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Rise-fall:
- surprise, being impressed:
You were first.
Generalisations of the kind are:
Very broad
Foreign learners do not easily acquire intonation
only through studying patterns
Still, wider pitch range = excited or enthusiastic
speaking; slower speed = typical of the speech of
tired or bored person
Useful but difficult to teach or learn if not speaking
or listening to native speakers; still, building up
awareness and sensitivity for ways native
speakers use intonation has been our aim
Accentual function
Derived from the word “accent” = stress
Placement of stress is determined by
intonation
Although stress has been presented as
independent of and placing of stress prior
to the choice of intonation, placement of
the tonic stress within the tone-unit can be
regarded as part of intonation.
Location of the tonic syllable
Of great linguistic importance
The most common position – on the last
lexical word of the tone-unit
But, for contrastive purposes any word can
become the bearer of the tonic syllable
Thus, the placement of the tonic syllable
represents the focus of the information
Examples of contrast / emphasis
I want to know where he´s travelling to
I want to know where he´s travelling from
She was wearing a ´red dress