1. Derive the relation for determining the pile load carrying capacity of driven piles in sand by static method.

(5) [072 B]
2. Differentiate the following: (2x3) [072 B]
a. Batter pile and Tension pile
b. Individual failure and Block failure
c. Drop hammer and Steam hammer
3. Give a method to determine the bearing capacity of a pile in clay soil. What is group effect and how will you
estimate the capacity of a pile group in clay? (5) [071 R]
4. A group of 9 piles with 3 piles in row was driven into a soft clay extending from ground level to a great
depth. The diameter and the length of the piles were 30 cm and 10 m respectively. The unconfined
compressive strength of the clay is 70 kPa. If the piles were placed 90 cm centre to centre, compute the
allowable load on the pile group on the basis of a shear failure criteria for a factor of safety of 2.5. (5) [071
R]
5. How the behavior of single pile differs in its group actions? (2) [071 B]
6. Design a friction pile group to carry a load of 3000 kN including the weight of pile cap, at site where the soil
is uniform clay to a depth of 20 m, underlain by rock. Average unconfined compressive strength of clay is
70 kN/m2. Take factor of safety of 3 and adhesion factor 0.4. (6) [071 B] [065 R/B]
7. Derive the static pile load formula for the driven pile. (6) [070 R]
8. A group of 9 piles, 12 m long and 250 mm in diameter is to be arranged in a square form in a clay soil with
an average unconfined compressive strength of 60 kN/m 2. Work out the centre to centre spacing of the
piles for a group efficiency factor of 1.0. Neglect bearing at the tip of the piles. Take adhesion factor as 0.90.
(6) [070 R]
9. What is laterally loaded pile? (2) [070 B]
10. A circular pile group of 16 piles penetrates through an unconsolidated soil of 3.5 m depth. The diameter of
circular pile is 60 cm and piles spacing 800 cm. the average unconfined compressive strength of the material
is 60 kN/m2 and the unit weight of soil is 16 kN/m 3. Compute the negative skin friction on the group. Take
adhesion factor = 1. (8) [070 B]
11. What are the functions of pile foundation? (2) [069 R]
12. Determine the group efficiency of a rectangular group of piles with 4 rows, 3 piles per row, the uniform pile
spacing being 3 times the pile diameter. If the individual pile capacity is 100 kN, what is the group capacity
according to this concept? (8) [069 R]
13. What is negative skin friction? Describe the circumstances on which pile foundation has to be selected. Also
describe the selection procedure of pile type. (2+3+3) [068 R]
14. A RCC pile weighing 41.2 kN (including weight of helmet and dolly) is driven by drop hammer weighing 49
kN and having an effective fall of 1 m. the average settlement per blow is 14 mm. the total elastic
compression is 12 mm. assuming the coefficient of restitution as 0.2 an FOS as 2.5, calculate the ultimate
load and allowable load for the pile. (8) [068 R]
15. Derive a method to determine the bearing capacity of a pile in c and ɸ soil. What is group effect and how
will you estimate the capacity of a pile group in c and ɸ soil. Explain with neat sketch? Explain the application
and limitations of pile load test. (3+4+3) [068 R/B]
16. A 30 cm square pile, 15 m long, is driven in a deposit of medium dense sand ( ɸ = 360,𝑁𝛾 = 40 and 𝑁𝑞 = 42).
The unit weight of sand is 15 kN/m3. What is the allowable load with a factor of safety of 3? (6) [068 R/B]
17. What are the different circumstances under which a pile foundation is used? Calssify pile foundation on the
basis of (2+6) [ 067 R/B]
a. Material
b. Load transfer
c. Method of installation
18. A square pile group of 16 piles passes through a filled up soil of 3 m depth. The pile diameter is 25 cm and
pile spacing is 75 cm. if the unit cohesion of the material is 18 kN/m3 and unit weight is 15 kN/m3, compute
the negative skin friction on the group. (8) [067 R/B]
19. Describe the various ways of classifying piles. (10) [066 B]
20. A friction pile 300 mm diameter is proposed to be driven in a layer of uniform cohesive soil having shear
strength of 40 kN/m2. The adhesion factor between soil and pile material is 0.7. neglecting base resistance,
determine the length of pile required to carry a safe load of 200 kN with FOS of 2.5. (6) [066 B]
21. Design a friction pile group to carry a load of 235 kN including the weight of the pile cap for a site where
the soil is uniform clay to a depth of 20 m underlain by rock. Average unconfined compressive strength of
the clay is 100 kN/m2. Take FOS as 3 and Nc as 9. (8) [065 R/B] [060 R/B]
22. Define pile foundation. Mention types of pile load test. Describe in brief with neat sketches the construction
techniques of driven and cast-in-place pile. (1+1+6) [065 B]
23. In a pile group, 25 piles are arranged in a uniform pattern in a soft clayey soil with equal spacing in all
directions. Determine the optimum value of the spacing. Neglect the end bearing effect and take the
adhesion factor 0.7. Assume that each pile is circular section and take average undrained cohesion of 18
kN/m2. (8) [065 B]
24. Define pile foundation. Describe the classification of piles based on the materials and mode of transfer of
loads. Explain in detail, the types of pile load tests. (1+3+4) [065 R/B]
25. Define pile foundation. What are the uses of pile foundation? Derive a general relation for the carrying
capacity of a single pile in c-ɸ soils. (1+2+5) [064 R/B]
26. A pile group has to be proportioned in a uniform pattern in soft clay with equal spacing in both directions.
Assuming any value for cohesion, determine the optimum spacing of the piles in the group. Take 16
numbers of pile and adhesion factors 0.7. Neglect the end bearing effect and assume that the piles are
circular in section. (8) [064 R/B]
27. Define negative skin friction. Describe how do you calculate the negative skin friction in single and pile
groups. What are the methods of reducing skin friction? (2+4+2) [063 R/B]
28. Two independent loading tests on 320 mm diameter short bored piles in clay yielded the following results:

Embedded length of pile Added load at failure

(m) (kN)
2.50 115
2.90 125
Assuming the adhesion is effective over the whole of the embedded length. Estimate the mean cohesion of
the soil and the shaft adhesion factor to be used in extrapolating the test results to larger piles. The densities
of sol sand concrete are 1920 kg/m3 and 2400 kg/m3 respectively. (8) [063 R/B]

29. What are the methods of determining the carrying capacity of single vertical pile? Derive an expression to
determine static bearing capacity. (8) [062 B]
30. What are the various factors that affect selection of pile type? How would you calculate the carrying
capacity of piles in clays and sands by static equations method? Define efficiency of group piles. (2+5+1)
[062 R/B]
31. What are the assumptions made for the estimating of settlement of a group of friction piles in clay? For a
pile designed for an allowable load of 400 kN driven by a steam hammer (single acting) with a rated energy
of 207 ton-cm, what is the terminal set of the pile? Use ENR formula. (2+6) [062 R/B]
32. How do you classify pile foundations on the basis of (i) materials (ii) method of installation and (iii) load
transfer? Define negative skin friction with its effect on the piles. (6+2) [061 R/B]
33. A group of nine piles 12 m long and 250 mm in diameter is to be arranged in a square form in a clay soil
with an average unconfined compressive strength of 60 kN/m2. Calculate the center to center spacing of
the piles for a group efficiency factor of 1. Neglect bearing at the tip of the piles and take adhesion factor
of 0.9. (8) [061 R/B)
34. Describe the types of pile load test. Also describe the set up and methodology of pile load test.
(8) [061 B]
35. A pile group consists of 9 friction piles of 30 cm diameter and 10 m length driven in clay (cu = 100
kN/m2,𝛾 = 20 kN/m3). The piles are arranged in square pattern and the center to center spacing is
kept 750 mm. Determine the safe load for the pile group. Take FOS = 3.0 and 𝛼 = 0.6. (8) [060 B]
36. Describe the possible defects that may arise in the construction of bored piles. Give advantages and
disadvantages (three each) of bored piles compared to driven piles. (8) [058 R/B]
37. A pile group consists of 1600 piles is driven into a clay deposit. The piles are arranged in square
configuration, i.e. 40 piles in each direction. The centre to centre distances between the piles in both
directions are 0.60 m. The length of the pile is 10 m and the diameter is 0.25 m. The average undrained
shear strength along the length of the pile is 40 kN/m 2 and the adhesion factor is 0.8. Determine he ultimate
load capacity of the individual pile. Determine also the ultimate load capacity of the block assuming the pile
group behaves as a block.