INTERNATIONAL INDIAN SCHOOL AL-JUBAIL

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

CERTIFIED TO BE THE BONAFIDE RECORD OF THE

WORK DONE BY GOURISH KUMAR OF CLASS XII-E
IN THE INTERNATIONAL INDIAN SCHOOL AL-
JUBAIL, DURING THE YEAR 2017-2018

ROLL NO: 11
DATE: 30/01/18

Name of PGT : HANMANT M PAVALE

SUBMITTED FAR ALL INDIA SENIOR SCHOOL

CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION IN CHEMISTRY AT
THE INTERNATIONAL INDIAN SCHOOL AL-
JUBAIL,.

Asha Anna Thomas

1. INTRODUCTION
2. EXPERIMENT
- Aim
- Materials required
- Chemicals required
- Preparation of solution
- Procedure
- Theory & Explanation
- Precaution
- Observation
- Result
3. BIBLOGRAPHY

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INTRODUCTION
An Oscillating Reaction is that reaction
where, once the reaction is completed, the
system returns to its initial state and the
reaction starts over again.
This reaction was developed by Thomas S.
Briggs and Warren C. Rauscher in San
Francisco. It is termed as “Briggs-Rauscher
reaction” and is perhaps the most
impressive of all oscillating reactions.
In this experiment, three colourless solutions
are mixed in a beaker and the stirred
batch goes through approximately 12 to 15

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cycles of colourless, to light orange, to
amber, to blue-black mixture with the
odour of iodine.

EXPERIMENT
AIM:
To study the variations in time period between
the oscillations in an oscillating reaction, that is, to
show if the time period is varying or a constant.

MATERIALS REQUIRED:
Distilled water, Weighing balance, Magnetic
stirrer, Heater, Beakers, Gloves, Stop watch.

CHEMICALS REQUIRED:

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)

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 Potassium iodate (KIO3)
Concentrated sulphuric acid (H2SO4)
Malonic acid (CH2(COOH)2)
Manganese (II) sulphate monohydrate
(MnSO4.H2O)
Soluble starch
Sodium thiosuplhate

PREPARATION OF SOLUTION:

The three solutions were prepared as

follows: Solution A:
400 ml of distilled water and 410 ml of 30%
of hydrogen peroxide were poured into a
2-
litre beaker. The solution was diluted to 1
litre with distilled water.
Solution B:

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43 grams of potassium iodate was placed
in the second 2 litre beaker containing 800
ml of distilled water. 4.3 ml of concentrated
H2SO4 was added to this mixture. The
mixture was warmed and stirred till KIO3
dissolved. Solution was diluted to 1 litre with
distilled water.
Solution C:
16 grams of malonic acid and 3.4 grams of
manganese sulphate and 500 ml of distilled
water are taken in a 2 litre beaker. In a 100
ml beaker, 50 ml of distilled water was boiled.
In a separate beaker 3 grams of
soluble starch and 10 ml of water was
mixed to form slurry. The slurry was poured
into the boiling water and the mixture was
continued to be heated and stirred until
the starch dissolved. This solution was
poured into the solution of malonic acid

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and MnSO4 and the solution was diluted to
1 litre with distilled water.
PROCEDURE:

A 1.5 litre beaker, with the stirring bar, was

placed on the magnetic stirrer. 500 ml of
solution A and 500 ml of solution B was
poured into the beaker. The stirring rate
was adjusted so as to produce a large
vortex in the mixture. Then 500 ml of solution
C was poured into the beaker. The initially
colourless solution will become light
orange, then amber almost immediately.
Then it will turn blue-black. The blue-black
will fade to colorless and the cycle will
repeat several times with a certain time
period. After a few minutes the solution will
remain blue-black.

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THEORY & EXPLANATION:
In the Briggs - Rauscher reaction evolution of
oxygen and CO2 gases and the
concentrations of iodine and iodide ions
oscillate. The two component reactions
involved are:

I03- + 2H2O2 + H+ HIO + 2O2 + 2H2O .......(1)

HIO + CH2(COOH)2 ICH(COOH)2 + H2O ..(2)

Equation (1) occurs via radical process and a

non radical process. When [I-] is low, the
radical process dominates. When [I-] is high,
the non radical process dominates. Equation
(2) consumes HIO more slowly than it is
produced by the radical process when that
process is dominant, but it consumes HIO more
rapidly than it is produced by the non radical
process, the excess forms the iodide ions,
which shut off that radical process and start

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the slower non radical process. Equation (2)
consumes HIO so rapidly that not enough is
available to produce the iodide ion needed to
keep the non radical process going, and
the radical process starts again. Each of these
processes conditions favourable to the other,
and therefore, the reaction oscillates between
these two processes.
Reaction (1) is slower than reaction (2) and so
much HIO is used up by reaction (2) that, in
the radical processes, the I- consumed can
not be replenished and therefore, the [I-]
keeps diminishing. Once the iodide ions have
been sufficiently depleted, the non radical
process becomes slow and the radical process
takes over.
This reaction is auto catalytic since, in the
intermediate step, the compound HIO2 is
produced twice what it’s consumed.
Therefore, the rate of the steps increases. The

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rapid increase in [HIO] is produced by the
disproportion of HIO2. Because of the auto
catalytic nature of earlier steps, HIO2, is more
rapidly consumed in the last intermediate step
of the radical process, and the sequence of
the reaction quickly reaches a steady state.
Manganese is oxidized as well as reduced in
the intermediate steps. Also its catalytic effect
in the reaction is accounted for through its
providing the means for reducing IO2 radicals
to HIO2.

The dramatic colour changes arise because

equation does not take place in single steps,
but by the reaction given below:

I- + HIO + H+ I2 + H2O ……………………… (3)

I2 + CH2(COOH)2 ICH(COOH)2 + H+ + I-…... (4)

The solution turns amber from the I2 produced

through reaction (3), when the radical process

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 maintains [HIO] greater than [I-]. The solution
turns dark blue when [I-] becomes greater
than [HIO], and the I- can combine with I to
form a complex with the starch. With [I-] high,
the reaction (1) switches to non radical
process. The color fades as the reaction (2)
consumes iodine faster than it is produced.
When the system switches back to the radical
process, the cycle is repeated. This oscillating
sequence repeats until the malonic acid or
IO3- is depleted.

PRECAUTIONS:

1. Chloride on concentration in excess of 0.07 M

suppresses the oscillations. Therefore, the
vessels used for preparation of solutions must

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 be clean. Also distilled water must be used for
all preparations.
2. 30% hydrogen peroxide is corrosive and
strong oxidizing agent, contact with skin and
eyes must be avoided.
3. Sulphuric acid can cause severe burns, when
concentrated it is a powerful dehydrating
agent and generates considerable heat
when distolled with water. Spills on the floor or
bench should be neutralized with NaHCO3.
4. Malonic acid is a strong irritant to skin, eyes
and mucous membranes.
5. The reaction produces iodine in solution, in
suspension, and also as a vapor above the
reaction mixture. The vapor or the solid is very
irritating to the eyes, skin and mucous
membranes.

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 TIME TAKEN
S.No
EACH 1 2 A
COLOUR
CHANGE

1ST
1 5 5 5
oscillation
(colorless
to light
orange)
2nd
2 5 5.1 5.05
oscillation
(light
orange to
amber)

3 4.9 5.1 5
3rd
oscillation
(amber to
blueblack)

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 4th
4 5 5 5
oscillation
(blueblack
to
colorless)

OBSERVATIONS:

Within a span of 5 minutes and 34 seconds,

it has been observed that there are 15 sets
of oscillations where each set of oscillation
contained 4 colour changes. Each of the
three solution was of volume 500 ml. Ratio
of the volume of solution = 1:1:1

RESULT:

In an oscillating reaction, the time period

between the different colour changes is a

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constant because the time taken for
various complex reaction (which represents
the colour change) is the same.

BIBLOGRAPHY

1. Handbook of chemistry (Volume 2)

2. Chemistry – The Ultimate Guide
3. Scientific wonders –IV
4. The Internet
5. NCERT Textbook

Asha Anna Thomas

I hereby declare that
this project report
titled “Oscillating
clocks” was prepared by
me during the year
200809 under the
guidance of Mr.
Hanmant.

Asha Anna Thomas

GOURISH KUMAR XII-D
XII – B
INTERNATIONAL INDIAN SCHOOL
AL-JUBAIL

Asha Anna Thomas