CFD Project

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA
ECH 4304
ADVANCED FLUID MECHANICS
MINI PROJECT
LECTURER: DATIN DR. SITI ASLINA HUSSAIN
PREPARED BY :
YUGANESWARAN A/L ARUMUGAM 174820
DATE PERFORMED: WEEK 11 - WEEK 14
DATE SUBMITTED: 19/12/2016

CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 3
1.1 Computational Fluid Dynamics Software .............................................................. 3
1.2 Flow of Water over a Bump ................................................................................... 4
METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................... 7
2.1 Geometry Creation ................................................................................................. 7
2.2 Meshing .................................................................................................................. 8
2.4 Post-processing ..................................................................................................... 13
2.5 Input parameters ................................................................................................... 13
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION..................................................................................... 14
3.1 Geometry .............................................................................................................. 14
3.2 Meshing ................................................................................................................ 14
3.3 CFX setup ............................................................................................................. 15
3.4 Mass Flowrate Contour ........................................................................................ 15
3.5 Velocity contour ................................................................................................... 16
3.6 Vector contour ...................................................................................................... 17
3.7 Streamlines ........................................................................................................... 18
3.8 Graphs................................................................................................................... 19
3.9 Results summary .................................................................................................. 21
CFX COMMANDS ........................................................................................................ 23
4.1 CFX Commands for Mass Flow Rate of 80 kg s-1 ............................................... 23
4.2 CFX Commands for Mass Flow Rate of 480 kg s-1 ............................................. 27
4.3 CFX Commands for Mass Flow Rate of 2000 kg s-1 ........................................... 32
4.4 CFX Commands for Mass Flow Rate of 20000 kg s-1 ......................................... 36
2
INTRODUCTION
Computational fluid dynamics is the field of study devoted to solution of the equations
of fluid flow through use of a computer (Cengel & Cimbala, 2014). Modern engineers
apply both experimental and CFD analyses, and the two complement of each other.
Experimental data are often used to validate CFD solutions by matching the
computationally and experimentally determined global quantities. CFD is then
employed to shorten the design cycle through carefully controlled parametric studies,
thereby reducing the required amount of experimental testing (Cengel & Cimbala,
2014).
1.1 Computational Fluid Dynamics Software
There are various CFD tools/software to study fluid flow. In current study ANSYS
Workbench 4.5 is used to perform the mini project involving fluid flow study over a
bump. Fluids behavior is often counterintuitive, making it difficult, if not impossible, to
predict the impact of fluid flows on your product. An ANSYS CFD solution enables
modelling and simulation all fluid processes, including fluid structure, multi physics
interactions confidently to predict and control fluid flow.
3
1.2 Flow of Water over a Bump
When fluid is flowing over a bump, the behavior of the free surface is sharply different
according to whether the approach flow is subcritical or supercritical. The height of the
bump can change the character of the results.
Figure 1: Flow over a bump
Consider a shallow stream of depth H, uniform width, and uniform flow velocity V .
Suppose that there is a very shallow bump of height, d << H on the (horizontal) bed of
the stream, as shown in Figure 1. Suppose, further, that, at the point where the stream
passes over the top of the bump, its velocity is v, and its surface rises a height h <<
H above the unperturbed surface. Fluid continuity yields;
(1.1)
Furthermore, application of Bernoulli's equation to a streamline lying on the surface of
the water (where the pressure is atmospheric) gives;
(1.2)
4
The previous equation reduces to;
(1.3)
Eliminating v between Equations (1.1) and (1.3) and rearrange, we obtain;
(1.4)
Equation 1.4 is equivalent to;
(1.5)
Here;
(1.6)
is the Froude number of the unperturbed flow. Finally, given that d << H and h << H,
equation 1.5 reduces to;
(1.7)
It follows, from the previous expression, that if the flow is super-critical, so that Fr >
1 , then h is positive. On the other hand, if the flow is sub-critical, so that Fr < 1 ,
then h is negative. Thus, if a super-critical shallow stream passes over a very shallow
5
bump on its bed then the surface of the stream becomes slightly elevated. On the other
hand, if a sub-critical stream passes over such a bump then the surface of the stream
becomes slightly depressed. A similar effect occurs when there is a narrowing of the
channel in the horizontal direction
1.3 Problem
Simulation for a flow of water over a bump located at the bottom of a channel as shown
in Figure 2 needed to be performed. The diameter of the bump, a perfect semi-sphere is
0.15 m and the depth of the water is 0.80 m. The total length of flow of water is 2.5 m.
From the simulation, different values of mass flow rates at the inlet that affects various
parameters such as velocity and pressure needed to be studied.
Figure 2: The flow of water over a bump of 0.15 m.
6
METHODOLOGY
2.1 Geometry Creation
a) Importing CAD geometry into ANSYS workbench
1. ANSYS Workbench is opened and saved as “BumpFlow”.
2. Geometry is located under Component Systems in the Toolbox and the geometry is
then dragged into the Project Schematic area.
3. The arrow on the top left side of the component is clicked to reveal a list of
selections. Rename is selected and the component is renamed to
“Geometry(DesignModeler)”
4. The second cell in the component box is double clicked. A new window of
DesignModeler is opened.
5. Meter (m) is selected as the desired length and Import External Geometry File is
selected in the Menu Toolbar.
6. The new window will prompt to locate the geometry file into DesignModeler. The
file is located, selected and OK is clicked.
7. Import1 has been added to the Tree Outline. It is clicked to view Details of Import 1.
Add Material is selected for operation.
8. Generate is clicked to attach the geometry in DesignModeler.
7
9. The geometry imported is shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3: The imported geometry for CFD simulation.
2.2 Meshing
1. Meshing is located under Component Systems in the Toolbox and the Geometry is
dragged into the Project Schematic area and placed next to the
Geometry(DesignModeler).
2. Cell A2 in Geometry (DesignModeler) is clicked and dragged into the cell B2,
Meshing Component (Component B).
3. Cell B3 is double clicked to open a new window of Meshing.
8
In the Meshing application window,
1. Mesh on Tree Outline is clicked and a “Details of Mesh” window appeared.
2. Physical Preference is set to CFD. Solver Preferences will appear and is set to CFX.
The other settings are set as follows
Table 1: The other settings for meshing
Tab Setting Value

Defaults Physic Preference CFD
Solver Preference CFX
Relevance (DO NOT TICK THE BOX) 80
Sizing Use Advanced Size Function On: Curvature
Relevance Center Fine
Smoothing High
Inflation Use Automatic Inflation Program Controlled
3. Mesh is right clicked and Generate Mesh is selected to complete meshing.
2.3 Pre-processing
1. ANSYS Workbench file is continued to be used.
2. CFX is located under Component Systems in the Toolbox.
3. CFX is dragged into the Project schematic area next to the Meshing component,
Geometry Meshing
9
4. Cell B3 is clicked and held into Component B (Meshing). The cell is dragged into
Cell C2 (Setup) of Component C (CFX).
5. Cell B3 is right clicked and the option Update is selected.
6. Cell C2 is then double clicked and a new window of CFX-Pre is opened.
In the CFX-Pre application window,
1. Default Domain and Default Domain Default in the Tree Outline are deleted to
ensure we can manually define our necessary domain.
2. Analysis Type is clicked and set as Steady State. Apply and OK are clicked.
3. Domain icon is located and clicked to insert a new domain into CFX-Pre.
4. The default name is accepted and a new tab (Domain 1) appears. The following
settings are applied.
Table 2: Domain settings
Tab Setting Value

Basic Settings Location and Type > Location B22
Location and Type > Domain Type Fluid Domain
Fluid and Particle Definitions > Water
Material
Domain Models > Reference 1 atm
Pressure
Fluid Models Heat Transfer > Option Thermal Energy
Turbulence > Option k-Epsilon
10
5. Apply and OK are clicked.
6. The boundary icon in the Main Toolbar is located and clicked to insert a new
boundary into Domain 1.
7. It is named as inlet 1 and a new tab will appear. The settings are applied as follows:
Table 3: Inlet settings
Tab Setting Value

Basic Settings Boundary Type Inlet
Location F29.20
Boundary Mass and Momentum > Option Mass Flow Rate
Details Normal Speed 5 [kg s-1]
Heat Transfer > Option Static Temperature
Static Temperature 315 [K]
9. The boundary icon in the Main Toolbar is located and clicked to insert a new
boundary into Domain 1.
10. It is named as Outlet. The following settings are applied.
11
Table 4: Outlet settings
Tab Setting Value

Basic Settings Boundary Type Inlet
Location F25.20
Boundary Mass and Momentum > Option Average static
Details pressure
Relative pressure 0 [Pa]
12. The Physics Definition setup has been completed. Exit is clicked to save.
CFX-Solver Manager is launched.
1. Solution cell on the ANSYS Workbench is double-clicked.
2. Start run is clicked on the Define Run dialog box that appears.
3. CFX-Solver is launched and a split screen appears and the results of the run are
displayed graphically and as text.
4. Data starts too plot and plotting takes time according to the amount of data to
process. The process is let to run.
12
2.4 Post-processing
When CFX-Solver is finished, CFD-Post can be used to review the final result.
1. Results cell in ANSYS Workbench is right clicked and Refresh option is chosen.
2. CFD-Post appears when refresh is complete and Results cell is double clicked.
In CFD-Post window,
1. In the main menu toolbar, Insert is clicked.
2. The option Location is chosen and Plane is clicked.
3. In the Insert Plane window, Plane 1 is set as the default name.
4. Plane 1 is set as the pressure variable
5. The Under Point is set as -0.25, 0.20, 0.25
6. The Under normal is set as 0.25, 0.20, 0.25.
7. This is done to get a horizontal line right across the flow of water over the bump. The
plane is used to identified the contour, vector and streamline profiles.
2.5 Input parameters
1. The other input parameters studied in this are project are the velocity, at different
mass flow rates, the vector contour and streamlines.
2. At the CFX-Pre application window, the input flow rates are varied from 80 kg s-1 to
480 kg s-1 , 2000 kg s -1 and finally to 20 000 kg s-1
13
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1 Geometry
The geometry is shown in ANSYS in isometric view as shown in Figure 4.
Figure 4: The imported geometry in ANSYS
3.2 Meshing
The view of geometry after meshing is shown in Figure 5. The meshing indicates the
efficiency of ANSYS software in performing CFD calculations.
Figure 5: Geometry view after meshing
14
3.3 CFX setup
The process parameters are entered properly as mentioned in section 2.3 and the
outcome of CFX setup is shown in Figure 6. The inlet and outlet are visible in geometry
as shown in Figure 6.
Figure 6: The view of geometry after CFX setup
3.4 Mass Flowrate Contour
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
Figure 7: The mass flowrate contour (a) = 80 kg s-1, (b) = 480 kg s-1
(c) = 2 000 kg s-1 and (d) = 20 000 kg s-1
15
From Figure 7, it is known that the mass flowrate is not affected by the presence of a
bump. For different flowrate of water, the contour pattern remains same and for each
flowrate even distribution of the color indicates that the mass flowrate do not vary
gradually along the bump. This is because of the constant mass flowrate of water at the
inlet. The color also shows that the inlet and outlet mass flowrates are same.
3.5 Velocity contour
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
Figure 8: The velocity contour (a) = 80 kg s-1, (b) = 480 kg s-

(c) = 2 000 kg s-1 and (d) = 20 000 kg s-1
Figure 8 shows that velocity of water is higher at the center of the bump and reaches
peak value. The red color in the center of the bump indicates very high velocity.
However, the velocity is lower at the side of the bump which indicated by the blue color
contour. The high velocity at the center due to the decrease pressure as the height
decreases in the center. This follows Bernoulli Principle, which states that for a constant
density of fluid, when pressure decreases, velocity increases and vice versa. For
16
different flowrates of water, the velocity change is not very much different and nearly
constant. This is because the velocity profile along the bump is constant for any mass
flowrate of water.
3.6 Vector contour
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
Figure 9: The velocity contour (a) = 80 kg s-1, (b) = 480 kg s-

(c) = 2 000 kg s-1 and (d) = 20 000 kg s-1
A vector field in the plane can be visualized as a collection of arrows with a given
magnitude and direction each attached to a point in the plane as in Figure 9. The vector
contour for all flow rates chosen is almost the same with the same range of velocity and
the same direction of flow. This shows that the presence of small bump do not affect the
vector field of fluid flow significantly.
17
3.7 Streamlines
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
Figure 10: The streamlines at (a) = 80 kg s-1, (b) = 480 kg s-1

(c) = 2 000 kg s-1 and (d) = 20 000 kg s-1
From Figure 10, it is observed that streamlines at the same instant of flow do not
intersect with each other. This is because fluid particles cannot have different velocities
at same point. From observation, it is also known that the streamlines located very near
to the bump at higher mass flowrates compare to lower mass flowrates. The gap
between one streamline to another streamline are not constant.at higher flowrates. This
is because fluid at higher flowrate is not very stable. However for lower flowrate, the
streamline profile varies smoothly and gradually with constant gap, which indicates
stable flow.
18
3.8 Graphs
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
Figure 11: Graph of Pressure [Pa] vs Distance [m] at (a) = 80 kg s-1, (b) = 480 kg s-
(c) = 2 000 kg s-1 and (d) = 20 000 kg s-1
Figure 11 shows the graph of pressure versus distance for water flow over a bump at
different mass flowrates. The graph indicates the change in pressure profile pattern in
similar in all cases. The only difference is the value of pressure at particular distance.
0 m on the graph shows the center position of the bump. The pressure of all flow rates is
steady before hitting the bump. But after the bump, a change in pressure is noticed..
After the bump, at about 0.3 m, the pressures of all the mass flow rates tend to become
steady. As explain in section 3.5, at the center of the bump, the pressure is lower.
19
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
Figure 12: Graph of Velocity [m s-1] vs Distance [m] at (a) = 80 kg s-1, (b) = 480 kg
s-1(c) = 2 000 kg s-1 and (d) = 20 000 kg s-1
Figure 12 shows the change in velocity over distance at different mass flow rates. The
velocity of water at the center of bump, 0 m position is higher for all mass flowrates due
to decrease in pressure. The velocity is steady before the bump. When the flow reaches
the bump at -0.7 m, the velocity starts to decreases and then increases drastically after
hitting the bump. After passing the bump the velocity decreases again until it reaches
0.4 m before becoming steady after 0.5 m. the change in velocity pattern is constant for
all mass flowrates.
20
3.9 Results summary
Figure 13: Mesh Information for CFX and Domain Physics for CFX
Figure 14: Boundary Physics for CFX at 80 kg s-1 (Boundary physics is similar to
other flowrates)
21
Solution report
Figure 15: Solution report for mass flowrate of 80 kg s-1
Figure 16: Solution report for mass flowrate of 480 kg s-1
Figure 17: Solution report for mass flowrate of 2 000 kg s-1
Figure 18: Solution report for mass flowrate of 20 000 kg s-1
22
CFX COMMANDS
4.1 CFX Commands for Mass Flow Rate of 80 kg s-1
LIBRARY:
MATERIAL: Water
Material Description = Water (liquid)
Material Group = Water Data, Constant Property Liquids
Option = Pure Substance
Thermodynamic State = Liquid
PROPERTIES:
Option = General Material
EQUATION OF STATE:
Density = 997.0 [kg m^-3]
Molar Mass = 18.02 [kg kmol^-1]
Option = Value
END
SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY:
Option = Value
Specific Heat Capacity = 4181.7 [J kg^-1 K^-1]
Specific Heat Type = Constant Pressure
END
REFERENCE STATE:
Option = Specified Point
Reference Pressure = 1 [atm]
Reference Specific Enthalpy = 0.0 [J/kg]
Reference Specific Entropy = 0.0 [J/kg/K]
Reference Temperature = 25 [C]
END
23
DYNAMIC VISCOSITY:
Dynamic Viscosity = 8.899E-4 [kg m^-1 s^-1]
Option = Value
END
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY:
Option = Value
Thermal Conductivity = 0.6069 [W m^-1 K^-1]
END
ABSORPTION COEFFICIENT:
Absorption Coefficient = 1.0 [m^-1]
Option = Value
END
SCATTERING COEFFICIENT:
Option = Value
Scattering Coefficient = 0.0 [m^-1]
END
REFRACTIVE INDEX:
Option = Value
Refractive Index = 1.0 [m m^-1]
END
THERMAL EXPANSIVITY:
Option = Value
Thermal Expansivity = 2.57E-04 [K^-1]
END
END
END
END
FLOW: Flow Analysis 1
SOLUTION UNITS:
Angle Units = [rad]
Length Units = [m]
Mass Units = [kg]
Solid Angle Units = [sr]
Temperature Units = [K]
Time Units = [s]
END
ANALYSIS TYPE:
Option = Steady State
EXTERNAL SOLVER COUPLING:
Option = None
END
END
DOMAIN: Domain 1
Coord Frame = Coord 0
Domain Type = Fluid
Location = B22
BOUNDARY: Domain 1 Default
Boundary Type = WALL
Location = F24.22,F26.22,F27.22,F28.22,F29.22,F30.22
BOUNDARY CONDITIONS:
MASS AND MOMENTUM:
Option = No Slip Wall
END
WALL ROUGHNESS:
Option = Smooth Wall
END
END
END
BOUNDARY: Inlet 1
Boundary Type = INLET
Location = F25.22
FLOW DIRECTION:
Option = Normal to Boundary Condition
END
FLOW REGIME:
24
Option = Subsonic
END
MASS AND MOMENTUM:
Mass Flow Rate = 480 [kg s^-1]
Mass Flow Rate Area = As Specified
Option = Mass Flow Rate
END
TURBULENCE:
Option = Medium Intensity and Eddy Viscosity Ratio
END
END
END
BOUNDARY: Outlet
Boundary Type = OUTLET
Location = F23.22
FLOW REGIME:
Option = Subsonic
END
MASS AND MOMENTUM:
Option = Average Static Pressure
Pressure Profile Blend = 0.05
Relative Pressure = 1 [atm]
END
PRESSURE AVERAGING:
Option = Average Over Whole Outlet
END
END
END
DOMAIN MODELS:
BUOYANCY MODEL:
Option = Non Buoyant
END
DOMAIN MOTION:
Option = Stationary
END
MESH DEFORMATION:
Option = None
END
REFERENCE PRESSURE:
END
END
FLUID DEFINITION: Water
Material = Water
Option = Material Library
MORPHOLOGY:
Option = Continuous Fluid
END
END
FLUID MODELS:
COMBUSTION MODEL:
Option = None
END
HEAT TRANSFER MODEL:
Option = None
END
THERMAL RADIATION MODEL:
Option = None
END
TURBULENCE MODEL:
Option = k epsilon
END
TURBULENT WALL FUNCTIONS:
Option = Scalable
END
25
END
END
OUTPUT CONTROL:
RESULTS:
File Compression Level = Default
Option = Standard
END
END
SOLVER CONTROL:
Turbulence Numerics = First Order
ADVECTION SCHEME:
Option = High Resolution
END
CONVERGENCE CONTROL:
Length Scale Option = Conservative
Maximum Number of Iterations = 100
Minimum Number of Iterations = 1
Timescale Control = Auto Timescale
Timescale Factor = 1.0
END
CONVERGENCE CRITERIA:
Residual Target = 1.E-4
Residual Type = RMS
END
DYNAMIC MODEL CONTROL:
Global Dynamic Model Control = On
END
END
END
COMMAND FILE:
Version = 16.1
Results Version = 16.1
END
SIMULATION CONTROL:
EXECUTION CONTROL:
EXECUTABLE SELECTION:
Double Precision = No
END
INTERPOLATOR STEP CONTROL:
Runtime Priority = Standard
MEMORY CONTROL:
Memory Allocation Factor = 1.0
END
END
PARALLEL HOST LIBRARY:
HOST DEFINITION: cad3pc
Remote Host Name = CAD3-PC
Host Architecture String = winnt-amd64
Installation Root = C:\Program Files\ANSYS Inc\v%v\CFX
END
END
PARTITIONER STEP CONTROL:
Multidomain Option = Automatic
Use Large Problem Partitioner = Off
END
MEMORY CONTROL:
END
PARTITION SMOOTHING:
Maximum Partition Smoothing Sweeps = 100
Option = Smooth
END
PARTITIONING TYPE:
MeTiS Type = k-way
26
Option = MeTiS
Partition Size Rule = Automatic
END
END
RUN DEFINITION:
Run Mode = Full
Solver Input File = CFX.def
Solver Results File = \
C:/Users/cadcam/Desktop/Bump_pending/dp0_CFX_Solution/CFX_001.res
END
SOLVER STEP CONTROL:
MEMORY CONTROL:
END
PARALLEL ENVIRONMENT:
Number of Processes = 1
Start Method = Serial
END
END
END
END
LIBRARY:
MATERIAL: Water
PROPERTIES:
EQUATION OF STATE:
27
Option = Value
END
Option = Value
END
REFERENCE STATE:
END
DYNAMIC VISCOSITY:
Option = Value
END
Option = Value
END
Option = Value
END
Option = Value
END
REFRACTIVE INDEX:
Option = Value
END
Option = Value
END
END
END
END
SOLUTION UNITS:
Angle Units = [rad]
Length Units = [m]
Mass Units = [kg]
Time Units = [s]
END
ANALYSIS TYPE:
Option = None
END
END
DOMAIN: Domain 1
Domain Type = Fluid
Location = B22
Location = F24.22,F26.22,F27.22,F28.22,F29.22,F30.22
MASS AND MOMENTUM:
28
END
WALL ROUGHNESS:
END
END
END
BOUNDARY: Inlet 1
Location = F25.22
FLOW DIRECTION:
END
FLOW REGIME:
Option = Subsonic
END
MASS AND MOMENTUM:
END
TURBULENCE:
END
END
END
BOUNDARY: Outlet
Location = F23.22
FLOW REGIME:
Option = Subsonic
END
MASS AND MOMENTUM:
END
PRESSURE AVERAGING:
END
END
END
DOMAIN MODELS:
BUOYANCY MODEL:
END
DOMAIN MOTION:
Option = Stationary
END
MESH DEFORMATION:
Option = None
END
REFERENCE PRESSURE:
END
END
Material = Water
MORPHOLOGY:
END
END
FLUID MODELS:
29
COMBUSTION MODEL:
Option = None
END
Option = None
END
Option = None
END
TURBULENCE MODEL:
Option = k epsilon
END
Option = Scalable
END
END
END
OUTPUT CONTROL:
RESULTS:
Option = Standard
END
END
SOLVER CONTROL:
ADVECTION SCHEME:
END
END
Residual Type = RMS
END
END
END
END
COMMAND FILE:
Version = 16.1
END
SIMULATION CONTROL:
EXECUTION CONTROL:
END
MEMORY CONTROL:
END
END
END
END
30
END
MEMORY CONTROL:
END
Option = Smooth
END
PARTITIONING TYPE:
MeTiS Type = k-way
Option = MeTiS
END
END
RUN DEFINITION:
Run Mode = Full
C:/Users/cadcam/Desktop/Bump_pending/dp0_CFX_Solution/CFX_001.res
END
MEMORY CONTROL:
END
END
END
END
END
31
LIBRARY:
MATERIAL: Water
PROPERTIES:
EQUATION OF STATE:
Option = Value
END
Option = Value
END
REFERENCE STATE:
END
DYNAMIC VISCOSITY:
Option = Value
END
32
Option = Value
END
Option = Value
END
Option = Value
END
REFRACTIVE INDEX:
Option = Value
END
Option = Value
END
END
END
END
SOLUTION UNITS:
Angle Units = [rad]
Length Units = [m]
Mass Units = [kg]
Time Units = [s]
END
ANALYSIS TYPE:
Option = None
END
END
DOMAIN: Domain 1
Domain Type = Fluid
Location = B22
Location = F24.22,F26.22,F27.22,F28.22,F29.22,F30.22
MASS AND MOMENTUM:
END
WALL ROUGHNESS:
END
END
END
BOUNDARY: Inlet 1
Location = F25.22
FLOW DIRECTION:
END
FLOW REGIME:
Option = Subsonic
END
MASS AND MOMENTUM:
33
END
TURBULENCE:
END
END
END
BOUNDARY: Outlet
Location = F23.22
FLOW REGIME:
Option = Subsonic
END
MASS AND MOMENTUM:
END
PRESSURE AVERAGING:
END
END
END
DOMAIN MODELS:
BUOYANCY MODEL:
END
DOMAIN MOTION:
Option = Stationary
END
MESH DEFORMATION:
Option = None
END
REFERENCE PRESSURE:
END
END
Material = Water
MORPHOLOGY:
END
END
FLUID MODELS:
COMBUSTION MODEL:
Option = None
END
Option = None
END
Option = None
END
TURBULENCE MODEL:
Option = k epsilon
END
Option = Scalable
END
END
END
OUTPUT CONTROL:
RESULTS:
34
Option = Standard
END
END
SOLVER CONTROL:
ADVECTION SCHEME:
END
END
Residual Type = RMS
END
END
END
END
COMMAND FILE:
Version = 16.1
END
SIMULATION CONTROL:
EXECUTION CONTROL:
END
MEMORY CONTROL:
END
END
END
END
END
MEMORY CONTROL:
END
Option = Smooth
END
PARTITIONING TYPE:
MeTiS Type = k-way
Option = MeTiS
END
END
RUN DEFINITION:
35
Run Mode = Full
C:/Users/cadcam/Desktop/bump2_pending/dp0_CFX_Solution/CFX_001.res
END
MEMORY CONTROL:
END
END
END
END
END
LIBRARY:
MATERIAL: Water
PROPERTIES:
36
EQUATION OF STATE:
Option = Value
END
Option = Value
END
REFERENCE STATE:
END
DYNAMIC VISCOSITY:
Option = Value
END
Option = Value
END
Option = Value
END
Option = Value
END
REFRACTIVE INDEX:
Option = Value
END
Option = Value
END
END
END
END
37
SOLUTION UNITS:
Angle Units = [rad]
Length Units = [m]
Mass Units = [kg]
Time Units = [s]
END
ANALYSIS TYPE:
Option = None
END
END
DOMAIN: Domain 1
Domain Type = Fluid
Location = B22
Location = F24.22,F26.22,F27.22,F28.22,F29.22,F30.22
MASS AND MOMENTUM:
END
WALL ROUGHNESS:
END
END
END
BOUNDARY: Inlet 1
Location = F25.22
FLOW DIRECTION:
END
FLOW REGIME:
Option = Subsonic
END
MASS AND MOMENTUM:
38
END
TURBULENCE:
END
END
END
BOUNDARY: Outlet
Location = F23.22
FLOW REGIME:
Option = Subsonic
END
MASS AND MOMENTUM:
END
PRESSURE AVERAGING:
END
END
END
DOMAIN MODELS:
BUOYANCY MODEL:
END
DOMAIN MOTION:
Option = Stationary
END
MESH DEFORMATION:
Option = None
END
REFERENCE PRESSURE:
END
END
Material = Water
MORPHOLOGY:
END
39
END
FLUID MODELS:
COMBUSTION MODEL:
Option = None
END
Option = None
END
Option = None
END
TURBULENCE MODEL:
Option = k epsilon
END
Option = Scalable
END
END
END
OUTPUT CONTROL:
RESULTS:
Option = Standard
END
END
SOLVER CONTROL:
ADVECTION SCHEME:
END
END
Residual Type = RMS
END
END
40
END
END
COMMAND FILE:
Version = 16.1
END
SIMULATION CONTROL:
EXECUTION CONTROL:
END
MEMORY CONTROL:
END
END
END
END
END
MEMORY CONTROL:
END
Option = Smooth
END
PARTITIONING TYPE:
MeTiS Type = k-way
Option = MeTiS
END
END
RUN DEFINITION:
41
Run Mode = Full
C:/Users/cadcam/Desktop/bump3_pending/dp0_CFX_Solution/CFX_001.res
END
MEMORY CONTROL:
END
END
END
END
END
42

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FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA

ADVANCED FLUID MECHANICS

LECTURER: DATIN DR. SITI ASLINA HUSSAIN

YUGANESWARAN A/L ARUMUGAM 174820

DATE PERFORMED: WEEK 11 - WEEK 14

DATE SUBMITTED: 19/12/2016

1.1 Computational Fluid Dynamics Software .............................................................. 3

1.2 Flow of Water over a Bump ................................................................................... 4

2.1 Geometry Creation ................................................................................................. 7

2.2 Meshing .................................................................................................................. 8

2.4 Post-processing ..................................................................................................... 13

2.5 Input parameters ................................................................................................... 13

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION..................................................................................... 14

3.1 Geometry .............................................................................................................. 14

3.2 Meshing ................................................................................................................ 14

3.3 CFX setup ............................................................................................................. 15

3.4 Mass Flowrate Contour ........................................................................................ 15

3.5 Velocity contour ................................................................................................... 16

3.6 Vector contour ...................................................................................................... 17

3.7 Streamlines ........................................................................................................... 18

3.9 Results summary .................................................................................................. 21

CFX COMMANDS ........................................................................................................ 23

4.1 CFX Commands for Mass Flow Rate of 80 kg s-1 ............................................... 23

computationally and experimentally determined global quantities. CFD is then

1.1 Computational Fluid Dynamics Software

bump. Fluids behavior is often counterintuitive, making it difficult, if not impossible, to

interactions confidently to predict and control fluid flow.

bump can change the character of the results.

Figure 1: Flow over a bump

H above the unperturbed surface. Fluid continuity yields;

Furthermore, application of Bernoulli's equation to a streamline lying on the surface of

the water (where the pressure is atmospheric) gives;

Eliminating v between Equations (1.1) and (1.3) and rearrange, we obtain;

Equation 1.4 is equivalent to;

equation 1.5 reduces to;

channel in the horizontal direction

in Figure 2 needed to be performed. The diameter of the bump, a perfect semi-sphere is

parameters such as velocity and pressure needed to be studied.

Figure 2: The flow of water over a bump of 0.15 m.

2.1 Geometry Creation

a) Importing CAD geometry into ANSYS workbench

1. ANSYS Workbench is opened and saved as “BumpFlow”.

then dragged into the Project Schematic area.

selections. Rename is selected and the component is renamed to

selected in the Menu Toolbar.

file is located, selected and OK is clicked.

Add Material is selected for operation.

8. Generate is clicked to attach the geometry in DesignModeler.

Figure 3: The imported geometry for CFD simulation.

Meshing Component (Component B).

3. Cell B3 is double clicked to open a new window of Meshing.

1. Mesh on Tree Outline is clicked and a “Details of Mesh” window appeared.

The other settings are set as follows

Table 1: The other settings for meshing

Tab Setting Value

3. Mesh is right clicked and Generate Mesh is selected to complete meshing.

1. ANSYS Workbench file is continued to be used.

2. CFX is located under Component Systems in the Toolbox.

Cell C2 (Setup) of Component C (CFX).

5. Cell B3 is right clicked and the option Update is selected.

6. Cell C2 is then double clicked and a new window of CFX-Pre is opened.