Questions Of SIP

Time: 3hrs

Name:
Total Mark: 100
Secured Mark:
Each question contains its respective mark in the R.H.S.

1. What dose RFC mean? Which organization is responsible for RFC? 2

Ans: RFC means Request for comment. It is something that describes the different aspects of
Signalling protocol i:e: SIP. IETF(Internet Engineering Task Force) organization is responsible for
RFC.

2. What is difference between RFC 2543 & RFC 3261? 2

Ans:- :- .Difference between RFC 2543 & RFC 3261 are in case of RFC-2543, transport media
UDP is present whereas in case of RFC-3261, the transport media is both TCP and UDP are
present. In case of RFC 2543 from tag is not mandatory whereas in case of RFC 3261 from tag is
mandatory. Magic cookie number is not present in case of RFC 2543 whereas it is present in case
of RFC 3261. in RFC 2543 call leg is present, whereas in RFC 3261 dialog is present. RFC 2543
supports strict routing whereas RFC 3261 supports loose routing.

3. What is SIP? Write briefly? 2

Ans:- :- SIP is a signaling protocol. It is mainly used to initiate, terminating and updating session
between participants. It is mainly an internet telephony call to establish the session between two or
more users by the using of SIP phone.

4. What are the protocols needed for a SIP session. Write the functionality of each of them? 5

Ans:- Five protocols are needed for a SIP session. Those are SIP,UDP,TCP,SDP,RTP. SIP
protocol is used to initiate, terminate and updating session. UDP is used for transport purpose
which is connection oriented. TCP is also used for transport purpose which is connection less.
SDP stands for session description protocol which is used to describe the session which is to
be started means whether the session is Audio or Video session. RTP which stands for real
time protocol is used to transport data over real time. It means it transports data after the
data is identified. After we describe the session is SDP , then RTP helps to send that type of
data over real time.
5. How many servers required completing a successful transaction? Transaction is identified by
which thing? 1

Ans:- Two servers are required completing a successful transaction. Transaction is identified
by branch id.

6. If Sip & EAST both r related? How? 2

Ans:- Yes both are related. In East we use the SIP protocol to create message and send that
message and receive that message. East is a Tool which uses this protocol.

7. How a session established in SIP? 2

Ans:- session is established when a UAC send request to UAS and UAS receives that request,
gives 180 ringing response and 200 OK response to UAC ,then UAC send ACK request to UAS
for receiving the final 2xx i:e: 200 ok.after this session is called to be established in SIP.

8. What are the different Requests present in sip? Explain each of them? 5
Ans :- different requests present in SIP are INVITE, REGISTER,ACK, CANCEL, BYE ,
CONTACT, PRACK, SUBSCRIBE, NOTIFY,. INVITE request is used to invite a user to
participate in a session or call. Register method is used to bind a particular address in the
location server or service. User need to register itself in a domain or server before beginning
the session. ACK method is used to acknowledge the final response it means after getting the
final response this request is used. CANCEL method is used to terminate a pending session it
means in case of pending session i:e: the session is not established, this method is used. Bye
method is used to terminate an established session. CONTACT method is used to know the
request which will be used in future. It means in future if needed to send request from that
address then that address can be known from contact header filed . PRACK method is used to
acknowledge the reliable 1xx response. SUBSCRIBE method is used to query the state of an
event or for receiving notification of a particular event. NOTIFY method is used to notify the
user about the particular event by displaying SUBSCRIPTION state header field. The
subscription state header field contains three state i:e: Active, Pending and terminated.

9. What are the different responses present in sip? Explain each of them at least giving one
example for each? 5

Ans: The different types of responses are 1xx called provisional response. Its example is 100
trying. 2xx is called successful response. Its examples is 200 ok .3xx is called is redirect
response.302 move temporarily. 4xx is called client error response. 400 bad request. 5xx is called
server error response. 502 bad gateway.6xx is called global error response. Example is 600 Busy
every where. Except 1xx all are called final responses.

10. Is SIP is a layered protocol? If how many layers it supported? 2

Ans: Yes sip is layered protocol. There are four layers it supports. First is called syntax encoding
layer, two is transport layer, third is called transaction layer and fourth is called transaction user
layer.
11. What are the different servers supported by sip. Write each of them. When Proxy server
forwards a request what are the changes made by it? 4

Ans. The different servers supported by EAST are register server, redirect server, user-agent
server. User agent server is of two types user agent client(UAC) and user agent server(UAS)
Register server: register server is used to register the contact address of user is stored.
Redirect server: A redirect server is used is redirect a request to a registar server (location server)
where it can get a contact ( current location ) of the user. It generates 3xx responses to requests it
receives.
User agent server: User agent servers are of two types User Agent Client and user agent server.
User Agent Client: user agent client is a logical entity that creates a new request.
User Agent Server: user agent server is a logical entity that generates a response to a SIP request. It
can accepts, rejects and redirects the request.

When proxy server forwards a request then in the message it adds its own address a via header, a
record –route parameter is added in the message is required. The branch id is stored with the proxy
server. The max- forward value is decreased by one.

12. What is the use of Redirect Server? 1

Ans: Redirect server accepts SIP requests, then it process that requests and give the current
location of the user by providing the Redirection response i:e: 3xx.

13. What is registration in SIP? Why registration is required for a user agent? 2

Ans: Registration is to bind a particular address in the location server. Registration is

required to receive incoming call from other user agents.

14. What r the mandatory parameters in SIP? Explain each of them? 5

Ans: The mandatory parameter in Sip are To, From, Via, Cseq, call-id, maxforward. To parameter
contains the remote user address i.e. the person to whom the invite will be send. From parameter
contains local user the person who sends a invite request. It contains the address of the originator
of the Via parameter contains the address through which the response will come. Call-id parameter
is used to identify the particular call. Max-forward is used to count how many hops the request can
go. Cseq is to counts the number of methods.

15. What is the relationship between TO & Request URI headers in SIP? 2

Ans:- The TO header field contains the destination address of the request means who will receive
the request and send the response. Request URI contains the address who will identify the user
agent server to process the request. Request URI is present in the top of the call flow means it is
the first line in the call flow.
16. What is the difference between Update and Re-Invite Requests ? 2

Ans:- :- UPDATE method is used to send request before the session is establish. Re-invite request
is used after the establishment of an session. It can be said as before getting the 2xx response user
can send Update request whereas Re-Invite request is sent after getting final response.

17. Why branch is used in VIA header? What is the size of magic cookie? 2

Ans:- Branch is used to identify a transaction in the response part. The size of magic cookie is
seven (7) bytes. i:e: z9hG4bK.

18. What do u mean by pending session and established session? Which methods are used for
terminate the each session? What are the Cseq value for the methods used in each case if the Cseq
value is “1 INVITE” for the Invite method. 4

Ans : Pending session is a session which is not established, means here request is sent but that
request is not received by the UAS.means UAC still not get the final response from the UAS.
Whereas established session is something where user agent client send request and UAS gives the
response 180 ringing followed by 200 OK response and then UAC send ACK response to UAS.
After that the session become established. The Cseq value for the Cancel method is 1 CANCEL
and the C seq value for ACK which is meant for final response is 1 ACK.

19. What r the different uri type in SIP? Write them with example. 2

Ans;- Different uri type in SIP are SIP, SIPS and TEL. example of SIP URI is
SIP:Rajesh@yahoo.com , SIPs URI is SIPS: Rajesh@yahoo.com, TEL:Rajesh@yahoo.com.

20. How do I put a call on hold? 1

Ans:- I put a call on hold by mentioning c=(0.0.0.0)

21. UAC sends an INVITE. But before receiving the 200 OK response it will send a CANCEL,
then what comes for CANCEL and what come for INVITE. 1

Ans:- 200 ok comes for the cancel and 487 request terminated for the invite.

22. Is branch, call-id and CSeq value remain same for the above case. If not then whose value will
be changed. 2

Ans:- branch ,call-id, cseq value will remain same.

23. Write down the SUBSCRIPTION 9

call flow where

Domain=orissa.com
 User=sashi

Ans- SUBSCRIPTION sip:orissa.com SIP/2.0

Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 36.212.176.10:5080;branch=z9hG4bK1234
Max-Forwards: 70
From: "sashi"<sip:sashi@orissa.com>;tag=12345
To: "B"<sip: sashi@orissa.com>
Call-ID: 1234@orissa.com
CSeq: 1 SUBSCRIBE
Contact: <sip:36.212.176.10:5080>
Event: reg
Allow-Events: reg.
Accept: application
Expires: 3600

200_OK_SUBSCRIBE
SIP/2.0 200 OK
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 36.212.176.10:5080;branch=z9hG4bK1234
From: "sashi"<sip:sashi@orissa.com>;tag=12345
To: "sashi"<sip:sashi@orissa.com>;tag=1234
Call-ID: 1234@orissa.com
CSeq: 1 SUBSCRIBE
Contact: <sip:36.212.176.10:5080>
Content-Length: 0
Expires: 3600

NOTIFY
NOTIFY sip:36.212.176.10:5080 SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 36.212.176.30:5082;branchz9hG4bk1233
From: "sashi"<sip:sashi@orissa.com>;tag=1234
To: "sashi"<sip:sashi@orissa.com>;tag=12345
Max-Forwards: 70
Call-ID: 1234@orissa.com
CSeq: 111 NOTIFY
Contact: <sip:36.212.176.10:5080>
Event: reg
Subscription-State: active; expires=3600
Content-Type: application/reg+xml
Content-Length: 471

(The data will come in xml format.)

NOTIFY_200_OK
SIP/2.0 200 OK
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 36.212.176.30:5082;branchz9hG4bk1233
From: "sashi"<sip:sashi@orissa.com>;tag=12345
To: "sashi"<sip: sashi@orissa.com>;tag=12345
Call-ID: 1234@orissa.com
CSeq: 111 NOTIFY
Content-Length: 0

24.if the in the first register request the user get the 401 response then which header field is comes
with this. What are the contents of it? Write each of them. 4

Ans:- :- when 401 repose comes then the header www-authenticate will come and its contents
are relam,nonce,response, algorithm. Relam =contains the domain name. nonce = contains
random number value . Algorithm = contains algorithm name used to in the process.

25.call flow:
1>>Invite to ACK.
Domain=soft.com
Originating User=A
Terminating User=B 10

ANS;-INVITE sip:soft.com SIP/2.0

Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 36.212.176.10:5080;branch=z9hG4bK1234
Max-Forwards: 70
From: "A"<sip:A@soft.com>;tag=12345
To: "B"<sip: B@soft.com>
Call-ID: 1234@soft.com
CSeq: 1 SUBSCRIBE
Contact: <sip:36.212.176.10:5080>
Content-Length: 0
Expires: 3600

SIP/2.0 180 ringing

Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 36.212.176.08:5080;branch=z9hG4bK1234
From: "A"<sip:A@soft.com>;tag=12345
To: "B"<sip:B@soft.com>tag=11111
Call-ID: 1234@soft.com
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 0

SIP/2.0 200 ok
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 36.212.176.08:5080;branch=z9hG4bK1234
From: "A"<sip:A@ soft.com >;tag=12345
To: "B"<sip:B@ soft.com >tag=11111
Call-ID: 1234@soft.com
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Content-Length: 0

ACK sip:soft.com SIP/2.0

Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 36.212.176.08:5080;branch=z9hG4bK1236
Max-Forwards: 70
From: "A"<sip:A@ soft.com >;tag=12345
To: "B"<sip:B@ soft.com >tag=11111
Call-ID: 1234@soft.com
CSeq: 1 ACK
Contact: <sip:36.212.176.08:5080>
Content-Length: 0
Expires: 3600

26. What is the importance of q parameter? How it is used? 2

Ans:- q parameter is used to set the priority . it is used in contact , accept-language header.

27. If I register myself in 10 different location and I got 10 contacts then how can I deregister those
10 contacts at one goal. 1

Ans:- contact=*,
Expires=0.

28. The contact header contains what? 1

Ans:- contact header field contains the address of the originator request it means the address of the
originator of the request is present in the contact header.

29. If the max-forward value decrement to zero but the request dose not reached the final
destination then what response will come. 1

Ans:- if the max forward value decrement to zero but the request does not reached the final
destination then the response 483 too many hops comes which is a 4xx response.

30. Dose branch and to tag will change in the ACK request. 2

Ans:- yes branch id will be changed in case of ACK request whereas to tag value will not change.
31. What are the mandatory parameters present in SDP? 2

Ans:- The mandatory parameter present in SDP are call . V(protocol version name), O(originator),
S (session name), T(start time and end time), M ( media type).

32. What is the importance of Via header, Contact and Route header in SIP message flow? 4

Ans:- Via header is used to direct a response, it also contains the trans port type and sip version
branch id . route is used to direct a request to the useragent server . contact is used to used to to
know exact location of the user gent and to contact it directly.

33. Dose To header field value change when it traverse form one proxy to another. 1

Ans:- No
34. When TCP is used as transport in SIP. 1

Ans:- for reliable transport purpose TCP is used in SIP.

35. What are merged Requests? 2

Ans:-

36. If u sends a Subscription & the server sends u notification, what changes you have seen? 2

Ans:- if we send a Subscription & the server sends us notification then the changes that have
been occurred is one extra header field i:e : Subscription-state header filed will be added in
case of notify request mentioning the state of the subscription. Except from this to and from
header field will be interchanged means in case of subscription part the To tag the address
which we mention, will be the address of the from tag part in case of notification and in the
from part address of the subscription part will be the address of the To field in notification
part.