Comprehensive MATHEMATICS–XII

Value Based Questions

1. A relation R in the set A of human beings at a particular time given by R = {(x, y) : x and y live in
the same village}. Check whether the relation is an equivalence relation or not.
What are the advantages of living in a village?
2. Two schools A and B decided to award prizes to their students for three values honesty(x),
punctuality(y) and obedience(z). School A decided to award a total of ` 11,000 for the three
values to 5, 4 and 3 students respectively while school B decided to award ` 10,700 for the three
values to 4, 3 and 5 students respectively. If all the three prizes together amount to ` 2,700, then.
(i) Represent the above situation by a matrix equation and form linear equation using matrix multi-
plication.
(ii) Is it possible to solve the system of equations so obtained using matrices?
(iii) Which value you would prefer to be rewarded the most and why?
[Sample paper 2012, 4 marks]
3. In a hostel 40% of the students read Hindi newspaper, 60% read English newspaper and 20% read
both Hindi and English newspaper. A student is selected at random.
(i) Find the probability that he reads neither Hindi nor English newspaper.
(ii) If he reads Hindi newspaper, find the probability he reads English newspaper.
The number of students reading the Hindi newspaper should be increased. Why? (4 marks)
4. An anti-aircraft can take a maximum of 4 shots at an enemy plane moving away from it.
The probabilities of hitting the plane at the first, second, third and fourth shots are
0.4, 0.3, 0.2 and 0.1 respectively. What is the probability that gun hits the plane? War is a
crime against humanity. Substantiate. (4 marks)
5. A speaks truth in 60% of the cases and B speaks truth in 90% of the cases. In what percentage of the
cases
(i) they contradict each other in stating the same fact?
(ii) they agree each other in stating the same fact?
Truth is very closely related with our national movement. How? (4 marks)
6. There is a group of 50 people who are patriotic out of which 20 believe in non-violence. Two persons are
selected at random out of them, write the probability distribution for the selected persons who are non-
violent. Also find the mean of the distribution. Explain the importance of non-violence in patriotism.
[CBSE Sample paper 2012, 4 marks]
7. A cooperative society of farmers in a village has 50 hectares of land to grow two crops X and Y. The
profit from crops X and Y per hectare is estimated as ` 10,000 and ` 9,000 respectively. To control
pests, a liquid pesticide has to be used for crops X and Y at rates of 20 litres and 10 litres per hectare.
Further, more than 800 litres of pesticide should not be used in order to protect fish and wild life using
a pond which collects drainage from this land. How much land should be allocated to each crop so as to
maximize the total profit of the society?
Write few sentences about the importance of the ecological conservation. (6 Marks)

1
2 Mathematics—XII

8. A cottage industry in a rural area manufactures pedestal lamps and wooden shades, each requiring the
use of a grinding/cutting machine and a sprayer. It takes 2 hours on grinding/cutting machine and 3
hours on the sprayer to manufacture a pedestal lamp. It takes 1 hour on the grinding/cutting machine
and 2 hours on the sprayer to manufacture a shade. On any day, the sprayer is available for at the most
20 hours and the grinding/cutting machine for at the most 12 hours. The profit from the sale of a lamp
is ` 5 and that from a shade is ` 3. Assuming that the manufacturer can sell all the lamps and shades
that he produces, how should he schedule his daily production in order to maximize his profit?
Keeping in view that it is an industry in the rural area what are the ‘values’ in promoting cottage
industry in rural area? (6 marks)
9. A retired person wishes to invest a sum of ` 12,000 in two types of investments. In a mutual fund which
provides 10% per annum and 8% in National Saving Bonds. According to the rule, he has to invest
minimum of ` 2000 in mutual funds and ` 4000 in National Saving Bonds. How much should he
invest to earn a maximum yearly income ? Find also his maximum yearly income. What is the advan-
tage of investing in National Saving Bonds? (6 marks)
10. A company produces two types of leather belts ; say type A and B. Belt A is a superior quality and belt
B is of a lower quality. Profits on each type of belt are ` 2 and ` 1.50 per belt, respectively. Each belt of
type A requires twice as much time as required by a belt of type B. If all belts were of type B, the company
could produce 1000 belts per day. But the supply of leather is sufficient only for 800 belts per day (both
A and B combined). Belt A requires a fancy buckle and only 400 fancy buckles are available per day.
How should the company manufacture the two type of belts in order to have a maximum overall profit?
The use of leather products should be discouraged. Why? (6 marks)
11. A dealer in rural area wisheds to purchase a number of sewing machines. He has only ` 5760.00 to
invest and has a space for at most 20 items. An electronic sewing machine costs him ` 360.00 and a
manually operated sewing machine ` 240.00 He can sell an electronic sewing machine at a profit of
` 22.00 and a manually operated sewing machine at a profit of ` 18.00. Assuming that he can sell all
the items that he can buy how should he invest his money in order to maximize his profit. Make it as a
linear programming problem and solve it graphically. Keeping the rural background in mind justify
the ‘values’ to be promoted for the selection of the manually operated machine.
[CBSE Sample paper 2012, 6 marks]
12. By examining the chest X-ray, probability that T.B. is detected when a person is actually suffering is
0.99. The probability that the doctor diagnoses incorrectly that a person has T.B. on the basis of X-ray
is 0.001. In a city 1 in 1000 persons suffers from T.B. person selected at random is diagnosed to have
T.B. What is the chance that he actually has T.B.?
What is the importance of conducting awareness programme on immunization? (6 marks)
13. In answering a question on a MCQ text with 4 choices per question, a student knowns the answer,
guesses or copies the answer. Let 1/2 be the probability that he knows the answer, 1/4 be the probability
that he guesses and 1/4 that he copies it. Assuming that a student, who copies the answer, will be correct
with the probability 3/4, what is the probibility that the student knows the answer, given that the
answered it correctly?
Arjun dose not know the answer to one of the question in the test. The evaluation process has negative
marking. Which value would Arjun violate if he resorts to unfair means? How would an act like the
above hamper his character development in the coming years?
[CBSE Sample paper 2012, 6 marks]
14. An insurance company insured 2,000 cyclists, 4,000 scooter drivers and 6000 motorbike drivers. The
probability of an accident involving a cyclist, scooter driver and a motorbike driver are 0.01, 0.03 and
0.15 respectively. One of the insured persons meets with an accident. What is the probability that he is
scooter driver? Which mode of transport would you suggest to a student and why?
[CBSE Sample paper 2012]
Value Based Questions 3

ANSWERS
1. Here A is the set of human beings and R is in relation to A.
1. Clearly (x, x)  R  R is reflexive
2. (x, y)  R  x and y live in the same village
 y and x live in the same village
 (y, x)  R  R is symmetric.
3. Now, (x, y)  R, (y, z)  R
 x and y live in the same village and y and z live in the same village.
 x and z live in the same village  (x, z)  R
 R is transitive.
So, R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive. Hence, R is an equivalence relation.
People can live in an eco-friendly atmosphere in a village. Village is pollution free.
2. The given situation can be written as a system of linear equations as
5x + 4y + 3z = 11000
4x+ 3y + 5z = 10700
x + y + z = 2700
(i) This system of equations can be written in the matrix form as

 5 4 3  x  11000 
4 3 5  y 10700 
    =  
1 1 1   z   2700 

5 4 3  x  11000 
 4 3 5  , X =  y  and B = 10700 
This equation is of the form AX = B , where A =      
1 1 1   x   2700 

5 4 3
(ii) A = 4 3 5 = 5( 2)  4( 1)  3(1)  3  0
1 1 1

 A exists and so the equation has unique solution.

–1

(iii) Any of the three values with proper reasoning will be considered as correct.
3. Let the events be
H = Student reads Hindi newspaper
E = Student reads English newspaper
40 4 2 60 6 3 20 2 1
Given, P( H )    , P( E)    and P( H  E)    .
100 10 5 100 10 5 100 10 5

(i) Required probability = P( H  E)  P( H  E)

4 Mathematics—XII

= 1 – P( H  E )
= 1– [ P (H) + P (E) – P(H  E)]

2 3 1 4 1
= 1–  5  5  5  = 1 –  .
  5 5

P( E  H ) 1/ 5 1
(ii) Required probability = P (E / H) = =  .
P( H ) 2/ 5 2
Hindi is our National language and promotion of Hindi helps National integration.
4. Let A, B, C, and D be the events that gun hitting the plane is first, second, third and fourth
shots respectively.
given, P(A) = 0.4, P(B) = 0.3, P(C) = 0.2, P(D) = 0.1
Required probability = P ( gun hits the plane )
= P (at least one the shots hits the plane)
= 1– P (none of the shots hits the plane)
= 1 – P ( A  B  C  D)
Since the events A, B, C and D are independent,

Required probability = 1 – P ( A).P(B).P(C ).P( D)

= 1 – (0.6) (0.7) (0.8) (0.9) = 1– 0.3024 = 0.6976.
War solves no problem. Valuable human lives are lost. War leaves the society wounded
and miserable.
5. Let E and F be the two events that A and B speak truth respectively.
60 6 90 9
Given, P (E) = = , P (F) = = .
100 10 100 10
(i) They contradict each other. There are two cases.
(a) A speaks truth and B does not i.e., E  F
(b) A dose not speak truth but B speaks truth. i.e., E  F
So, the required probability = P ( E  F )  P( E  F ) .

= P ( E).P( F )  P( E ).P( F )

6 1 4 9 6  36 42
= . + . = = = 42%
10 10 10 10 100 100
(ii) They agree each other if both of them speak truth or both of them do not speak truth.
So, the required probability = P ( E  F )  P( E  F )
= P (E) .P (F) + P (E) .P (F)
6 9 4 1 54  4 58
= . + . = = = 58%
10 10 10 10 100 100
Father of our nation considered truth and non-violence as his two important weapons in the
fight against British rule.
Value Based Questions 5

6. Let X denotes the number of persons selected who are non-violent.

Then X can assume the values 0, 1, 2 according as none of the selected is non-violent, one is
non-violent and both are non-violent.
There are 50 patriotic persons–20 non-violent and 30 violent.
30
C2 30.29 87
P (X = 0) = 50
  
C2 50.49 245
20
C1 .30 C1 20.30 120
P (X = 1) = 50
 
C2 25.49 245

20
C2 20.19 38
P (X = 2) = 50
  
C2 50.49 245

So, the probability distribution is

X = (xi) 0 1 2
87 120 38
P(X) = (Pi)
245 245 245
n

Mean of the distribution = p x

i 1
i i

87 120 38 120 76 196

=0× + 1× +2× = + = .
245 245 245 245 245 245
Importance : In order to have peaceful environment both values patriotism and non-vio-
lence are required. Patriotism with
violence is very dangerous.
Y
7. Let the farmer allocate x hectares and
y hectares of the land for crops X and (0, 80)
Y respectively. D

LPP is to maximize the profit

Z = 10000 x + 9000 y
Subject to x + y  50 (0, 40)
E
20x + 10y  800  2x + y  80
and x, y  0.
The feasible region is the shaded
region. Z is maximum at C (30, 20). C(30, 20)
i. e., when x = 30, y = 20.
So, the profit is maximum when 30
hectares of the land is allocated for A (50, 0)
X
O (40, 0) B x
crop X and 20 acres of the land are +
y
2x

allocated for crop Y. =

50
+y

 Maximum Profit = ` 10000 × 30 +

=8

9000 × 20 = ` 48,000.
0

Ecological balance of nature should

be maintained. All animals directly or
indirectly depend upon plants for food. Man cannot survive without animals and plants.
6 Mathematics—XII

8. Let x lamps and y shades Y

are manufactured.
The LPP is
Maximize profit
Z = 5x + 3y
Subject to D (0, 12)
2x + y = 12
3x + 2y  20 (0, 10) E
and x, y  0
The feasible region is the
C (4, 4)
shaded region. Z is
maximum profit the in-
dustry should make 4
pedestal lamps and 4
wooden shades in a day. O (3, 0) A B (6, 0)
X

2x
Cottage industry makes

+
y=

3x
villages self-reliant. It

+
12

2y
can prevent urban migra-

=
20
tion.
9. Let the person invests ` x Y
in mutual fund and ` y National
Saving Bonds.
The LLP is
Maximize yearly income
)
00
10 x 8y 100
Z= + ,
00
100 100 20
E(
Subject to
x + y  1200
0)
x  2000 0 , 400
0
y  4000 D C(
80 y = 4000
and x, y  0. (2000, 4000) x
+
y
The feasible region is the shaded =
x = 2000 12
00
region. Clearly, the yearly income 0
Z is maximum at E (2000, 10000) X
O A (2000, 0) (12000, 0) B
i.e., when x = 2000, y = 10000.
So to get maximum yearly
income, he should invest ` 2000
in mutual fund and ` 10,000 in National Saving Bonds.
By investing in National Saving Bonds our money can be used for National development
programme and time investment is more secure.
10. Let the company produces x belts of type A and y belts of type B per day. Then profit = 2x + 1.5 y.
y
Since, in a day 1000 belts of type B, the time required for making y belts of type B = .
1000
Also given, time required for making belts of type A is equal to twice that of type B.
Value Based Questions 7

 Total time required to make x Y

x
belts of type A = .
500

x y 1000
Thus, + 1
500 1000 800
D (100, 700) y = 700
 2x + y  1000. E
(0, 700) C
(200, 600)
The supply of leather is sufficient x = 400
for 800 belts.
 x + y  800 . x+
y=
Also, 400 buckles are available for B 80
belt A and 700 for belt B. (400, 200) 0

x  400 and y  700 400 600 800

X
O
The given LPP is

2x
+
Maximize profit Z = 2x + 1.5y

y
=
10
Subject to

00
2x + y  1000
x + y  800
x  400
y  700
and x, y  0
The feasibal region is the shaded region.
Clearly, Z is maximum at C (200, 600). i.e., when x = 200, y = 600
So, the profit is maximum when 200 belts of type A and 600 belts of type of B are produced.
Maximum profit is ` 13,000.
Use of leather should be discouraged to save wild animals and to promote the conservation
of nature.
11. Let x be the number of electronic sew- Y
ing machine and y be the number of
manually operated machine pur-
chased.
D (0, 24)
Our LLP is
Maximize profit Z = 22x + 18y
E (0, 20)
Subject to
x + y  20
360 x + 240y ≤ 5760 C (8, 12)

3x + 2 y  48 and x, y  0. x
+
y
=
The feasible region is the shaded re- 20
gion. Clearly, Z is maximum at
C (8, 12). i.e., when x = 8, y = 12 A B X
O (16, 0) (20, 0)
3x

So, to get maximum profit the dealer

+

should purchase 8 electronic sewing

2y
=

machines and 12 manually operated

48

machines.
8 Mathematics—XII

Manually operated sewing machines should be promoted as it saves energy.

12. Let E1 : The person selected is suffering from T.B.
E2 : The person selected is not suffering from T.B.
A : The doctor diagnoses correctly.
1 999 99 1
Given, P(E1) = , P (E2) = , P(A/E1) = 0.99 = , P (A/E2) = 0.001 = .
1000 1000 100 1000
Required probability = P(E1/A)
By Bayes theorem,
P( E1 ) P( A / E1 )
Required probability = P( E ) P( A / E )  P( E ) P( A / E )
1 1 2 2

1 99

1000 100
= 1 99 999 1
  
1000 100 1000 1000

99 11 11 110
= = = = .
99  99.9 11  11.1 22.1 221
Prevention is better than cure. Through immunization we can prevent many serious
diseases. It saves health as well as money and time.
13. Let E1, E2, E3, A be the events defined as follows :
E1 : The examinee knows the answer
E2 : The examinee guesses the answer
E3 : The examinee copies the answer
A : The examinee answers correctly.
1 1 1
Given, P(E1) = , P(E2) = and P(E3) = .
2 4 4
3 3
Given, P (answer correctly by copying) = . i.e., P(A/E3) = 
4 4
Also, P (A/E1) = P (answers correctly knowing the answer) = 1
1
and P(A/E2) = P (answer correctly by guessing ) =.
4
Required probability = Probability that student knew the corret answer given that he
answered correctly = P (E1/A)
By Bayes Theorem,
P( E1 ).P( A / E1 )
P(E1/A) =
P ( E1 ).P( A / E1 )  P ( E2 ).P( A / E2 )  P( E3 ).P( A / E3 )

1 1
×1 1 3 2
= 2 = 2 = / = .
1 1 1 1 3 1 1 3 2 4 3
×1 + × + × + +
2 4 4 4 4 2 16 16
Value Based Questions 9

If Arjun copies the answer, he will be violating the value of honesty in his character. He
should not guess since there is negative marking for wrong answer. He should leave the
question if he doesn’t know the answer. Cheating may hamper the integrity of the
character.
14. Let E1, E2, E3, A be the events defined as follows :
E1 : Insured person is a cyclist
E2 : Insured person is a scooter driver
E3 : Insured person is a motorbike driver
A : Person meets with an accident.
There are 12000 insured persons.
2000 1 4000 1 6000 1
P (E1) = = , P (E2) = = , P (E2) = = .
12000 6 12000 3 12000 2
P (A /E1) = Probability that a person meets with an accident given that he is a cyclist
1
= 0.01 =
100
3 15
Similarly, P (A/E2) = 0.03 = and P (A /E3) = 0.15 = .
100 100
Required probability = Probability that a person meets with an accident given that he is a
scooter driver = P (E2 / A)
P( E2 ).P( A / E2 )
By Bayes theorem, P (E2 / A) =
P( E1 ).P( A / E1 )  P( E2 ).P( A / E2 )  P( E3 ).P( A / E3 )

1 3

3 100 1 1 3
=    .
1 1 1 3 1 15 1 15 52 26
     1
6 100 3 100 2 100 6 2 6
For a student, cycle is the best mode of transport as it is good for health, no pollution and
saves energy (petrol).