AC Unit-II Ppt-2

ANALOG
COMMUNICATIONS
UNIT-II AC
UNIT-II
Part-II
-Ram Thalluri
CONTENTS
2/18/2018
 Bandwidth of DSB-SC
 Power calculations of DSB-SC
PACE
 SSB Modulation
 Generation of SSB
-Frequency discrimination method
ECE
-Phase discrimination method
 Demodulation of SSB
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-Coherent Detector
 VSB Modulator
 Demodulation of VSB
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2/18/2018 PACE ECE ram thalluri
3
. 
4
5
.
SSBSC MODULATION
2/18/2018
 The process of suppressing one of the sidebands along with
the carrier and transmitting a single sideband is called
as Single Sideband Suppressed Carrier system or
PACE
simply SSBSC.
ECE
 It is plotted as shown in the following figure.
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SSBSC MODULATION
2/18/2018
PACE
 In the above figure, the carrier and the lower
sideband are suppressed.
ECE
 Hence, the upper sideband is used for
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transmission.
 Similarly, we can suppress the carrier and the

upper sideband while transmitting the lower
sideband. 7
SSBSC MODULATION
2/18/2018
 This SSBSC system, which transmits a single
sideband has high power, as the power allotted
for both the carrier and the other sideband is
PACE
utilized in transmitting this Single Sideband.
ECE
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9
SSBSC MODULATION
10
SSBSC MODULATION
. 
11
SSBSC MODULATION
12
SSBSC MODULATION
13
SSBSC MODULATION
. 
14
SSBSC MODULATION
. 
GENERATION OF SSB
2/18/2018
 We have to generate SSBSC wave using the
following two methods.
PACE
 Frequency discrimination method
ECE
 Phase discrimination method
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GENERATION OF SSB
2/18/2018
 Frequency Discrimination Method
PACE
 The following figure shows the block diagram of SSBSC
modulator using frequency discrimination method.
ECE
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GENERATION OF SSB
2/18/2018
 Frequency Discrimination Method
 In this method, first we will generate DSBSC wave with
the help of the product modulator.
PACE
 Then, apply this DSBSC wave as an input of band pass
ECE
filter.
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 This band pass filter produces an output, which is SSBSC
wave.
17
GENERATION OF SSB
2/18/2018
 Select the frequency range of band pass filter as the
spectrum of the desired SSBSC wave.
PACE
 This means the band pass filter can be tuned to either
upper sideband or lower sideband frequencies to get the
ECE
respective SSBSC wave having upper sideband or lower
sideband.
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GENERATION OF SSB
2/18/2018
 Phase Discrimination Method
 The following figure shows the block diagram of SSBSC
modulator using phase discrimination method.
PACE
ECE
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GENERATION OF SSB
2/18/2018
 This block diagram consists of two product modulators,
two −90 degrees phase shifters, one local oscillator and one
summer block.
PACE
ECE
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GENERATION OF SSB
2/18/2018
 The product modulator produces an output, which is the product
of two inputs.
PACE
 The −90 degrees phase shifter produces an output, which has a
phase lag of −90 degrees with respect to the input.
ECE
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21
GENERATION OF SSB
2/18/2018
 The local oscillator is used to generate the carrier signal.
Summer block produces an output, which is either the sum
PACE

of two inputs or the difference of two inputs based on the
polarity of inputs.
ECE
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22
GENERATION OF SSB
2/18/2018
 The modulating signal Am cos(2πfmt) and the carrier
signal Ac cos(2πfct) are directly applied as inputs to the
upper product modulator.
PACE
 So, the upper product modulator produces an output, which
is the product of these two inputs.
ECE
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23
GENERATION OF SSB
2/18/2018
 The output of upper product modulator is
PACE
ECE
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24
GENERATION OF SSB
2/18/2018
 The modulating signal Am cos(2πfmt) and the carrier
signal Ac cos(2πfct) are phase shifted by −90 degrees before
applying as inputs to the lower product modulator.
PACE
ECE
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25
GENERATION OF SSB
2/18/2018
 So, the lower product modulator produces an output, which
is the product of these two inputs.
PACE
ECE
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26
27
GENERATION OF SSB
. 
GENERATION OF SSB
2/18/2018
 .
PACE
ECE
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 Hence, by properly choosing the polarities of inputs at
summer block, we will get SSBSC wave having a upper 28
sideband or a lower sideband.
DEMODULATION OF SSB-SC
2/18/2018
 The process of extracting an original message
PACE
signal from SSB-SC wave is known as detection
or demodulation of SSB-SC.
ECE
 Coherent detector is used for demodulating
SSBSC wave.
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
29
Coherent Detector
2/18/2018

 Here, the same carrier signal (which is used for generating
SSBSC wave) is used to detect the message signal.
PACE
 Hence, this process of detection is called
as coherent or synchronous detection.
ECE
 Following is the block diagram of coherent detector.
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
30
2/18/2018
 In this process, the message signal can be extracted from
SSB SC wave by multiplying it with a carrier, having the
same frequency and the phase of the carrier used in SSBSC
PACE
modulation.
ECE
 The resulting signal is then passed through a Low Pass
Filter. The output of this filter is the desired message
signal.
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31
32
SSB-SC
DEMODULATION OF
. 
33
SSB-SC
DEMODULATION OF
. 
34
SSB-SC
DEMODULATION OF
.
35
SSB-SC
DEMODULATION OF
.
36
SSB-SC
DEMODULATION OF
.
37
SSB-SC
DEMODULATION OF
.
VSB-SC MODULATION
2/18/2018
 SSBSC modulated signal has only one sideband
frequency.
PACE
 Theoretically, we can get one sideband frequency
component completely by using an ideal band
ECE
pass filter.
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 However, practically we may not get the entire
sideband frequency component.
 Due to this, some information gets lost. 38

VSBSC MODULATION
2/18/2018
 To avoid this loss, a technique is chosen, which is a
compromise between DSBSC and SSBSC.
PACE
 This technique is known as Vestigial Side Band
Suppressed Carrier (VSBSC) technique.
ECE
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 The word “vestige” means “a part” from which, the
name is derived.
39
VSBSC MODULATION
2/18/2018
 To generate a VSB signal, we have to first generate a DSB-
SC signal and then pass it through a sideband filter as
shown in fig. 1 .
PACE
 This filter will pass the wanted sideband as it is along with
ECE
a part of unwanted sideband .
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VSBSC MODULATION
Frequency Domain Description
2/18/2018

The spectrum of VSB is as shown in fig. 2 .
PACE
ECE
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VSBSC MODULATION
2/18/2018
 The spectrum of message signal x(t) has also been shown .
In the frequency spectrum, it is assumed that the upper
PACE

sideband is transmitted as it is and the lower sideband is
modified into vestigial sideband .
ECE
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42
VSBSC MODULATION
2/18/2018
 Transmission Bandwidth
 From fig. 2 (b), it is evident that the transmission
bandwidth of the VSB modulated wave is given by :
PACE
ECE
 Where fm = Message bandwidth
 fv = Width of the vestigial sideband
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VSBSC MODULATION
2/18/2018
 Application of VSB
PACE
 VSB modulation has become standard for the
transmission of television signal .
ECE
 Because the video signal need a large
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transmission bandwidth if transmitted using
DSB-FC or DSB-SC techniques .
44
VSBSC MODULATION
2/18/2018
 Generation of VSB Modulated Wave
 The block diagram of a VSB modulator is shown
PACE
in fig.3 .
ECE
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45
VSBSC MODULATION
2/18/2018
 The modulating signal x(t) is applied to a product
modulator .
PACE
 The output of the carrier oscillator is also applied to the
other input of the product modulator .
ECE
 The output of the product modulator is then given by :
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m(t) = x(t) . c(t)

46
VSBSC MODULATION
2/18/2018
 m(t) = x(t) . c(t)
= x(t) . Vc cos(2π fct)
PACE
 This represents a DSB-SC modulated wave .
ECE
 This DSB-SC signal is then applied to a sideband shaping
filter .
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47
VSBSC MODULATION
2/18/2018
 The design of this filter depends on the desired spectrum of
the VSB modulated signal.
PACE
 This filter will pass the wanted sideband and the vestige of
the unwanted sideband .
ECE
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48
VSBSC MODULATION
2/18/2018
 Let the transfer function of the filter be H(f) .
PACE
 Hence, the spectrum of the VSB modulated
signal is given by :
ECE
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49
VSBSC MODULATION
2/18/2018
 Demodulation of VSB Wave
 The block diagram of the VSB demodulator is
PACE
shown in fig.4 .
ECE
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50
VSBSC MODULATION
2/18/2018
 Working Operation
 The VSB modulated wave is passed through a product modulator
where it is multiplied with the locally generated synchronous
PACE
carrier .
ECE
 Hence, the output of the product modulator is given by :
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52
VSBSC MODULATION
.
53
VSBSC MODULATION
. 
54
VSBSC MODULATION
. 
55
VSBSC MODULATION
.
56
.

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ANALOG

 Similarly, we can suppress the carrier and the

Summer block produces an output, which is either the sum

 Due to this, some information gets lost. 38

Frequency Domain Description

The spectrum of VSB is as shown in fig. 2 .

In the frequency spectrum, it is assumed that the upper

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