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Contents
04 Tech leaders: Here are six ways to take charge of your time
06 Four ways to improve your time management
07 Five time management tips for busy data scientists
09 Time management tips for sys admins
11 Take control of your day with these eight time management skills
13 Avoid the interrupt-driven model of time management
15 Six secrets to getting tasks completed
17 Five tips for avoiding false efficiencies
19 About TechRepublic
Unproductive meetings and getting buried in administrative work used to be the major time wasters
that managers tried to avoid. But with the barrage of interruptions from new technologies and digital
communications, getting things done has become even more difficult.
One thing hasn’t changed, though: Time management is still the way to deal with this dilemma. Here are six
strategies that IT managers can put to work.
your ideas, how well staff members are focused on their work, etc., simply by observing the unspoken body
language you see during meetings and during the times that you are circulating around offices. The more
adept you become at reading body language, the sooner you can unearth issues and solve them before they
develop into problems.
6: Use dashboards
New analytics tools enable top-level dashboard reporting on the day-to-day operations you manage. If you’re
an IT manager, you can immediately see from a green, yellow, or red light how the network—or a given
system—is running. If you see a system go yellow or red, you can drill down into the details to determine
what’s wrong and/or call the person in charge to learn more about the problem. If you’re a logistics manager,
you can see which routes are on time and which are not, then drill down into the “whys” as needed. Periodic
checks into dashboards will help you keep your finger on the pulse of daily operations as you attend to other
tasks during the day.
Conclusion
Keeping your eye on the important details that yield results in strategies and projects is as important today for
managers as it has even been. What has changed is how managers go about this. One key is to capitalize
on the advantages that digital technology brings, while avoiding the time traps and pitfalls. At the same time,
managers shouldn’t lose sight of nonverbal and other nondigital cues that can make or break projects.
We’re always pressed for time. It’s one of those things no one ever seems to have enough of. Like batteries.
Or gum. Here are a few techniques for honing your time management skills.
2: The matrix
The next technique, based on Stephen Covey’s advice in The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People,
involves building a matrix and classifying your tasks as urgent or not urgent and important or not important.
The biggest time wasters fall in the urgent but not important category. Covey recommends focusing on tasks
that are important but not urgent.
Advanced technology is supposed to make our lives easier, yet for many people, including most data sci-
entists, the opposite is true. It seems like there’s a never-ending list of problems to solve and crazy ideas to
explore. And although problem solving is fun and challenging, when you throw in unrealistic deadlines and a
constantly flowing funnel of new tasks, it can become overwhelming.
I’ve been coaching analytics for decades on how to keep it all together. Here are my top five tips for managing
a busy schedule.
1: Be comfortable saying no
Most data scientists have a service mentality. When any request comes in, your first inclination is to service the
request. This is a good quality; however, everyone has limits.
When you’re in high demand (which most data scientists are), it’s extremely rare that you have free time to
accommodate a random request. When saying no is appropriate, you have to be okay with it. If you say yes
to every request, you’re educating people that you’re willing to take on more tasks; if you communicate no
sometimes, you’re educating people that you know your limits and boundaries. It may sting at first, but they’ll
eventually appreciate the feedback.
• Processes are operational in nature—anything you do on a routine basis, like regular meetings and
status reports.
• Projects are one-time efforts that have a start and an end, even small jobs that may take only a day
or two.
• Problems (in this context) are the unannounced annoyances that crop up during the day.
I suggest keeping a journal where you regularly record time-stamped entries. This will give you a sense of
how you’re spending your day. At the end of every day, review your journal and make a rough estimate on the
hours you spent on each project, process, and problem. Knowing exactly why your plate is full makes it much
easier to say no to something new.
If you have enough to do, and one more thing is hovering over you, ask your manager whether the new task
is more important than anything else on your plate. If it is, the new task should replace an existing task, not
overload an already full plate.
Getting estimates right isn’t that hard. When you get a new task, estimate what the pure work will be (i.e., if
you have nothing else to do and no distractions, how long will this take?) and log this number in a notebook.
Then, keep track of how long the task actually took to complete.
When you divide the actual duration by the pure work, you get a load factor. Over a short period of time, your
load factor should normalize. When estimating a new task, just consider the pure work estimate and then ap-
ply your normalized load factor.
5: Go slow to go fast
The most efficient people I know set aside sacrosanct time each day to plan. I have a daily morning routine I
go through religiously every single workday. I use this time to figure out what will get done and when it will be
worked on. As you might suspect, my calendar doesn’t always go as planned, but I rarely miss my highest
priority accomplishment for the day. I suggest you do the same.
Pick a time in the morning when you’re not expected to be available and then make sure you’re not available.
This is your time to ensure that the rest of your day goes as smoothly as possible.
Summary
It’s nice to be needed, but if you let the requests get out of control, you’ll live a life of anxiety and disappoint-
ment. Teach people how to treat you by saying no when appropriate and speaking up when you have too
much to do. Get a good handle on how your time is being spent and whether it makes sense for you to take
on something new.
Workload anxiety is self-inflicted pain. I’m sure you have enough to endure without causing yourself undue
stress.
The time management experts out there would have you believe that all jobs are created equal and that time
management is just a matter of changing the way you deal with things. But let’s face it: Some jobs are so ruled
by external factors that our work time is not ours to plan or manage.
I recently came across Time Management for Systems Administrators, a book that recognizes that sys
admins often have competing goals: the concurrent responsibilities of working on large projects and taking
care of user needs.
The book’s author, Thomas Limoncelli, explains that the difficulty of time management for sys admins is that
basically, they’re always getting interrupted.
“Management judges an SA by whether projects get done. Customers, however, judge you by whether you
are available to them. These two priorities play against each other and you’re stuck in the middle. If you’re
infinitely available to customers, you will never have time to complete the projects that management wants to
see completed.”
But Limoncelli maintains that sys admins can tackle time management. He bases his techniques on these six
principles:
Use one “database” for time management information. Limoncelli advocates finding an organizing tool
(PDA or PAA) and using only that tool.
Conserve your brain power for what is important. Don’t clutter your brain. If you fill your brain with all the
tasks you have to do instead of putting some of that in a physical organizer, it will lessen your focus.
Develop routines and stick with them. Limoncelli explains the benefit of routine in terms of writing code.
If a bit of code works, a developer will reuse it as often as possible. He recommends managing your time the
same way—establishing a routine saves you time and reduces the thinking you have to do every week. This
could mean something as simple as scheduling a weekly meeting with your boss instead of playing phone tag
all week.
Develop habits and mantras. Limoncelli offers a great example of how developing a habit can cut down on
time and repercussions in the long term. He relates the story of how he used to have to periodically empty the
water-collection bucket on a portable air-conditioning unit in a small computer closet. Before he could install
a drain pipe, he made himself empty the bucket on a specified day and time. This helped his time manage-
ment because if he waited until the bucket was full, it would be harder and take longer to carry. And what if he
waited until just before he had to leave for a meeting? He’d be late to the meeting. By scheduling a set time for
this simple task, he avoided its becoming more of a time sink later on.
Maintain focus during “project time.” Interruptions are the natural enemy of focus, and time returning
from interruptions is wasted time. Limoncelli says we should act like an operating system. “When time-critical
operations need to be done, the kernel locks out all other tasks and works on exactly one task until that task is
complete. For example, when memory is being allocated to a task, the kernel locks out all other memory-table
access so that this one happens correctly, without multiple processes trying to modify the allocation tables at
the same time.” You want that kind of focus when you’re working.
Manage your social life with the same tools you use for your work life. Limoncelli doesn’t want your
social life to become regimented but says using time management in that area will be good practice.
Have you ever started the day with great ambitions and then realized at the end that you didn’t get anything
done? It happens to everyone, but it happens to some people more often than others.
Time management allows you to have a higher degree of control over what you do in a day, week, or month.
Time management skills can help you spend the hours you have on what is most important to you.
Organizational skills are easier for some people than others. For instance, all time management advice includes
some form of writing down what you want to accomplish. For many people, this is easy and natural. Other
people have difficulty creating lists and following through on them. It’s a left-brain/right-brain thing and has to
do with whether your brain favors logic and structure or creative and unstructured thinking. Time management
requires discipline. If you’re not prepared to be disciplined, you’re not going to be a very good manager of your
own time.
Here’s a list of time management techniques I’ve employed myself. Notice that I didn’t call them “best
practices.” However, they do work for me and may work for you as well.
Several years ago, I realized that my approach to time management closely resembled an interrupt-driven
multitasking operating system. I’d spend most of the day responding to ad hoc requests, questions, and
emergencies. Whenever I’d finally get some idle time, I’d lean back in my chair, wipe my brow, and think, “Now
what was it I was supposed to be doing?” It never made sense to start the day with a to-do list, because I’d
rarely be able to cross even one thing off by the evening.
I must admit, it was nice to be the go-to guy for my clients and colleagues. They always knew that whenever
they’d call or email, they’d get a helpful response in short order. It was a bit of an ego trip for me, and all
those micro-engagements billed at half-hour or even 15-minute minimum increments added up to some real
revenue. But filling that role almost full time was turning me into a glorified tech support rep. Playing nursemaid
to all the existing solutions was keeping me from exercising my full potential to create new solutions and to
stay on top of the latest technologies. During the short intervals when I wasn’t being driven by interruptions, I
would often find it hard to get started on my big projects, knowing that I would soon be interrupted again. That
was the easiest excuse in the world to procrastinate—and we procrastinators know that it doesn’t take much.
I didn’t want to become just “the guy who can answer all of your questions about X”... while X slowly but surely
becomes obsolete. Nor did I want to be known as a really smart guy who takes forever to complete a big
project. So I decided to make some changes and come up with better strategies for managing my time, which
include the following four steps:
problems associated with context switching. For instance, this morning I spent the first hour catching up on
communications: email, feeds, and online discussions. The next two hours were allocated to writing this article
(so far, I’m making good time!). Then the entire afternoon will be devoted to a project for one of my clients. At
the end of the day, I’ll empty my email Inbox again. But in the meantime, I’ll just scan it for real emergencies
every few hours. I have other projects in progress that I’m intentionally ignoring today.
Using these steps, I’ve moved from an interrupt-driven model to a more prioritized batch-processing queue.
That may sound like a step backward technologically, but it sure helps reduce thrashing for the old wet
computer inside my skull. Until someone invents an AI that can do consulting, that’s all I’ve got to work with.
Hmm ... sounds like an idea for a Monday project.
Sometimes, we need to go beyond self expectations in the effort to organize our workloads. These six sug-
gestion may help you in your quest to effectively manage your time.
3: Focus
One reason why IT pros don’t always do so well in social situations is that they have the power to concentrate
intently on one problem to the exclusion of everything else. (No, honey, I wasn’t ignoring you— actually didn’t
hear you, even though you were standing right beside me and speaking clearly.) We geeks need to maximize
this ability to be effective in our work. We can’t allow ourselves to be interrupted for “just a minute” to answer
a question. The instant we break concentration, the entire problem we were modeling in our head drops on
the floor and shatters into a million pieces. This is why you shouldn’t answer the phone, check email, or chat
during these periods.
4: Take breaks
This one seems to contradict #3. My wife never understands how I can take an hour for a long walk, but I get
upset when she interrupts me for five minutes. The difference is that you take a break when it doesn’t interrupt
your flow. When you can’t figure out a problem, it’s time to put it on your mind’s back burner for a bit. Or right
after you solve a problem, have a 10-minute celebration before moving on to the next thing.
alcohol might be a contributing factor to all those bug reports. Get enough sleep at night and don’t forget to
exercise. Your brain’s function depends on your entire health. If someone were to even scratch the case of
your notebook PC, you’d be pretty upset, so don’t abuse the case of your primary processor.
6: Follow through
If you have a choice between working on two projects, choose the one that is nearly finished even if the other
one is more fun. When you complete a project, it creates momentum and reduces that long to-do list that
haunts your psyche. Every time I complete a project, I feel an immense sense of relief; it makes me happier
and more productive.
Conclusion
I’m not pretending that I always execute all of these tips without throwing an exception. Sometimes I get
carried away with an emergency, only to be interrupted by another emergency or three—and then my kids
scream that I’m needed immediately to help with a serious household repair. The next thing I know, it’s quitting
time, and I haven’t taken a break or eaten, and I’ve had way too much coffee, so I sit down with a bottle of
wine and put my brain out of its misery. Guess how much I get done on those days?
People develop all sorts of tricks to help them manage their time and be more productive in their workday.
Sadly, there are a few common tricks that people use to get more things done that actually make it harder for
things to get done. Here are five measures you may have adopted that are working against you—and ideas for
a better way to be efficient in the same circumstances.
Instead of applying heavy-handed rules like sorting by sender, pick more granular rules. For example,
keep putting the automated emails in their place with rules, but use your email client’s ability to manage
conversations or threads to selectively ignore things you’ve been incorrectly copied on. Also, take a look at
why you are receiving so much email. It is often a sign that you have become a roadblock in the decision-
making process or that people do not feel empowered to do things without your say-so.
perhaps doing nothing work-related over a weekend. It may mean a vacation, even if all you can afford to do is
spend a few days sitting at home watching TV. Yes, it can sometimes be hard to say “no” to long hours. But at
the same time, you need to get a sense of when you’re just spinning your wheels and wasting your time.
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