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Contenido
1. ORIGIN OF THE TERM CREATIVITY ............................................................................................ 2
2. CREATIVITY ................................................................................................................................ 4
2.1 CONCEPTS............................................................................................................................ 4
2.2 ELEMENTS IN CREATIVITY ................................................................................................... 4
2.3 CHARACTERISTICS ............................................................................................................... 5
2.4 WHAT FOSTERS CREATIVITY? .............................................................................................. 6
EXAMPLES OF NON “SELF-LIMITATION” ............................................................................... 6
RESTRICTIONS........................................................................................................................ 7
2.5 THE DARK SIDE .................................................................................................................... 7
KILLER PHRASES ..................................................................................................................... 7
DARK SIDE THINGS TO AVOID .......................................................................................... 7
TECHNIQUES TO UNLOCK...................................................................................................... 8
3. PLACES – THAT FOSTER CREATIVITY.......................................................................................... 8
4. PROCESSES ................................................................................................................................ 9
4.1 CONCEPT ............................................................................................................................. 9
4.2 PHASES ................................................................................................................................ 9
4.3 TECHNIQUES (INTRO) ........................................................................................................ 10
4.4 IDEA EVALUATION ............................................................................................................ 10
5. PEOPLE - ARE WE BORN OR DO WE BECOME CREATIVE?....................................................... 11
5.1 PERSONALITY..................................................................................................................... 11
5.2 CREATIVE PEOPLE .............................................................................................................. 12
5.3 INNOVATIVE ROLES ........................................................................................................... 13
5.4 YOU AND THE CREATIVITY................................................................................................. 15
6. BIBLIOGRAPHY - WEBGRAPHY ................................................................................................ 16
BIBLIOGRAPHY......................................................................................................................... 16
WEBGRAPHY............................................................................................................................ 16
VIDEOS..................................................................................................................................... 17
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1. ORIGIN OF THE TERM CREATIVITY
"A hunch is creativity trying to tell you something," Frank Kafka
Extra material: ELISABETH GILBERT ON GENIOUS ("Eat, Pray, Love" 's Author)
https://www.ted.com/talks/elizabeth_gilbert_on_genius?language=en
2
THEREFORE
besides
Extra material:
http://simonton.faculty.ucdavis.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/243/2015/08/HistoryCreativity.pdf
Currently….
http://www.creativeclass.com/
Based on work by RICHARD FLORIDA 2012: The Creative Class
http://www.creativeclass.com/richard_florida/books/the_rise_of_the_creative_class
People that contribute to generate ideas. In the crisis of 2007-2010, only 2% lost their
workplace.
Creativity as a personal asset.
http://www.businessinsider.com/why-the-creative-class-is-taking-over-the-world-2012-7
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/richard-florida/creativity-is-the-new-eco_b_1608363.html
"The distance between insanity and genius is measured only by success." Bruce Feirstein
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2. CREATIVITY
"The pessimist complains about the wind, the optimist expects it to change, the realist adjusts
the sails." William Arthur Ward
2.1 CONCEPTS
Difference between imagination, creativity and innovation.
Imagination (eg child) creativity (art, business ...) Innovation
Purpose implementation
(viable, feasible
profitable, useful ..)
CREATIVITY = IMAGINATION +
Originality + Utility + social value
i.e a computer randomly generating content Original but not useful
Examples:
Wheel (7000 years) + suitcase = trolley
Tin can (1810). First opener (1850). How did people open cans before?
In fact,
CREATIVITY = Widening the range of choice
Break the chains of habit
INNOVATION: Not necessarily technical, or object or thing.
EXTRA MATERIAL
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2.3 CHARACTERISTICS
Torrance Framework for Creative Thinking
A common framework for creative thinking is Processes Described by Torrance (1979). Each
aspect is defined below, along with ways to Facilitate the respective aspect by using key words
and application activities.
http://people.bethel.edu/~shenkel/PhysicalActivities/CreativeMovement/CreativeThinking/To
rrance.html
Fluency
Definition: Fluency Refers to the production of a great number of ideas, or alternate
solutions to a problem. Fluency IMPLIES understanding, not just remembering. That
information is Learned.
Key words: Compare, convert, count, define, describe, Explain, Identify, label, list,
match, name, outline, paraphrase, predict, summarize.
Originality
Definition: Originality Involves the production of Ideas that are unique or unusual. It
Involves synthesis or information on a topic set together in a new way.
Key words: Compose, create, design, generate, integrate, modify, rearrange,
reconstruct, reorganize, revise
Flexibility
Definition: Refers to the Flexibility of Ideas that we are able to generate, that show a
variety of possibilities or realms of thought. It Involves the Ability to see things from
different points of view, to use many different Approaches or strategies.
Key words: Change, Demonstrate, distinguish, employ, extrapolate, interpolate,
interpret, predict.
Elaboration
Definition: Elaboration is the process of Enhancing thoughts by providing more
detail. Additional detail and clarity Improves interest in, and understanding of, the
topic.
Key words: Appraise, critique, determine, Evaluate, grade, judge, measure, select, test.
Extra material
http://www.creativitycards.net/flexibility-fluency-originality.html
https://creativiteach.me/creative-thinking-strategies/scamper/
http://www.casenex.com/casenet/frontPages/ysRC/resources/Strategy_Explanations_and_Int
roductions/
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2.4 WHAT FOSTERS CREATIVITY?
"Human creativity has no limits except those we place ourselves upon it" Carl Jung
High Jump
technique before 1968
Running the mile under 4 minutes Source: Bill Burnett. Stanford Center for Development
professional
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RESTRICTIONS
Even, working with restrictions can be positive. Even better than just having a" blank page"
They drive& focus our attention, positive in the process of creation.
Examples of exceptions: shaping the process
Example = Lars Von Triers and Dogma95 100%Realism
Northcote Parkinson (Laws): Work expands to fill the entire time we have.
KILLER PHRASES
Suicidal and killing phrases:
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"You cannot solve a problem with the same level of thinking that created it." Albert Einstein
SUMMARY: REMOVE
EXTRA MATERIAL
TECHNIQUES TO UNLOCK
• Which are your traditional fears / failures? write them down, and then “put them
aside”
• Set mini goals (eating an elephant bit a bit)
• Have a coffee with others, compare ideas
• Generate relaxed, fuzzy attention (eg walking, playing sports)
• Connect with your end user to have more information
• Rephrase the problems
• If you do not have restrictions, invent them, because restrictions make us more
creative
• Commit yourself with your relatives and friends and explain it
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4. PROCESSES
4.1 CONCEPT
Cognitive FIXING
Tendency to see a problem from a unique angle
= Titanic Iceberg as (only) the problem and not the solution
Luchins & Luchins 1942 "Einstellung"
http://www.investigacionyciencia.es/revistas/investigacion-y-
ciencia/numero/452/por-qu-las-buenas-ideas-bloquean-otras-mejores-12023
http://dspace.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/2276/1/Einstellung-Cognition.pdf
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einstellung_effect
4.2 PHASES
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4.3 TECHNIQUES (INTRO)
Basically, the different tools and techniques that foster our creativity focus on improving the
process
It is difficult to measure the "quality" (??) of an idea. Many experts did not manage to
understand some (good) new ideas.
Rubric
0 3
(Nothing, (A lot,
not at all) 1 2 much, very)
Originality
Flexible
/Variety
Elaboration
IF IT’S FOR
INNOVATION
(i.e. product
development)
Utility
Viability
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5. PEOPLE - ARE WE BORN OR DO WE BECOME CREATIVE?
"Every night we die and every morning we are reborn. Every day is a lifetime. "
Edward Young
5.1 PERSONALITY
• There is predisposition,
• It has to be worked and developed as any other wit/gift
Creativity and intelligence are not too associated : Creative Coefficient = / = IQ
• Openness to experience
• Internal locus evaluation
• Ability to play with concepts and elements
External (Environmental) elements
• Security
• Methodological freedom
Wrong topics
Creativity is only a matter for/of artists, it is a matter about getting/becoming
uninhibited, it is linked to intelligence, it is a matter of luck, it's a matter of
"inspiration"
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5.2 CREATIVE PEOPLE
Creative People are “ T shape” = Area of Deep knowledge + Broad interest (everything)
• Specialty + wide innovation (Ferran Adrià, Steve Jobs ...)
• Flexible, no rigid, open, they see distant relationships, learn,
• feel ok under uncertainty, persistent
• They like Autonomy (no other to decide what when how)
• Mastery Rule : 10 years or 10,000 hours
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5.3 INNOVATIVE ROLES
Excerpt from the theories from Tom Kelley 2005 - IDEO's General Manager
Faces of Innovation (The 10 Faces of Innovation) - Taxonomy of 10 kinds of roles/patterns =
5 for learning, 5 for construction http://www.tenfacesofinnovation.com/
Source: The Ten Faces of Innovation » The Ten Faces. 2017. The Ten Faces of
Innovation » The Ten Faces. [ONLINE] Available
at: http://www.tenfacesofinnovation.com/tenfaces/index.htm.
Individuals and Organizations Constantly need to gather new sources of information in order to expand
Their knowledge and grow, so the first three people are learning roles. These people are driven by the
thought That no matter how successful a company currently is, no one Can Afford to be complacent. The
world is changing at an accelerated pace, and today's great notion May be tomorrow's anachronism. The
learning roles help keep your team from becoming too internally focused, and remind the organization
not to be so smug About what you "know". People Who adopt the learning roles are humble enough to
question Their own worldview, and in doing so REMAIN They open to new insights every day.
The Anthropologist is rarely stationary. Rather, this is the person WHO ventures into the field to observe
how people interact With products, services, and experiences in order to come up with New
innovations. The Anthropologist is extremely good at reframing a problem in a new way, Humanizing the
scientific method to apply it to daily life. Anthropologists share distinguishing Characteristics Such as the
wisdom to observe with a truly open mind; empathy; intuition;The Ability to "see" Things That Have Gone
unnoticed; a tendency to keep running lists of innovative concepts worth emulating and problems need
solving That; and a way of seeking inspiration in unusual places.
The Experimenter celebrates the process, not the tool, testing and Retesting potential scenarios to make
tangible ideas. A Calculated Risk-taker, This person models everything from products to services to
Efficiently Proposals in order to reach a solution. To share the fun of discovery, the Experimenter invites
others to Collaborate, while making sure the Entire That process is saving time and money.
The Cross-Pollinator draws associations and connections Between seemingly unrelated concepts or ideas,
to break new ground. Armed with a wide set of interests, an avid curiosity, and an aptitude for learning
and teaching, the Cross-Pollinator Brings in Big Ideas from the outside world to enliven Their
organization. People Often In This role can be Identified by Their open mindedness, diligent note-taking,
tendency to think in metaphors, and Ability to reap inspiration from constraints.
The next three people are organizing roles, played by Individuals Who are savvy about the Often counter-
intuitive process of how thoughts move forward Organizations. At IDEO, we used to believe the Ideas That
Should speak for themselves. Now we Understand what the Hurdler, the Collaborator, and the director
Have Known all along: that even the best ideas, Continuously must compete for time, attention, and
resources. These Those Who adopt organizing roles do not dismiss the process of budget and resource
allocation as "politics" or "red tape." They Recognize it as a complex game of chess, and They play to win.
The Hurdler is a tireless problem-solver WHO gets a charge out of tackling something that's never been
done before. When Confronted with a challenge, the Hurdler gracefully sidesteps the obstacle while
Maintaining a quiet, positive determination. This optimism and perseverance can help big ideas, upend
the status quo as well as Setbacks turn into an organization's greatest Successes-DESPITE doomsday
forecasting by shortsighted experts.
The Collaborator is the rare person truly values the WHO individually over the team. In the interest of
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getting things done, the Collaborator coaxes people out of Their Work silos to form multidisciplinary
teams. In doing so, the person in esta role dissolves traditional boundaries Within Organizations and
Creates Opportunities for team members to assume new roles. More of a coach than a boss, the
Collaborator instills Their team with the confidence and skills needed to complete the shared journey.
The director has an acute understanding of the bigger picture, with a firm grasp on the press of Their
organization. Subsequently, the director is talented at setting the stage, targeting Opportunities, bringing
out the best in Their players, and getting things done. Through empowerment and inspiration, the person
in esta role motivates Those around them to take center stage and embrace the unexpected.
The four remaining people are building roles that apply insights from the learning roles and channel the
empowerment from the organizing roles to make innovation happen. When people adopt the building
people, They Their stamp mark on your organization. People In These roles are highly visible, so Often
you'll find them right at the heart of the action.
The Experience Architect That person is relentlessly focused on creating remarkable personal
experiences. This person Facilitates positive Encounters with your organization-through products,
services, digital interactions, spaces, or events. Whether an architect or a sushi chef, the Experience
Architect maps out how to turn something ordinary into something distinctive-even delightful-They get
every chance.
The Set Designer looks at every day as a chance to liven up Their workspace. They Promote energetic,
inspired by creating work environments cultures celebrate the personal and That Stimulate creativity. To
keep up With shifting needs and foster continuous innovation, the Set Designer Makes Adjustments to a
physical space to balance private and collaborative work opportunities. In doing so, This Person Makes
space itself one of an organization's Most versatile and powerful tools.
The Storyteller captures our imagination With compelling narratives of initiative, hard work, and
innovation. This person goes beyond oral tradition to work in whatever medium best fits Their skills and
message: video, narrative, animation, even comic strips. By rooting Their Stories in authenticity, the
Storyteller can spark emotion and action, transmit values and Objectives, foster collaboration, create
heroes, and lead people into the future and Organizations.
The Caregiver is the foundation of human-powered innovation. Through empathy, they Work To
Understand each customer individually and create a relationship. Whether a nurse in a hospital, a
salesperson in a retail shop, or a teller at an international financial institution, the Caregiver guides the
client Through the process to Provide them with a comfortable, human-centered experience.
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5.4 YOU AND THE CREATIVITY
Dr. Shelley Carson. 2017. The CREATES Brainset Model | Dr. Shelley Carson.
[ONLINE] Available at: http://www.shelleycarson.com/your-creative-brain/the-creates-
brainset-model. [Accessed 12 January 2017].
Then download and take the quiz to know which mindset is your mental comfort zone.
VIDEO
The Psychology of Creativity: Faculty Insight with Shelley Carson
Harvard Extension School
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KwTlbehPDbI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h8tHIi5ebEM
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6. BIBLIOGRAPHY - WEBGRAPHY
BIBLIOGRAPHY
How To Increase Higher Level Thinking | Center for Development and Learning. 2017. How To Increase
Higher Level Thinking | Center for Development and Learning. [ONLINE] Available at:
http://www.cdl.org/articles/how-to-increase-high-order-thinking/ [Accessed 12 January 2017].
Psychology Today. 2017. The Creative Personality | Psychology Today. [ONLINE] Available at:
https://www.psychologytoday.com/articles/199607/the-creative-personality . [Accessed 12 January
2017 als.
By Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, published on July 1, 1996 - last reviewed on June 9, 2016
Dr. Shelley Carson. 2017. The CREATES Brainset Model | Dr. Shelley Carson. [ONLINE] Available at:
http://www.shelleycarson.com/your-creative-brain/the-creates-brainset-model . [Accessed 12 January
2017].
https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/our-innovating-minds/201604/unveiling-underappreciated-
key-creativity
https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/our-innovating-minds/201512/inside-creativity
WEBGRAPHY
http://www.servicedesigntools.org/
http://gamestorming.com/
https://www.psychologytoday.com/basics/creativity
http://www.bio-nica.info/biblioteca/VanGoundy2005101ActivitiesTeaching.pdf
http://www.creative-trainer.eu/index.php?id=download
http://creativethinking.net/
http://www.designkit.org/methods
http://deseng.ryerson.ca/dokuwiki/design:creativity_method
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VIDEOS
YouTube. 2017. Crossing the Chasm - The Key to Massive Market Acceptance (Office Hours 127) –
YouTube. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p7I1gfWhU4c . [Accessed 13
January 2017].
YouTube. 2017. #NEXT16 - Nathalie Nahai: THE PSYCHOLOGY BEHIND SUCCESSFUL PRODUCTS -
YouTube. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9v3_VSkgrR0 . [Accessed 13
January 2017].
YouTube. 2017. Golden Circle essence by Simon Sinek - YouTube. [ONLINE] Available at:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mqZyg2XAmDk . [Accessed 13 January 2017] .
INNOVATION
FLOW
Mihály Csíkszentmihályi: Flow, Creativity & the Evolving Self - Thinking Allowed DVD w/ Mishlove
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7dSzKnf5WWg
CREATIVITY
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How to Solve Creative Blocks
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WXJfwk4Mii0
Creative thinking - how to get out of the box and generate ideas: Giovanni Corazza at TEDxRoma
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bEusrD8g-dM
YouTube. 2017. Emotions: limbic system | Processing the Environment | MCAT | Khan Academy -
YouTube. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GDlDirzOSI8 . [Accessed 12
January 2017].
YouTube. 2017. Emotions: cerebral hemispheres and prefrontal cortex | MCAT | Khan Academy -
YouTube. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TQ51Gsb98ec . [Accessed 12
January 2017].
YouTube. 2017. Cerebral cortex | Organ Systems | MCAT | Khan Academy - YouTube. [ONLINE]
Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mGxomKWfJXs . [Accessed 12 January 2017].
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7qqlK7J0UYw
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