l.t ì:lii ::i r+H ¡.rl t:l ii j iiil -r!jil l+f til
L! ,.i.,
+!r I Fill Motcriol Consisting Ot Orgonic
JCI .jï
.;l i-r 1
i.ìl ifil iillflrli Utr l. ilri .:ì iil ir++ t I
¡1,
:lj,il j+ 1i: .t + l-:ii+ i+ I r..
f, .il ii+1 il1 i:r i
li:i r-r¡! itil i äfl fir'f i¡;tl iii i.1i Tfi ii 1.1.t 1
r¡ tl , 1{-
!.ì iiii iii JIl Cloy, Mixcd Brown r GrcY CloYs.
*-l i-+ 1iJ +ìi tiì. i*t. ,'t t{1. l1_
ii1 k-i i r-i-r li iì¡i 11 i:I
rlT.:1
ljil
ir+l
i ril tilt
1rÈa li l1 rl ,i f+
lill,
!at ì ìil iì11 |i+ f.l:
!! H EJ 4-¡ t-ifJ ilii ll,ij 'il:l fÎ:_ Ë+l
l 11r-l i lJ, l,Jl
ÍFF: ¡i i.ì 'll TI:;
, +ül
WI -irjj ITJ
,l,rf
lrl
I
t11 H i1# il+i rjiii .¡: il l_Ljj !äi
:1T,1
iT tüi Itl-l 'Ill r1; '¡,rJ ]1iJ ijj ìri lf [1I ilr
tll 1
.-a:T
o+F ]T;; lj. rr{ lrlr
tl Hü i.l-ti
.l1: uj-l I |TÌ rfil: il-r t ¡l-i-l lirl li 1{: 'ill
;Jil irJ 5ri ffi firi ri& i1-11. ilit
,ilil l:il rñ füi +¡ll l-' '1¡t
.l.i_:
li ¡iit
liJ
.1 1l il1{iiË H] l_L-_ L Ltrj 11+l
, ìil :r! tr tiÌÌ ]! TTl; r
tirì It i_t +
St¡ff Brown Vorvcd Ctoy With Silt
¡
:fi: -;:ti fti i
ll ¡+riiill
1.t+-l ll I
it.l ï1 il,i
:rt¡
:+ iË
1fi] L]+ Hall+il
l+l ! tJJ Ì ti iiii il+l Hil ill: jiii ii :ri :i1 iÌtl ;lrHllj: rli
llit ill iii I
illl ,
Itl li l-l iil:l
#J H ul :l-T]Ti r-rË t l-1 li:i+ rliL : i::l rti Pockcts And Some Smql I Stoncs.
nrl ì1l ...ri !i11; I 1tì
:!1i.i ;l+ +r-i f[r r:li: :iJ I i.l
i] ii iifii lrf
f.È ir1: ffi i]1 iïF lrË lñ1 fti '-r..1
llì{ì ì"i1 ' -1 .!1 Lr:l lJtl J-r. r+l-
l-lfl
-r ¡ll
ffi #tfri{ irl +¡* i'll ti .r"t Altcrnota Loycrs Ol Ctoy And Silt
il.1 I ffi I lIl i i1r lli.l i I$i. ¡l II i+t.r ìr.it l.r,l l. ! i i:::
rfi ri.i+ 11fi ìj jj i-ì i:1 li+iT ,i iìii,l i: ii .1
-r li{ tit +H tr llr_f t!,1 iill ffi+jÏ iil iil i t,lif
Iji -rtÌ x
+r-l :i, lt I¡ lr II.ll -liii Exposcd ln Ploccs.
I l.il ilìr :111
iil I : i: r l ,lÏ
+11, l-î1 lr!itl:r¡ ,11ì ,ii, ,ìrr -'it .L- ¡ -r!
1+É1
rfli Fïj t+Èþili li;jiriil lfil il:l Ii :i!: !iLj liJ ü u! 1.;.iit ìi-1,
'rrì ::+1. '
]].l
t11 t.i -¡i. l-| t1 tl11 l Lii . ):.1
iì; tll:l
rî-r* -l_l_.
ii l.:+- iiii iiiï j ;i..1 il¡-
i1'r l!l LHt i+:ìil# nj;l;i !it, r'.1 Ìii iiil r

rtj- !: i:i- r., Lr jl

ffi i1 E',Ti¡]] i;ì-: 1-ì i-r .i'il i:h] ::li Ni
jnr'f :iI ii
1:.i-: r ri+.1 iiii 'i tjj
t1 iK ¡-r.i¡: i:11 :ir I t'ì ;Ìf1 iii Lj:Ll :ii
ll lliri
ll:J i:. .. L-, ¡-:, i+i 1'.n .1.!i
' '1t + ti; J.H :H Lti +i l -
t.ii-i i¡+ i:ii !-bi.i il ,ìi 1
l1¡ -ìi l i,:.2
#iilr
fil ir-r H 1+i ]Ji ,ffijjj rfiì :¡'!l-: l:¡i r.1 !:l+l I l1i itJ ii.l li '1" I
'i.l Dork Grcy Cloy Contoíning Numcrous
::i.-l
ll ¡-- lrr i;; j_riii iTt.
+i11" i l+;i Hli ,r t- ii,i i
t:-r iiiil l1-ll :.i
,tt ull _É i+i +
l-:.::, ¡il ll ¡l la
ri.i
ru lr
r:r t lr ì! i+l qi ll-r tT
l:*' ir.jj ujj i:i-l-ij #i u.u Itr i. l -1r Silt Pockcts, Some Sond And Pebbl cs.
1tÍ:t ]11r 'l# ltrrr I i.;- i l:it ti;i ril rf, i
J LLi 'il'i ¡ i¡_i lrl+ þ¡i ::1i ii f,i li
-l flJ iit; I r::ì-l i+i itt l+i È11
]f,h i fti :-:-Ì: Thc Pcbblcs Arc Angulor Limcstonc. ,
TL +¡a r: .l d+ :,tt
+F r.1:l r l.i Èf lli 1l:l rili l.: l
lr i 'ì tiii t rri LL) l- iiii'
it :; i1 n1r rr'l I,ri i!t tjj :r!! rl|¡t ;.i-- :1,1-.1
ì'i.r
-t+
Ëiirll
#ff
t:atif]
+ i:11
.!l
l-:ir.
: iiï 111
t.i1Ï^i:ll TT hjt i-it l l-i
iiii iit 1iit 11 ItT+ lrl.
l!i
rifi i:-: r ii+i
!J:.1-¡-il ¡ iTli h:il i.ijj ::il lr ItiÉ tli lfrt+ +i tìil
r+ rtfl ¡¡,.i îj Tr irrj i1
_ü.1: Æ ¡i:; 'ììi i! t.¡ri t:
il:I hll -iÌr1l 1l itrii :H _'
l¡:f i ill
,¡.IJ. itd T l:i:l i ir-i t-tr. !ll rl;'f +i]i ;iiì
# +il
1+ liit Íi ;+..¡-i
:dl ++1-] !11¿
Tf lff tìi :]J ¡ Whitc Silty Sond¡l Grovcl
,tr ¡-. i1ìl + r-llJ ii,l I iir iiiii flir Irii i;Il' ì-!li
¡l: lirÌ
J+
i¡r iij
-r!.
r-l-* t-t I t+. ffii FÌ: lri: -i j {l lii;r lill titt iÌ] i ilfi]i r.li
t¡| rlfl iÌll :1 ir Hordpon
Ir+ ttf I+È 1!i! - :r,,1-l -+; I :i] : i Ff+. 11 fî ì1ir
I r1+
tH- ¡;t: i :r1 lÌi1L lli 'lr+ ¡ iìì i
+1¡
.:-l !iL1 ¡ , i+r.
tr+1 r-:11 :l11
flÍ rfï .L.'ljj du ,-'i: *i1 fi ::il
lfrj +H +++ f'*t l:l: 1ìj -uJ I
t-i i :.1 !f ;i+l
F+ ¡4J :i-l
iiil: il fi i.rii l͡t t# iEl tr
1,tj ll'ì r
iill
l+ì '!f lt i-i ii
tiì-l IiË ffii +ii+ iji t1;+ ¡i-ì-r- id t1-Jl 'r11 r I,l-: .Lrri i
:1Tl l:.i1 _i.:i1
+++ tt11 ':l
r.i ',: ! t.i.: ¡.111 t1 i i.i]
i+ l+tl li.i iit rilr t1 it
-FI'+l iil LT:l ir¡ ï HT il-t: i-t!lriI,l l-;!rj; i: .l+
+ i1 ill lrlì lill lì LI]
'rr il 111
il+ i
't fJ Îi Iil tE.1 ¡lrI t4t. lr ;li; l-ìi;. ia l_l -! il
lì+i i:i I 11 L!a ¡l
ì
l-l-! titt ili:r ti'i ti! lrt ti .r1 F;i L¡ ti tll lix l.r ll l; r' J:

¡ -I ilI r!i R+r +;+$

Lii
1-1 r-
r+i t iìl
+i¡ iift {il]# fiJi jrt ijij r1t li+ rilt l tit i:ll:1 î'j +irr
ii i+j t t L'ri 1 :¡.'] iiil ffil
J! rrrl ts.1 + Iil
ii i+ f1 rt! 1r I ,ff ti+ ;i-Ì
+ti I 1,ì+i 'l:l '!lt I ttl r tr i+i i ;ì:
#-+ 1ì: . rll .t¡ ii I i+ iI
SUMMARY SHEET TESTOLE NO:-*-.s-._ -- P RoJ Ec r .H --,Fgun4o-tlon lqv-s.9.ltigqtjqn SOIL MECHANICS LABORATORY
plo¡_. __ - C IVIL EÎ{CIT{EËRIN6 DEPARTMENI
L oc Ar I o N : .*rJANSegl{A-- EBA! r!- ElrlVAro-B}-- . _Scg
ËrlôEÀÉÊ cr érr¡T¡r'lLl'+ 1,4 UNIVERSITY OF MANIÏOBA
DATE:JP8IL_ 'CHECKED BY:
FORÎ GARRY HAHIÎOSA
PLoTTED By.: V._Þo¿oz_uÍ_ _, _ A.EABÀcQs- onte,*19å3-* -- -
 PARTICLE SlZE UNCONFINED
.T
r UJ
t--
MOISTURE CONTE NT STRENGTH PS.E
Þ
(L JJ DISTRIBUTION DESCRIPTION AÑD REMARKS fL
uJ
PERC ENT PERCENT IJ
() oo
ú&o- ô
Ë
.i
ili i1 ti
I ,t., .¡l tlìf iitJ 1lì
1i1 l-; .¡ -l
¡¡t
oR e s:l:ìl I I oR g g g I gE jiiH iii ril
l:- :1..1 ill r¡-¡ 'ili' liiil +rlt Èli ÇtoYs
I !.i_l : rlll r1+ i'r++ ii l;, il::1' jir Fill, Consisting Of Mix¿d
. Lt . !ì:t iil 'ii
1
äî rl; ; .l-1.
i.l i :ll .triJ -.t,¡
iiI l l;!i
i+r l iil i111 ¡lr¡ i
ltri ir: l!irt itl t:11 ii] 1lj ii:l iil lii fi i'¡ll i:ii-L .l-].ilrl: I

ìti :tÍ tr i:..lr

IIi ' ¡ i,l irrrl iil
r
tii i
it
ìi'l ¡
iliT r.l l:!rl ! f iìitl I I
i
Liil
1:ir' r!rll
I irill il;i =i ilrt iil l¡i, i:i! litirl l :.1 l. F! -1.+tl :,1t, :i;!_j lij ,iil iiiI Motcriol.
t+i: fiT ¡ .tsf I I l.l I !1'l And Orgonic
l. i-t illl
iii iiitl: lì, +*
ìii Irlil-'i.l itl i-:: iill
ilï ; i1 i i,i tl rii I
:i'l l'll lt i¡. lrlil !:; I
., !,I iii
I ijîl ilii Éll :i;l ii i,i lli i lll u--]+ iIl ]rlJ + 11.¡l iï J',1]
,l !l l.: i I. ri. Tili ,ri ii¡
i+ì-i !il r it : i:il ll.¡
l1 fìI ,.- i'' ;: l1 :rrl i.l . i:1.
fii
.# ti1i jj! i!
ljji lii !i I Ë _'a t::l ::l-i ;i 1'ljl iË :lr ia i:ll ìt' l.i.
FH i+ii -tsi i: 1¡rï I tlir ;ti i: .i:l-f- Consideroblc. Rcmolding Evidcnt.
.1t l1{r :i- r.ìl ir.it :l-ij r tl I I r+_1 11{
v ,iiii it¡it l i¡ ::tl il t,ili riirl l.t r;: ¿t
ljj liir !ii i;1i :il i-i 1 lll ili i.iri I ir il :-1-:!-l ,llij
:Ë1',] :ìl r ¡i.
:'ìi. r:ì ilj i ¡. {. l1j,¡ i,i 1,, i1
¡1. ll ¡rl ¡tl I-:
iii iij ì
ì1,it j¡ rj ri
ii
:1
riji lii ilri 1-hj
iI¡l r.'1;
jltl .i'ì' ii:ll
i1 : l..r-1
ïätt iì; I ,r'll ¡ir Stiff Brown Vorvcd Cloy'
ill+ i:.1 ¡.t itni ]IT I ¡l ri I ¡l+ 1;iÍ1 l:ti i,l i 11r il'
l- i irf ¡ r:J.t lÌ.1 i i.l rii ii;' ' r ' ¡'ì
1+ fl :1ìíi tsli:' iifi id+ l ì:i i,1i
ït Xi Prc,scnt.
1t1- fli i..i
Silt Pockcts c Orçnic Motcriols
JJ iJ 1 lrì :;li l,i,i:
I il; .1+ t- I t-j I
iir iii EI :t;il 1:1 til i..1 Ì i.i :.:i-:.
li :.i ._r.!
--.+ +# ili ì- l
+l:i :ii
i-l . i.!. r: I rtl ;¡. :ll i .ri Horizontot Strotificotion.
ri il lil l
1i .li
jrii ti irl ril l.!, ñ
+t-
r:ll
.*1 ;+1
:t1l: ,-l
+l 'r,i¡l i-ì- ti::i i.ll :l:1.
!-Lrl :tjj ri¡ i1 ¡l ii, ùr
'Iiirr ];-:-l nï
;. t_l :
Î.1ì
fl ill.
],* L,¡
i.¡ i,ii I
t
.i-1. ;ii :ir:i ill iii ii:l Ì r: i.Í iì l:i ft iifii
'tri 1,.rrrril ll-.1-:1-i 'lti Dork Grcy Ctoy With Longc Silt
i_l:
il-J
il+ : l.: lirl 1 r_ì I
rit:
ìli il,r :il1 I'i t¡ itliiri ir,,-l ,|/
J!i P-i -! il ,iir{'iil lL!: l iil
ri
..lF rj: Ë irl illi i-ll: il Êockcts, Some Sond, And Numcrous
ti r i-iì i:!
I.l:l ::ii i+l
iij:t: ::j ::i:l iì lrr 1.1 i;il
', 1i- :li
;i.i ii1.! 1-rl_ l+!
r
ij
Snnll Stoncs.
Ìi ii '¡ lriii l!+1. ill ii{:'i
Í- ¡ l-+ ii t ,.,
i) I
tL!.r,! :l
!ii t]+l l¡ìlr. i ::¡
I i]+ ii ll,l¡ il firil
r,
Irl
( 'i:l ijjj t iìli : r i-;. lil i111 i1 Sond. Silt. Grov¿l . And Littl¿ Clov
V.:.'t ::.; tl. t. ifi:l t. ri ii .r
!.j! llirl j'i' 1i ¡:-l- il l! -i
t:lî¡ ,-l
li;i+ i1 ;i iir.i l.i
;l ì i:l Hordpon
r.i l-i: l Tiil rl.: ;
ii;i 't -r. tiijl r:r'
11:1 .
i; l; r:i 1,, ,ì'll !.ltr ii lri
i ll; .I'1- r i.' i. '
1..:
-i-i
il:l liri,i ¡.f
il ! .
ri.lj
ill
fI t;-i trr ii i !.1-l
ill- hl -L ¡,
'H
Ë: :l l'i ljl ¡l iii T i11 rii.i
i rrl ll ll
i# tHi ili i:- i1 l11 it :.-i :-i11
m rlii_ t, r¡+ i'tl; r;l; lcl
+.!i jrir tl i1i lri rM
:I lr.
.iit1 {ìi t ì+ rii I'l l.i'
1I ii, til
tr' rl ì IJ ::ir' uli L:I ui !Ll
tr i+j lt:; !t::
.trl iì.tr t:11 t::
.t ¡.1 ili i 1li] i.i i1: I lr1' ¡rl! iii l,l i
J¡] äii .¡+- Ê+
trì ì,_i {i ! I !-.. j.: I tl'1 ,.¡l ! tlì
ii+; i:l l ll-l I.i
iiì1 i.j+ +.ì I
Ii ;it;
ii "ll ijj l tr l ill I r.ì il
1T
.H
ljj iir tl+ ljt Li.1l_ iii ïil lr:1 iii
+++i- ii. -l'!:
i-i., iì+i, i-'la 'ti ,il
I t.i i
l-lI ll;l ilì ir¡1 tl iii ilil tl ftT i' iit
111 tll ìl fi I :¡ 11 !111 jiii ili Jil
if.l 1ì ii¡ tl rl iïl t1 irl i1 :llj :ìl tl 1ì

suMMARy SHEET TEST H OLE NO: --.*.6- -. --- PROJECT---f9¡¡ndo-tio¡- Jqvg-s*!þ9ti9-¡-,. SOIL MECHANICS LABORATORY
C IVIL ENGITIEERIT{G DEPARTMENT l.¡J
Loc Ar I oN : . ]-RANSC9¡{A- 9R¿tU- Ell-yA-r9.8}. - -9.cs- Plo¡--. ---
qr rÞtr^¡^tr trr trvÀTrôN'+O.9 UITIVERSITY OF MANITOBA 0
FORT o
PLOTTED BY !¿ _gp¿ozpE DATE: APRII= cHEcKED BY: A.UBACOS- oatE GARRY MAt{llOErA
-19s3-- -
 I trj PARTICLE S IZE UNCONFINED L
Þ MOISTURE CONTENT þ
fL
J-l DISTRIBUTION STRENGTH PS.E
-t¡. PERC ENT DESCPIPTION AND REMARKS û.
rlj oo PERCENT o o t¡J
o (^ct o o o o o ô
o- o o
g ooooF (f¡
'No
o oo
3 s I o o m.ct€orY o r\t
Llrl +11 -t ts¡r- f{i., .rii
0 tii'¡ I v rlll 1
il. E1l .ri. li,] 't l.i.i: I
r' i- li,i
J:r. ì I,t iii ¡Ì'l I ir1 lil m ari ;!i i7 ¡++: i,r ;1 i+i¡ ìl{1
-F iilt lli i .i;. # Fill Moteriol. Mixcd Brown c Grcy
J.ìi , iTi t+1 l- T.l:. iflr ||-ê
lj Li :il.i ìi irirl tr1. I i-r i i t-i
't+- l V Ll 11 I ttl ìt t. -t¡l
!1r l
rlil- lil ili1 iil fii ü .l:ll t. tti jr
j'.Ì1 I H i'j+ ]r1 ;ì f{ i.ìlI ¿ li1 tli
{ ¡.il 1 :fI ,fi ]i jJl Silty Cloys And Orgonic Mattc[.
fi r1 + ¡i{ì: :l ]1i 1 ;r;1 i1 I iiii Ì1+ i+ii rJ
l-tiì 11 i1i i'1 I ll l lll itH
J+i-4 7 irT4 iLi !! [Hit üi ii"il lrll +i
'iI tåi ¡11 !il ili l1u i-tlj
. l1JL i++l fil.'! 'I i+ .l i i.Ì 1:' ï r1; ritl L¡]ì
'¡11 E] j'1, !1 lr
litl iil
, .i-l ti
ì! ii1 #t.
ili t+i+ 1il lìi i
iii1-l ¡ r ia -l¡ iì iil 1T, 1.1 n riii ì:ì I tri. i 1ii
f
to +ff 11 r' ir+t tîti I iil: :1, 1: Stiff Brown Vorvad .Cloy With
Iv El-i íl il
ili l ll il.I jlr F ¡lr r+i .i I r: ffiIl -+ iï r.F r]1 it
ljj i\i.l I I'ii,i
:*1
Ìr-: ll ilrli 1-' |.r.
lri ]
..ffi
ú l+ i11iì t üi
i:,1 j t ++
ri
rì: I ILr Dcposits Ot Srnoll S¡lt Pockats.
il ;î;
Ì11 i Ir fJ- I tiil ir¿ i ¡.1. i,r Iti ,.i
'lti
.l+ rll 1ì: !!, .:l 'i]
i{ lill 11 ffi iit
:ì¡l .: t¡ 1ir r!|,
.f.ri 1-l ii itl
+H-i ilii il iÄ irr
î1rÎ
-' LJ] :]J :t ¡ T:ì ;ì:l ! :t l.ì-t ll.: : l t1. -ii Thin Strotq OJ Silt Prcscnt.
l,¡.i I Jtïrïf;i rJi ü t ii ¡ iii ,!i
+l+ ;1-t it1 l.
F i.l i;i trr ,ii
È¡r I
liiil illii ¡ rl 1T.
lili ir-
,it fi !ì-;{/ .+ tl Smoll Li me,stonc Pcbblcs And
I ffJ t{tt 1i1 i1 iil i irjl I iij
¡ {r'l-l 1: *lt
r-; iTtr l-: i1.: l I
1ì rrl iÌ,'J J:
20+# l+r iififiiï ff ili
iiî.
ir ¡,1 |l +i H
liH Itr zË r'+Ti r t.i ;l :11 i,: Sond Found Also.
+r-;i ':1 Ì I.l r r1 jjìi ir.1 iÌ1
iff rHi+ ffi 1+ t,ïtï i+li ,l;.1t LL''i :i: i ::1.
H1t
i-r.i_-
i i. f.ì
r iÌr 'i.Ì.
! i-.1 l+ #ili, ¡ L.l r +;l lt | ¡-¡
t' l:.t i.rl l, jj
ffi rgir i-a
iH l-t: -ili,l
-:j :f
ñffi iI I ':f
l-fr rtlli it$: ifHJ ú 'I
|il ffi fiï 14 fiI
_i_-t_L I L -ll. l¡.1
,lr-1 r iTl:!Ii I ;1'+j i-fl :! : i:i iri.¡ rl
1#1 {,, I !; id+ lir r ix illi I
:¡.Ìi
ii h
iJt:li iH I -I ;+ ¡ìfl ilir i+ I'i Ir. i ¡.¡ll ìit¡ l-l tì- il
ir ¡lq
CL -:i:
ñ i.ll-iTf: i:rt l. j+t
ür_ ;; il; +41 Fal ],I l.j;l '1
,+H ijlr Ìi:i ,l
ts Ji ,x r¡ll i.1: :l_ Vì: fr .r;11
ilt i1_ril 1_Litr h]IJ Mcdlum StiíÍ Dork Grey Cloy.
il¿! l Li: lj il
r'i.t;
30ct¡l -i.i .lr 11 ir.X .lri
'ffi
-#i It sFr iln
¡..+'1
'ã.¡ ìi1
n i:l :ìii
t
iiÌ rlþ r 1!t, ffi
r-1iij ì+ J'f5 H riil
iii ì;ij
l¡'li itfl ììFi: ,#
ffi ft n i:ï: ì
l ral :r1-r t].l i
r l -l.l
Ir: ii:t¡ l:i] i L:.,t Jl '.i+i -; lÌ
.H,t +i Somc Lorç Sitt Pockcts And Stoncs,
ì lil I 111 1
ïtil l1 i!]f l-+t +t rlii i.'*i i;: ti1 :!,i i !iil !:1
ät !+.
.ll+{ riì :I ;ti i ' li:
- +s1 11i'j IJJ I l-t' r ì ijl
fti 1i:i fl I r"i
rll nl i1 -1!'. '' i l.i iiii ih i;ll
ttü i-¡l ì
.1 v "Ill ril :,ú
ült -l]r1 w ii. lil l l¡:. ,t
Érri rli ;i-ÌrT Lì.i.
:. ¡.9
-ú IllJ Iiti
Hl¡ ¡
,+Ë
l.rfl ¡l T.H ,t 'irli
-t-i. Grey Silty Cloy With Sond And Stones.
Hf -:*J ì,8 l-r' .i.¡ + ¡
üT iiii Æ! iil; ].jt Cri -!l. :ui
40+# 'ltt
r1l+
lfi¡ l,J,r iirj
:1 hl
J+ il.¡ l-!f. I tr
iilJ f1l +1 S¡lt Sond. Grovcl And Loro¿ Stoncs
*-l H il$ ii# 1:Ì. È iì:, i {-l ir! lr Lt
ilii jiil
U iri Itii ll ¡-L
lij 1ì
:r.' .1.,.i I f-i I l-
1
l+t- 11it iïi1: r¡-: i+g l:. 1îrj l-! fi l: Top Of Hordpon
ffi ;li+ ir11 ;L i! ll iT I:I il.
{
Itü ìfä ili+ Hi1 ffi HTI a. 1 ijj titi :Ì ii ll:l rlri.fÌ i ili ti4 Iil¡ i l,i it I tf
ttË Ll-+. #r+ f++r I iitl-
.-dJ IJ iui iì i1 ri 1
f+l ff11 ;!:l t
11 i-i- ¡L,¡ i-l¡ ; !:l t+ii
_t1r- i:f ril ¡tÌï :::l
ij
ft lgdl HJ ll iiI lt rJ1 I11rfl-t lï11 ì.11-i
li lji;
-Eil iri lr-t; i t lr f: ;[] .i':
, ,s¡ -U11
j-]]' ll ¡irr tir i !, !l +]IJ
ilFr ftii, tlll
+il ++-1-+ lii -rI ili i i.i :1.i1 1 :t f I
iil. +,i ifi Ëii
!-ft 1 Ll4 n.Ìtl iiH' {ii Ëiii iili-
¡.,ffi
iiij E1
soËl
h:H ++ Ì'lÌl {it-t +j lr-; ür-! ilr,t ; i]Ì i,1 r Ul 1 j'ï!-i ll.l
ü1 it ra1] .'l 1l itr Li'l,' fl+ rri t iil itLl iif 11t ]i.ii :r rlllt:ti 'l ;-:fl H¡
Jll illì iil
+ L l-t: 't
L. fi n
1iJ H# I il ti lil lf j
H fi ii I Fh i,+fr ffi ll liil iti
+jij rl 1¡_il rll-!. 'lh trrl ;.:r,{
I ilfr Ft1 llI +;l *id
11. thi l jr 1
l#,* ffi +fl !++ j1+r
'.ìjj Lï llri Iii r.1J -l-r
H] 1.Þl1 +i+ ]-lJ-l iiii lf it ;+Í ;:-i.i
-r+{} -.i I ì I.i. i
*#- ri.r{
I i1 ¡r r I rL!1,
ltti 1-r rJ ¡ ül 1rfi 'ril I
il ¡t ¡- trTl iË
f+ i. iÏ iil#111 t-,frliiËl !lx fji l l::1: 1i tr-li rll i i:t¡ ,i:Ì:ii H !1+1+ ¡¡ì
SUMMARY SHËET TËsT H OLE NO:--l- PROJEcT_FgtulEg_tllut _.lnvcrtiggtlqn- __ SOIL MECHANICS LABORATORY
LocAr loN: r*RANqloN-A-- -EBA!N- _Ll€yAro¡r_ _9cg_ Piqo_.._ t;¡.1
C IVII. ENGIÌ{EERIHG DEPARÎMENÎ lJ
suRFAcE ELEVATTON: i !-J * NgÏ_E:_Ll_Ltq_u.id--Líqit;_f u.p]s_sus _L¡rlr_t._ UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA 0
--*- -_ _
piott.Eoì' By:-M. lo¿qz-uK-
-- DATE:IPBIL CHECKED s/:ô.qAEAceS_ o¡rE *t9s3_ _ _ FORT GARRY T¡ANITOEA
-
 University of j'ranitoba
"
Civil Engineering Department FiIe No, " ".1
Pro ject F@ndaticru Tnve,stigaËLon
Soil Testing Laboratory Test Flole ""1 "" õ.È,ùÞÞo
Fort Garry, Ivian, Ðate Submitted "f953
!¿EORATORY TEST SUru,, HEET

Densitv H M*I"T" G ain ize Atterbers b¡,

Lbs/cu ft (f) Distri utio Ê
(t)Ê{ Limits 7" .-{
'd> P. Comments
o
,a r-l O O'rl 5
{J o O '-l g o.c r{Ë o
FLt lr .{J j) rl O+J (Ú0
:JÉ I L Description
o o õì.Q i-{ o hf É'"'{ r{ .I)T C5
{J pq) O5{ ÉhÊ L+) Q) D
-lP. 4J o rn +:';sì t{J o p.o O() J,r d Þ L, t, I"
P. .rl Þ' '.J g h0p oËt-{ .lJ'r{ 'ìR cúl ''ìe-r{ N.G \s. Cü C)
c$ o o H oo ocú Éop HÍ{ r{l .-l cú
U) Ét ã Ê -ã c) lJ) :f, CJ CO ¡-{ EE{ ol Ø c/) ûIt
5 37.9 I Fi11. -lvlixed Clay
6 33,6 FÍIl.-Mixed Clay
_o8,0 5C)- Bronrn CIay
63,0 28"0 9"0 U
11" 5
72"C 56"2 r00"0 16 ' ¿¡. 0B 9? "l+ 27 "È 6l+"6 Brown. Clay
¿+0 0
Þrown v arvecl ulay-
-06"4 81" & 2:.s9, 51v"5 5"5 87,7 26 "3 6l-. À"
t'/ 49,7 77.O 13"0 0B some Sitt Pockets.
2n 55 "B Brown Clay & Sj-lt
h(JU 100 0rÊ1 6?.o aË 0 áQ
-l^ øV 6&.1
?I -08,9 73 "3 "0 L5"5 3l+" 5 )ø) 90,1 Pockets
Brov,rn Clay & Silt
Pockeis
'¿5 2^t Dark Grey Clay & Silt hcket ts
81.3 LpO.2 99.4 17 "L 0!r 32 "O 56 "O oà 2,5 Ql") ?L.L l+6
26 "5 -13,B "l+ Dark Grey Clay & Si-lt Pocketts
;-( Dank Crrey Clay &Sitt Pocket
3ts
_3p_ -15
"0 8r, 5 |.00,0 L3 36 "A 50.0 1I" 0 3"0 69 "3 20, s i+8"5
3l "3 5ô.8 "g 3'E ets
Dark Grey Clqr & S ift Fccket
i5 tJ. 0*
.07 .1 69 "g '13.9 _00"0 10,9 3 [0 50"5 9"0 0"5 8j.7 ?6,8 58 "g
36 "7
7 L"3 very ùoIE uarK Lirey u.
-À.9.1 135"01 13 l+"O 3'* 9,0 20,o 12 8"0
h ,2 00.0 36 "O 29 "5 ''5"5 "0 G'eyTürite Sand& Silt
,^( Silt, Sand & Gravel
>.5
4O"¿ L¿.lr 7"5 l+o.5 27 18.0 13 .l+ 4.6 Silt, Sand & GraveL
LÀ
l
m Assumed Val-ues
 University of iiranitoba
tivil Engineering Department
SoiI Testing Laboratory
Fort Garry, Iuîan,
IABORATORY TEST SUii['i/rRY SI]EET

Densitv H M"T T"G atn íze Atterberg b0

Lbs/cu ît (n D stri utio Ê
. Oß" Limits /o .rl
15> Ê. Comn,ents
o +-r O 5
,a +J o) O'.J
O'rl(r)-c
g r{É o
ÊLr É{ +J +) '-l (l) {J cúo L
-{d Description
o O ctl.R q{Ohf É'.f r{ C5
rl .q .l)t +)c) Ot{ Ét{Ê L+) 0)
L, P" L" D
P. {-) al úl lJ'ì Ír5 O P{O (¡) () .t) Îd Þ t, I"
o. .r{ I >' 'r{ ç b0rJ ()ËÊ{ {J'r{ \Ô CÚ )ìR-l \s, Ë \s. ø C)
cú ol${ oo ocu Êo.l) i: f{ -J .d cd
(/) o0) Elr¡ c-> I t-r Þc)Câ l-{ ÉE{ CJ (.â cr) ûtu
"i
lû 1c)6 ^?. 72 ^C Brown Cla-1' (stratified
rl"i '/Z 100,0 11" 7 0 66 "o 2'/ "5 0 97 "O 2)O 6l*" I Brown Clay (Stratified
"C
tQ'/ "3 "'l ))
15 t07-o 70 ^5 1'Ê ^ l Brown Varved C1ay
U 30.0 7"A 0 92"A 37.2 54"8
lÕ, J 103 .3 õ'/ "2 55 "9 96 .5 L3 "6 63 "o
Brown Va.rved Clay
ZO Brolun Varvecl (Re'nolded
107,8 72"2 53 "8 )
2r7 11
0 À.0 o.) 0 69"5 klo( /lf .8 Clay with Silt
¿1"! lQ9 "¿ 7 1,,? 57 "3 gB "7 15 "2 "0 53 "5
Brown Varved (Remo1ded)
CIay with Silt
?\ nr ^l 7Ê ^? L5 "9 hrk Qrey SÍJ.ty Clay
0 36 "O 50.0 1r"0 3.C 72.5 26 b6
26,2 LIO"C '18.2 J6"5 98"8 18.1 "Lþ "r hrk Q^ey Sjlfy tlay&St one
¡|a F
?o l1?-6 Õt ^1 ¿r0"3 Dark Ch'ey Silty Clay & Stones
3" 3l+"5 52"5 9.0 /+' 0 69.5 26,3 l+3
JLö'l IJ-J- " Z l'l "'l +, 'C 99 "3 13 "6 "2 hrk C;rry Sjlty tlry&Sbones
35 I O¿,-. CJ
70"8 53"8 ¿l,5,0 l+?"O Dark &ey Stlty CieSr &Stone
Ja") LUZ"ë
ob,4 ou. J 95 "l+ 11,0 ) 12,0 1.0 79 "5 26 "7 52-"8 Silty
rcl6 -o 7r "1 55 ^Z cln
0ø | 39 "a ¿+8"0 12"0 1"0 77 "O 25,r 5r"9
4r"o LOJ ,8 oo"õ 61"9 97.2
l+5 3l- "1 oà Silt, Stones, Sand.
L5t+ -&0 7.8
-I,,6,3 "8 "9 10.9 100.0 7"5 3L.5 33 "O ¿8"0 20"8 13 "C
Silt, Stones, Sand
((
q

!''
 University of liianitoba File No, .,..3".
Civil En6ineering Department Pro jss¿Fg¿r.d?Q{on.
Soil Testing Laboratory TesË HoIe """J.-
Fort Garny, Ivian" Ðate Submitted
!¿lontronv rpsr su¡u. I{EET

Density H M,I"T. Grain Size Atterbers bf,

Lbs/cu ft U) Distribution c
c) O.
Limits 7" ..{
Þ o, Comnrents
o o C) .r{
,a .p o '-l g nt o
Ê{ l{ p Å a {J
-{ç
(Úo li
-i q) õì+ +J c) b{ É'-t Description
o C5
r{ +J c) F{ É )"{ É L+)
P. {) a) f{ o P. 0) o()
Jã O. ,r{ b¡ {J () lJ'r{ C)
(ú o o c) cú g o pf< HS{
U) Ê C) cl> l-{ tq
l
Lt Stratified Brown Clay
9 (Jo(

Stratified Brown Traces

of Iìemolding
Va-rved Brov¡n Silty Clay

tuey fültyClay &: Febbles

Soft Dark Grey Clay

& silr
FincÌ Sand Layer
Intercepted.
Silt, Sand, Gra-ve1 &
Some Clay
t.
Silt, Sand, Grarrel & (^J
Þ
Some Clav o

I Assumed Values
 University of iiianitoba FiIe No, "-..k
Civil Engineering Department Pr o j e c t FpU $d.At¡"on, &lqeS,tigatien
Soil Testing Laboratory Test Hole .".¿¡,. ôrÈtÞùÞ.
Fort Garry, Ivian" Date Submitted .,1951. ¡. õ, Þ ù

!¿ÞORATORY TEST SU¡,ï, HEET

Density H M" I"T. G ain LZe S AtterberEY h['

Lbs/cu ft (n Distri utior L].mLLs þ Ë
OÊ. .r'l
dÞ o. Gomments
o {-.t O O'rl
',2 .p o O'.'{ g U)-g rlÉ o
h É{ {J Ð r{ U) {J cúO Ê.t Description
o ãfl O CJ\S +-i o Þ{ g'-l r{ cJ
rl {) +J 0.) Ot{ ÉLñ S{ {J Q)
.lJ u) ú).p'.{ o p.o oc) lJ .rd Þ t" L" P" L" P" I"
P. t{5 \ì)o-
È p. .r{ >, '.{ g '' h0 +r c)Et{ 'lJ '.{ cú r{ \s- c \g cú CJ
6ú o o oo (l)ct Éo1) Ëtu -{ .-l cü
U) â Ê[.r ;{ c) Irf :)c)cD t{ EEl () U) c/) (¡t{
=
5 ,O.0 Iaght Brown Silty Clay
,-L 10" B8"j 73 "E 3 "73 0 Very Fjne Yel-low Sand
Ly "'¿

l-0 109 I ) na il .6 Varved Light Brown

"tl 17O, oà Siltv Cl-av
j5 LOO.C I OJ 0 56.Ð 3L,5 0 -00"5 33 "A o/.)
11" 4 LO5 67 "l+
Varväd Light Brown
"9 "é
Sil-ty Clay
't 5 111.2 lOeC i1,1 Varved Light Brown
Silty Clay
LOO ¿6 O Lþ9 l+L" 5 9"5 0
L6 "3 L05 "6 oö"ð )É"O "C "7 "C 9L"4 27 "5 63.9 Varved Light Brown
Sil-ty Cl-ay
2A ro8"? 7V.2 "9"8 ool Varvecl Brown Si"lty Clay
L3 0 h.r"5 Lv?"5 10"5 25,1+ l+3 "6
2L"7 LOb, € 7L"2 50"0 "5 5,5 69 "0 BrornrnSilty Clay & Stones
25 LO7 ^Ç 71 .û 58^O LOO. C R^crum Silty Clay & Ston es
11,5l 0 37,C l+3"5 15.C Lv"5 73 "8 26 "2 47,6
2b Þrk G.ey Clay.& Stones
"4 LUy.¿ 75"8 )'1 "¿
0 LO5 LOO.C )tr
"C Q I .Á ;7,2 t5 "ol 3, ü.7 "( 3l+,C L5"5 )o) 79 "7 25"5 53,6
)L"j LUO"ð 69 ok |à "Z
1
?5 loq^6 76 -? 16.8 Grey Silty pandy Clay
c 6 ô)i 3" [0"[ 35 "C 22"t 2.5 o) "c 20 "Ll Lþ5
36 "2 75.5 të3 "9 100. "2 Grey Siltf,Sandy Cl ay
F10.4
I 1?\ ^2 1r5-Ê ¿,_ô -c) Soft Grey Clay t,
:\.rt
99 "( 7 "52 3' 29.5 48.5 ?6 "7 18.2 8"5
39 b15 17 "5 Gravel, Sandr SiIt
I
I
 University of iiranitoba , ",. "å
File No.q,o"Li4{Ati.
Civil Engineering Department Pr o j e c r qn .I.nv"eqt igahi
SoiI Testing Laboratory Test HoIe """"5 òrcrÞÈÞÈ
Fort Garry, lu,an, Date Submitted .".1953
!ÀÞ0RATORY TEST su¡,Ì{ÅR llEr¡T

Density H .T. Grain Size Atterberg h0

Lbs/cu ft (/) istribution ñ
a) Ê. Limits %
'r{
Þ P" Comments
o o a) .rl 5
,a {-) o .rt q {t¡ .c r{g o
Ê{ {J +J r{ (r) {J cúO
tt{ g t{ Description
o ¿ H o þ{ '.f c5.
+J o Ê{ Ê t{ Þ ${ {J
-lP. {J a +) ,.l o À 0) o c.) P.L"lP.r"
p" Þ' .rl )r {J C) Ê{ 'l)'r{ C)
Cü q) S-r o ctJ c o {) HÍ{
r/) â ã È1. C) a) HEq
?
l+ 6"9 Brown Varved Clay

Brown Varved Glay

Remolding Evident

Brown Clay Sil-t &

Stones
Dark Grey Silty ülay
& Stones

Dil,to with Large

stones
Soft Dark Grev Cl-av
Silt, Sand & Gravel
w
Õ\

ßAssumed Values
 University of liianitoba
Civil Engineering Department
Soil Testing Laboratory
Fort Garry, Ivlan,
i,AEORATORY

Densitv H f"T. Grain Size Atterbere h0

Lbs/cu ît (n Distribution É
0) ß. Limits 7" .-{
p. Comnrents
o c) .d
'a {-) O .rJ
'rJ g u¡ r{ç
+) r{ (n cúO
o
h {J +) Description
o Ê o ccl rf o ÞT g'-l ûf{
r{ .{J c) Of{f{ É k }-. l-t +)
.tJ U) t:ì r-{ q)
P. +: ¡{ 'J o P. O()
Ë 0. .rl g +J
h0 +r C) t{ .lJ '-{ ()
cú c) I o clt
ocI' g o {J Hf{
v) â ¿¡ C) q> l-{ Êq
?- I1.
Brown Clay(ilemolded
98" Varved )
Ilemolded
Brovrrn Silty (Remolded )
Cl-ay (Varved)
Bror¡nSitty Clay &
Stones
Grey Silty tlay nùith
Stones

Ditto-with abundant
Stones

CIay, Stohes, Sand

&,sil-t "
Cla¡r, Stones, Sand
& sÍlt.

E A.ssumed Values
 University of l':anitoba File No" " ".. " 7..
Civil En,3ineering Department Pro jectFowdation Jrry.esÞigtion
Soil Testing Laboratory Test Hole , ",,7.. it ù ö r o r ò. o o
Fort Garry, Ùian" Date Submitted 1953.,õõÈ,¡
!¿lOnlrOnY fBSt Su¡¿l'I HEET

Density H M"I"T. G ain S J-Ze AtterberE b0

Lbs/cu ft U) Distri utior c
OO.
Limits V, .-l
É õ> O" Comnrents
o H o. O'rl
'a {) o O '.{ g n-c r{É o
h S{ .l) 'r{ +J O {J cúo Í{ Description
o ãrl o rúl.S {{obl )i'ñ r-.1 C5
r-l .c {J +.) 0) ol{ ÉhÉ i-{.tJ 0)
P. {J n) oÐ:¡l Èt5 o p.o o() {J 1õ Þ L" L. P" L" P" I"
Ë g. .rl Þì '.{g' h0 rr clÉÊ{ 't)'r{ '\s. hJ rt,9-rl \s. É N. cu ()
cú o o Þ{ g o.{J H${ .r{ (ú tr
ü) Ê Õ
oo oct Ðc)co
ãc) lu) Ff ÉE{
-{
(J (n cr) c5

10 50 gt"2 'lr Varued Br"or,rrn CJay & SiJt

L) øk
:08" n 0m 0
5 73.8 ':l /+0'0 51"0 9"0 103,c 35 "9 67 "L \brved Brown Clay& SiJ-t
w. 55 "2
5r^'l Varved Brown Clav &
106"2 70.ë t+g,7 97,2 11" g 0rs 5L,5 l+3 500 0 93s. 32"5 61"/+ Sili (Remoldine)
16 "3 "5
Iárved Brown CIav &
Silt (Remoldine)"
20 5L"¿ Varved Bror¡a: Clay &, Silt
r09,1 76 "C 96"5 15.1 0B þ8, c l+2"5 5"5 ¿þ.0 77"C 29.È l+7
2L" 5 Lr3 "2 Ve¡ryed hrown Clay & St ones
'7
25 5? "I Varved Brown Clav &
Ll-2, I 81,I 97 1¿þ" I 0a 32"O 5l+" 5 12,0 L"5 69,c 25 "ü, 1+3
Stones (Very Silty)
26.5 'a "6 Varveá Brown CIay &
"oo Stones (Very Sj-lty)
30 j Lg.? Ea ø Ê Dark Grey Clay with Si.lt
100"3 62, b0, g s5 "71 9"0 0ü )) ) 3l+"5 9.0 3"0 9 0.c 32 "l+ 57
7L"7 "6 DarkGrey Clay& Stones
1l 5g-5 gÈ ÞrkGrey Clay & Sbones
3b"5
t07 "9 72"3 l+9 "5 6,7 3Eß 30"0 31+'5 21.0 L¿¡. 5 56,1 ?o "9 35"8 Dark Grey Clay &
"L '
Stones & Sand
/r0 t4.2 Light Grey Silt vrith L^,
"6 Lz6.t 27 "6 100,0 6.1+ 9"C 39 "C ál al) Lg.À. n9-.lt l_2"8 6,( .æ
l+L,5 13.C Clay, Stones & Sand
Silt, Sand, Gravel
m Assuned Val-ues
I I
 'ô
ul
o
J
É.
f, z
q
a-
UJ
It-
æ t.5
ft ô DAR K
BROWN
=
o
(9 Ø
z
o
U
zJ
J
lrl UJ
Ì æ.
an fL G REY
CLAY

o
Ë
v
LO

ô
õ

''' NorE:

All. Prassurcs. Rlt'.

lnitiol Void Rotio.

o.5
LO loo
PRESSURE. l.À¡
Vu'' \o
ó

CONSOLIDATION RESULTS H OLE No. 4.

FrG. l2
ú14,ô,
 40"

TABT,E E

COHESTON P.S"TO

Ðepth notu-l ¿ 3 4 Ã
Feet 6 7

5 L.g
10 7,2 5.8 5.5 5"5 6,8 6,!
L5 6"j 6.7 5"8 8"2 5.6 4.1
ll
6"0
a0 -fl
7,7 7"6 5"9 6"8 9"6 7.7 7,6
25 8,5 7.6 6.4 6.4 g.6'o 7"7 7"4
3o 6"9 6,? 6"L 6,9 6.0 7.7 4"5
3' 5"+ 5.0 5"+ 3.1 5.2 4,3 2?
J oJ
4A 2.0 4"0 2"9 3.0 3"0 3"3 3"0
45

"åverage
of Top 7 "03 6.+8 5.85 6
"L5 5,go 6
"95 5.82
35',-

- These figures exclud.ed from calculations because they are too extreme,
(r) Minimum cohesion (nore Z) 5"82 posui"
(Z) Cohesion (average hotes a and T) 6.04 p.Êoi.
(3) Coheeion (average all holes) 6.30 p" s. i "
(4) Cohesion (average of holes !r213u516) 6"+2 p.s.io
(5) Xdaximum cohesion (frote t) 7.o3 Posni"
-A"verage wet density of top 12 feet of soil Io7 tus/rt. 3
 4]-"

TÂ3L,8 9

ComparisqE of Eearing Val_ues

Hole .&verage
Grouping Cohesion p"on io Frandtl-Suisman tr'el1enius Terzaghl
.pos,f, pos.f, PoSofo

7 5,82 2962 48Bo 6065

4r7 6
"o4 3ozs 507o 6235
L1213n415 16r7 6"30 3roo 5280 6455
!u213u5,6 6
"42 3135 53go 6550

7.O3 33ro 5go0 7o60

.åetual failure load. = 6150 p,s.f o

i
l:.
.?
iJ:
./:
 42.

Samp1 s Ca1 c_q1a t iggg-tgf_glSimalg-legÊ ing Capac i tf,

for c = 5.Bz poÊ,i,
(a) Prand.tl-:Suisma,n
qu=zcli,
(za)
7 2 x 5.82 x l-aa I Lol x IZ = Za62 p.s.f .
(t) tr'ellenius
eu = 5.5 c(t I o.3B fr) (+)

= 5.5 x 5"82 x 144 (r f 0"38 x )2,t = 489q png"fo

t77
(c) Terzasþ!
Qu : I j,
5.Tc (rr)
= 5.7 x 5.82 x Iq+ I Lof x LZ = 6o65.p"eof.
 43"

CT{APTER V

DTSCU,SS]ON

SOÏI,S DESCRTPTTOTT AND CI.ASSTFTCATION

A soils description and classifieatÍon was obtained.

for the Transcona Elevator site from tests performed on
samples taken from seven d^rirl holes" The description
extends from ground leveI to flhardpanH.
Except for a black and brown organic el'ay and firl
ranging from 2å feet to 10 feet deeps the top 25 feet consists
of a varvedr stiff d-ark brown clay with an average moisture
content of 55%.
tr'orty-f ive per cent of this r¿aterial is clay u 5Td/o Is
silt, and. 5% is sand." PlastÍc and. liquid limíts are 25% a.nd
)o/á xespectivery, These properties correspond to an inorganic
clay of high plasticity according to the casagrande plasticity
chart "

JL da:rk grey
silty clay¡ softer than the overlay materialr
is found wÍthin the fotlowing L5 feet, rt is composed of +o/o
clays 507å silt, 87å sand., and 2{o grave] , The moisture eontent
varies ftoro 4Or/o to l!fi'. on the plasticity chart it comes uncler
the sane classification as the brown crayu that is, an inorganic
highty plastic cIay. Values of plastic limit and. liquid lirnit
are 25{o and lJ/o respectively"'
 +8,
"

ïfnderlying the brown and grey cLayÊ whích a.re lake

"ågassiz depositse are f ound glacial d-eposits loca1Iy known
as Hh.ardpantr" The top of this layer rcay be quite soft"
Composition of this meterial is as follows z lO% claye
40% silþ, 25/" sand¡ âod ZJrfo graveL" fhe molsture content
of t3f, ta:-l.,s within tlre plastic limit and tiquid. llmlt
range for the d.epth tested." Plastfc lÍmits of I2{o and
liqrrid limits of 20{o are in accordance with the propertiee
of a slightly plastic inorganic silt" Drilling extended
5 feet into the nhardpantr.

RE¡IOLÐTNG

Careful examina.tion of the core samples failed to

dieclose the slip plane at which the failure occurred.,
Ilowevere the examination revealed thp.t the soil in the
inmediate vicinlty had. been subjected to some remoldingu
probably when the elevator wqe righted." Iloles le 2e 3r 5s

and 6 were affected to a d.epth of 20 feet. This was an

important discovery because remold-ing affects unconfined
compressive strengths, "Ae the damage to most of the samples
'was slightn the strengths were not affected to any extent
as can be seen in table B" Qnly holes 4 and / represent
soil conditionË as they probably exieted before f'ailure
occurred in 1913, Thereforee the results obtained from them
should furnish the actual ultimate bearing capaclty,
 45"

COTÍBËION

Searing capacity of soils beneath footíngs depend

u.pon the coïresion, angle of internal frlctionu and- a depth
correction faetor for the material" Secause of the nature
of the loading, which was rapidu and the fact thåt the
clays srere saturated, it was poesible to assume an angle of
internal friction for the clays of zeroe thereby exclnding
tb.is term from the calculations, A limited number of quick
triaxial tests verified thie va1ue" Consequently the
cohesion governs the bearing caoacity as the depth faetor
uras quite smaIl" Ilsted in table B at five foot intervals
are the cohesion valueso .& representative cohesion was
obtained for each hole using an average for the top thirty-
five feet. This figure was selected on the basis of depth
to fihard.pan$ which limited the deptlr of the bottom of the
sliding. Most of the fai'lure occurred in the c1ay"
X'ive arrangements of these valuee considered for the
calculation of ultimate bearing capacity are listed. below
table B. No explanation ís required for choosing the nin-
irnum cohesion given by hole /e and the maximum by hole 1o
However¡ results from holes 4 and I wexe selected for one
combination knov,iing that any affects of the uprighting
would be negligible. (Ëee figure, 1 for the locati.on of borings)
Using a,n average cohesion for a1l holes is evident¡ but the
 +6"

average for 1e 2s 3, 5u 6u necessÍtates Bome explanation.

If.oisture contente for the holes show a marked d.ecrease aF
the thirty foot leveI is approaehed.. (see summary sheete),
Holes 4 and I h.ave moisture contents which are uniform for
nearly the fu}I depth to ßhardpanH " rt seems that the dltch
and dra.inage system installed durirrg the uprighting in LgL+
( see figure 6) d.rained the soil surrounding the erevator

resulting in a decrease in moisture content with consolidation

occurring, affecting the unconfined compressive strength,
rhe average cohesion for these holes (6.+z psi) is considerably
higher than fro¡r holes 4 and 7 (6.o+ pËj-), Table g contains
bearing values using the cohesion resulting from the above
ass ortment,

rtTIniATE BEÂRLNG C"A"PACTTY

.A. comparison is obtained in table 9 between a.ctual

failure theoretical ultimate bearing va.lues fronr
load- and
the Prandtl-Buisman, Felleniuer and ferzaghi solutiofiso
fhe Prandtl-Buisman solution produces results which
are considerably lower than the aetua.l faÍIing 1oadu If
maximu¡n cohesion is used givÍng a value of 33ro psfs Ít ie

seen that it falIs far short of the 6t5O psf at whieh the
elevator failed,
 47.

fhe Feflenius solution also gives a low value" If the

cohesion from holee 4 and f axe useds â vâlüe approximately
one thousand. pounds less than the failure load of 6t5O psf is
obtained" The maximum load of 59OO psf resulting from the
cohesion of hole 1 approaches the faiLure load; howevere
mínimum valuee govern designs" Therefores the eolution
although superior to Prandtl-Suismanu must be considered
as unsatÍsfactory for this casee
The !egg-þi. eglgliqes 0f the three bearing capaclty
theories for rapid loading on saturated. clays r the test re-
sults give best agreement n¡ith the Terzaghi analysis. (see
table 9). Neglecting the values ot 6+55 psf, 6550 psf¡ and
706A psf which are slightly high d.ue to consolid.ation
resuLting from 40 years of drainages the remaining figures of
6065 psf ana 6235 psf agree very closel¡r with the failure load.
of 6t5O psf, It would appear that the Terzaghtí solution is
not seri.ously affected by the presence of the etronger
underlying layer at the depth of the failure plane, It may
be seen from the Êunmary sheets th^at the layer existed 33 feet
below the original foundation.
CAUSE OT' F'ATT,UBS

Reasons for failure are apparent. The clay subsoí1

waÊ loaded to failure as a result of underestimatlng the
bearlng capacity of the soil, Âllairel stated that d.esign was
based on a single field load test, The results might have
 48"

been entirely different had a number of unconfined strength

tests been performed which probably wouLd have resulted. in a
safe design"

coNqoLIpATIQN CnRVEg
The purposeof the consolidation tests was to verify
the soil cl:.p.racteristics. The curves in figure Lz point
out the variation in the compressive ind.exe swelling
pressureÊr and pre-eonsolidation Loads with depth, for a
hole located outside the affected area. The sr,velling pressure
and compressive index decreages with increasing depthe
indÍcating that the material is softer and contains more silt.
The pre-consolid.ation load. does not forlow any apparent
pattern. lifith these curves, it Ís possible to calculate the
settlement the building would have undergone had. failure not
occurred "

PÜMPTNG

The forty yearË of continuous pumping from beneath

the binhouse effected' consolid.atj-on" Áverage moisture
some
contents and wet d.ensities for holes 4 and / were Jr")/o and,
Lo7 "8 lbefcu.ft" respectively and 48
"jo/o and. l-r2.2 rbs/cu.ft.
respectively for holes 1, 21 3, 5g 6, strength of soil was
also affectede being srlghtly higher for hores 1, ze 3u 51 6o
than for 4 and |, However, the bearing capacities were not
materially altered" (See table g)
"
 49,

coNgtusroNEf

Soils teets performed during the investigation of

the failure of the Transcona Grain Elevatore indicated
th.at the Prandtl-Buisman and tr'ellenius Theories did not
apply. However, the Terzaghi Theory for the ultimate
bearing capacity of rapidly loaded. saturated. clay subsoirs
satisfied this caseo
 50"

srBtroGEAPITY

1" -4.11aire, A. trThe

Failure and Righting of .À lr¡lil1ion
Bushel Grain Elevatorfi" Ttaneactions of the -AmerLcan
Ëociety of Cívil Engineerse Volume 80, Decembere 3]L6e
pages 799 - 832,

2" frProceedings of the Ëecond rnternational conference on

$oi1 i[echanics and tr'oundation Engineeringrf . pages 63-6j o

Volume le 1948,

3 " Taylor rrttr'und.amentals of $oir Mechanicsrr . pages 573 u lg49 "

4o Terzaghi, rrTheoretlcal Soil Mechanicsfl, Pages ll8-133,

May, l9+7,

Photographs of fairure, fÍgures 3a and 3b v¡ere obtained from

The tr'oundation Company of Canada, Íoroitto, Ontario"