Trombe Wall

TROMBE WALL SEMINAR 2018
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL
Utilization of energy and its conservation has become prime concern due to global warming.
Energy can be very well conserved if utilized properly in buildings by application of
various techniques. In high rise buildings, large amount of the energy is consumed
for air conditioning and heating as well as for running a number of appliances of
daily use. Energy consumed for heating in building has the largest proportion of
consumption i.e. nearly 45% which needs to be continuously evaluated so as to reduce the
energy utilization and make a sustainable environment. In passive design, the location and
orientation of buildings and characteristics of building material are taken into account for
that helps in providing good thermal comfort by cutting down the heating, cooling and
electricity costs. For many centuries people have used thick walls of adobe or stone to
trap the heat energy during the day time and release it eventually and evenly at the night
time to warm the building.
Trombe Walls are mainly suited for sunny climates that have high day-night
temperature swings. Today small scale energy efficient buildings are developed on an
ancient technique that incorporates a thermal mass and efficient delivery system called
Trombe Wall which continues to serve as an effective feature of passive solar design.
A Trombe Wall simply put is a very thick, south facing wall (or North facing wall if in the
Southern Hemisphere), which is painted black and made of a material that absorbs a lot of
heat. A plane of glass or plastic glazing, installed a few inches in front of the wall, helps
hold in the heat. The Trombe Wall heats up slowly during the day. Then as it cools
gradually during the night, it gives off its heat inside the building.
Trombe Walls are a great ‘passive’ (as in no mechanical parts) way of providing heat to
a room or space. They are often easily built from readily available materials, very
reliable, and of course cheap to operate. Trombe Walls can successfully contribute to
reducing heating and cooling costs. An extra benefit of Trombe Walls is that the heat is
radiated in the infrared, which is more penetrating and pleasant than the traditional
convective forced air heating systems. It is shown in fig 1.1.
EKC-TC 1 Department of Civil

Engineering
Trombe Walls have been integrated into the envelope of a recently completed Visitor
Center at Zion National park and a site entrance building (SEB) at the National
Renewable Energy Laboratory’s (NREL’s) National Wind Technology Centre. The High
Performance Building Initiative (HPBI) at NREL helped to design these commercial
buildings to minimize energy consumption, using Trombe Walls as an integral part of their
design.
FIG 1.1 TROMBE WALL BUILDING

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1.2 HISTORY OF THE TROMBE WALL

This idea of a passive way of heating a building was first patented by Edward
Sylvester Morse in 1881 with his design of a versatile vent system. The Trombe Wall is
named after a French engineer name Felix Trombe who made this passive heating system
popular in the 1960’s. Further interest emerged particularly in the US in the 1970’s which
was aided by researchers at Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico.
Since the classic Trombe Wall was made popular, different configurations have been
developed to adapt the Trombe Wall to various climates, purposes, and seasons. Some
of these different configurations include the zigzag, water, solar hybrid, composite, and
fluidized Trombe Walls.
1.3 IMPROVEMENTS IN SUSTAINABILITY

Trombe Walls since 1960’s have been look on by governments and research
facilities as a great alternative for fossil fuels in home heating. This heating also is practical
in places where gas heating is not practical. In China for example, the National Natural
Science Foundation of China has granted funds to research for improved Trombe Walls.
This research looks at selecting certain thermo- insulation in building construction to
increase the operating efficiency up to 33.85%.

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FIG 1.2: TROMBE WALL AND ATTACHED SUNSPACE

Engineering
CHAPTER 2
CONFIGURATION OF TROMBE WALL
2.1 GENERAL
There are many possibilities for variation from standard thermal storage wall designs. A
Specific design should depend on four basic criteria:
 Resources, including money and building supplies
 Heating requirements
 Building uses
 The geographical and climatic location of the site
In this section, six different types of Trombe Wall will be discussed:
 Classic Trombe Wall
 Zigzag Trombe Wall
 Water Trombe Wall
 Solar Hybrid Wall
 Fluidised Trombe Wall
 Photovoltaic Trombe Wall
2.2 CLASSIC TROMBE WALL
A classic or standard Trombe Wall is a simple Trombe Wall in which glass and an air space
separate the wall from the outdoor environment. The design of a classic Trombe Wall is based
on using materials with high heat-storage capacity. These materials include bricks, concrete,
stone, and adobe. The external surface of the wall is colored black to increase the absorption
rate. Moreover, the surface of the Trombe Wall is glazed. An air gap is left between the glass
and wall. The wall absorbs diffused and direct solar radiation during the day and transfers the
heat to the interior of the thick storage mass wall by convection or conduction at night. The gap
between the glass and the wall normally ranges from 3cm to 6cm. The heat that is stored in
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the thermal mass is released gradually. This heat transmission occurs through radiation and
convection to increase thermal comfort for building’s occupants. Convection produces the air
flow as a result of the solar buoyancy effect.
2.3 ZIGZAG TROMBE WALL
Another type of Trombe Wall is a zigzag Trombe Wall. This Trombe Wall is designed
to reduce the excessive heat gain and glare of sunny days. The wall comprises three
sections. One section faces south. However, the two other sections are angled inward
forming a V-shaped wall. The section that faces southeast has a window that provides heat
and light in the morning cold when the immediate heating is required. Opposite the V shape
is a classic Trombe Wall, which stores heat for redistribution in the cold night hours. The
zigzag design also incorporates an exterior overhang to avoid overheating during hot summer
days. The zigzag trombe wall as shown in fig. 2.1.
FIG 2.1: ZIGZAG TROMBE WALL

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2.4 WATER TROMBE WALL
Another type of Trombe Wall is the water wall, which works on the same
principle as the classic Trombe Wall. It is shown in fig 2.3. However, instead of using
masonry for heat storage, a container of water in the shape of a wall is employed.
Because water performs better than masonry in indirect heat gain, this type of wall has
attracted many designers interested in passive heating. The reason for this improved
performance is that the water’s temperature does not rise as high as that of the
masonry. Therefore, less heat is reflected back through the glazing. This type of wall
has glazing infront of the water container, which enables the sun’s rays to penetrate.
The water distributes the heat by convection, and the Water Trombe Wall transfers
the heat into the room through radiation.
FIG 2.2 WATER TROMBE WALL

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2.5 SOLAR HYBRID WALL

The solar hybrid wall prototype uses the design of a standard trombe wall.
However, the wall employs an external thermal insulation blind during summer to avoid
any direct solar gain. Moreover, a special type of ceramic is used in the interior wall
known as porous ceramic, which absorbs a significant amount of water. In hot weather,
the ceramic is wetted by a water nozzle installed at the roof over the gap between the glass
and the wall, which causes the gap to function as a cooling chamber due to the evaporative
cooling phenomenon. It is shown in fig 2.3.
FIG 2.3 SOLAR HYBRID WALL

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2.6 FLUIDISED TROMBE WALL
Another type of Trombe Wall is the Fluidised Trombe Wall, which is based on the classic
Trombe Wall but in which the gap between the Trombe Wall and glazing is filled with a
highly absorbent, low density fluid. A fan transfers the solar energy gained by the
absorptive fluid by moving the heated air to the room. Two filters, which are located at the
top and bottom of the air channel, prevent the fluidised particles from entering the room.
The results indicated that Fluidised Trombe Wall are far more efficient than Classical
Trombe Walls because the heat-transfer fluid is in direct contact with the particles.
FIG 2.4 FLUIDISED TROMBE WALL
2.7 PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) TROMBE WALL
A new invention is the PV-Trombe Wall, in which the front side of the glazing is
composed of photovoltaic panels that simultaneously convert solar radiation into heat. The
PV-Trombe Wall is considered an aesthetic approach in designing Trombe Walls.
This wall does not have the unsightliness of a normal Trombe Wall, in which glass covers a
black mass wall. The dark blue solar cells can add beauty to a building and increase the
building's appeal. With the PV-Trombe Wall, the cool air of the room is drawn in from the

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lower vent, absorbs the PV heat, becomes hot and travels inside the room before exiting
through the upper vent. Absorbing PV heat increases the efficiency of PV panels
because the panels function better when they are cool. The PV-Trombe Wall uses a
PV panel, which hinders the penetration of solar rays into the air space between the
walls and glazing. Therefore, the efficiency of the Trombe Wall is reduced in terms of heat
gain.
FIG 2.5 PHOTOVOLTAIC TROMBE WALL

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FIG 2.6 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF TEST ROOM WITH PV TROMBE WALL

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CHAPTER 3
TROMBE WALL DESIGN AND
CONSTRUCTION
3.1 GENERAL
A typical vented Trombe Wall consists of a 10 to 41 cm thick, south-facing

masonry wall with a dark, heat absorbing material on the exterior surface and faced
with a single or double layer of glass. The glass is placed from 3/4 to 2 in. (2 to 5 cm)
from the masonry wall to create a small airspace. Heat from sunlight passing through the
glass is absorbed by the dark surface, stored in the wall, and conducted slowly inward
through the masonry. High transmission glass maximizes solar gains to the masonry
wall. As an architectural detail, patterned glass can limit the exterior visibility of the dark
concrete wall without sacrificing transmissivity.
Applying a selective surface to a Trombe Wall improves its performance by

reducing the amount of infrared energy radiated back through the glass. The selective
surface consists of a sheet of metal foil glued to the outside surface of the wall. It absorbs
almost all the radiation in the visible portion of the solar spectrum and emits very little
in the infrared range. High absorbency turns the light into heat at the wall's surface, and
low emittance prevents the heat from radiating back towards the glass.
For a 20cm Trombe Wall, heat will take about 8 to 10 hours to reach the interior of the
building. This means that rooms receive slowly, even heating for many hours after the
sun sets, greatly reducing the need for conventional heating. Rooms heated by a Trombe
Wall often feel more comfortable than those heated by forced air because of the large warm
surface providing radiant comfort.
Architects can use Trombe Wall in conjunction with windows, eaves, and other building
design elements to balance solar heat delivery. Strategically placed windows allow the
Sun's heat and light to enter a building during the day to help heat the building with
direct solar gains. At the same time, the Trombe Wall absorbs and stores heat for
evening use. Properly sized roof overhangs shade the Trombe wall during the summer
when the sun is high in the sky. Shading the Trombe Wall can prevent the wall from
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getting hot during the time of the year when the heat is not needed. The design of Trombe
wall is shown in fig.3.1.
FIG 3.1 TROMBE WALL DESIGN

Engineering
CHAPTER 4
WORKING OF ATROMBE WALL
4.1 GENERAL
Trombe Wall is an "indirect -gain" system which works on the basic greenhouse
principle that heat from the sun in the form of "shorter-wavelength and higher energy
U.V radiation" passes through glass panel in front of the wall and is absorbed by
the wall. The air in between the wall and glass is heated through conduction. As air is
heated, it passes through the top vent heating the room through convection and at the
same time, the cold air is drawn in through the bottom vent heated by the sun and rises up
again. This creates a cycle of warm air flow. TRNSYS software is used for modeling of
building having Trombe Walls. Trombe Wall work differently in summers and winters as
described below:
4.2 TROMBE WALLS IN THE SUMMER

In the summer season, the wall is shaded by the overhang and does not recieve direct
sunlight. When a Trombe Wall is sheltered, it will remain cool and its intrinsic
qualities will absorb heat to keep the rest of the place cooler. The immanent materials
in such walls are responsible for gradual heat absorption and transfer. The overhang area
blocks the summer sun from hitting the Trombe Wall. Objects within the thermal mass can
be taken as heat batteries. It is shown in fig
4.1.
FIG 4.1 TROMB WALL IN SUMMER

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4.3 TROMBE WALLS IN THE WINTER
In the winter, when the sunlight hits the wall, the wall gets charged up to warm the house by
transferring the heat inside. The thermal mass in the trombe wall wikl gradually boost as it
absorbs heat energy, and then will gently release it. In winters, when the surrounding ambient
air temperature drops in the night, the thermal mass will extend to release its stored heat
energy which would help the construction to stay relatively warm after the sunset for a
longer period of time. After liberating all the heat, it will be ready once again to absorb the
heat next day. Trombe wall in winter is shown in fig 4.2.
FIG 4.2 TROMBE WALL IN WINTER

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CHAPTER 5
EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS
5.1 GENERAL
Trombe Walls have various accessories that help to increase efficiency. Important
accessories include vents, fans, and insulation. Certain intrinsic Trombe Wall
contribute to the wall's efficiency like size, thickness, colour, wall materials, coating
materials and glazing. In the following sections, these accessories and attributes will be
discussed.
5.2 VENT EFFECTS
For vented Trombe Walls, two thermo circulation vents are installed at the top and bottom of
the wall to assist heat circulation. These vents are designed to control the heat loss. The
heat loss occurs in the air space between the glazing and wall through convection,
conduction or radiation back to the atmosphere. The higher the temperature of the air space,
the greater is the heat loss. Vents are installed at the wall's top and bottom to reduce the
heat loss. As the air in the air space becomes warm and lighter, it enters the room through
the upper vent, and cool air replaces it through the lower vent. The closing or opening of
vents changes the heat transfer coefficients between the air in the gap and the wall and
glazing.
5.3 FAN EFFECTS
The thermostatically controlled fan will start, when the outside wall temperature exceeded
29°C. The results revealed that the fan's performance depends on parameters such as
the wall's thickness and climate. For instance, a fan can improve the efficiency of a 37
m² room with a Trombe Wall by 22% in Albuquerque, 20% in Santa Barbara and 7% in
Madison. In the study, the fan started when the room required heating and the
temperature of the gap between the glazing and wall exceeded the room temperature by
more than 10°C. The results indicated that a fan improves the performance of Trombe
Walls by up to 8%.

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5.4 SIZE EFFECTS
The size of Trombe Walls or, more precisely, the ratio of the Trombe wall's area to the total
wall area has been proposed as a parameter of Trombe Wall efficiency. Based on a study
undertaken by Jaber on a typical Jordanian house, which was modified using a Trombe
wall, the ratio Trombe Wall area to the wall area (α) has a direct effect on thermal
efficiency. If (α) = 20%, the Trombe wall can save up to 22.3% of heating auxiliary energy
annually.
5.5 THICKNESS AND COLOUR EFFECTS
Generally, the optimal thickness of a Trombe Wall is related to latitude, climate and heat
loss. The thickness of the mass is one parameter that contributes to the effectiveness of
Trombe Walls. For example, with concrete, there is a lag of 120 min to 150 min for heat
delivery from outside to inside for each 10cm. Insufficient wall thickness results in
excessive interior temperature swings, while increasing the thickness will increase costs.
With a very thick Trombe Wall, the heat requires too long to reach the interior, which
causes thermal discomfort for the building occupants.
5.6 INSULATION EFFECTS
A classic Trombe Wall possesses low thermal resistance and loses a large amount of heat
at night. In hot weather and particularly in well-insulated buildings, Trombe Walls might
function as a source of undesired heat gain and overheating due to reverse heat transfer,
Trombe walls should be properly insulated. Fifteen years ago, although the result showed
that insulation improves efficiency in winter and increases energy consumption in
summer, the overall efficiency of the insulated system is much higher.
5.7 WALL MATERIAL EFFECTS
This type of material used to construct a Trombe Wall contributes importantly to the
efficiency of the wall's heat storage, convection anf conduction. The results revealed that
a concrete wall reduces storage mass by 90% and increases system efficiency more than
20%. Increasing the weight and volume of Trombe Walls increases the storage capacity
of the walls.

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5.8 GLAZING EFFECTS
In glazing not only the material is important. The thickness and the number of the glazing
layers are also relevant factors. The study showed that use of low- emittance double-
glazing increases the collected energy. The amount of this increase was 242% in non-
ventilated Trombe Walls, 193% in classic Trombe Walls, 188% in insulated Trombe
Walls, and 217% in composite Trombe walls. Additionally, the study revealed that
the effects of glazing materials on the efficiency of Trombe Walls depend on the
longitude and latitude of the wall's location. For this reason, Trappers showed more
significant changes compared with carpentras.
FIG 5.1 VENT EFFECT

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CHAPTER 6
RETROFITTING EXISTING BUILDING
6.1 GENERAL
The potential of incorporating Trombe Walls in to new buildings has been demonstrated.
There is very often also the possibility of adapting or retrofitting existing buildings with
Trombe walls.
If a building has max walls (adobe, filled concrete block, brick, or stone) and one wall
faces close to south, there is a good chance the wall could be turned into a Trombe wall.
Other considerations have been discussed in the site selection section: sun path,
obstructions etc…
Assuming one has a wall proper materials oriented correctly, turning it into a Trombe
wall could be an easy as putting up a two-by-four frame on the south wall attaching a layer
of plastic glazing to it, adding 1x2 strips of wood and a second outer layer of glazing.
The mass wall to be covered should first be painted dark color with paintable to withstand
high temperatures. If a vented Trombe wall is to be built the vents should be cut
through the wall. The actual framing with two-by-four scan bed one on the ground (select
a flat area). Measurements should be made carefully (especially when framing around
windows and doors). In most cases, for plastic and fiber glass glazing, vertical framing
members should be two or four feet on center (horizontal distance from the center of one to
the center of the next), and 2- 4 ft. Edge to center for the uprights at each edge. This allows
one to easily attach the glazing material (usually in four foot widths) without much waste. If
a vented Trombe wall is being built care should be taken to ensure that air can freely
circulate through the vents. One method of doing this framing is 2ft. On center is to notch
out the two-by-fours over the upper and lower vents. In this way, the Trombe wall will
be divided into four foot wide sections with one upper and lower vent serving each four
foot section. The frame should be stained or painted to preserve the wood again with
painting. Select a paint to with stand high temperatures. With the two-by-four frame tightly
in place, a layer of glazing should

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be attached. Some people suggest attaching a temporary layer of cheap polyethylene for
a few weeks to allow the paint sand or stains to out-gas up on heating up. The concern is
that fumes coming off paint sand stains could coat the glazing reduce solar transmission.
The permanent inner layer of glazing should then be nailed on with three penny
galvanized nails. If summer cooling vents through the glazing at the top are to be used,
this glazing should only come up to where the vents start.
With the inner layer of glazing in place, the outer framing can be attached. One-by- two are
satisfactory for the outer framing. Providing ¾ inch space between the double layers of
glazing. The one-by-two can be nailed or screwed directly onto the two-by-four sand inner
glazing caulk is worth, while here to make a tight seal. The upper vents through the glazing
if used can be built up of the same one-by- twos, glazed on both sides and attached to
the framing hinges. Outer glazing should then be added below the vents on the outside
surface of the one-by-twos. Again caulk should be used to ensure a tight seal. Finally,
stained or painted ¼ by one inch wood strips can bedded over the glazing seams and
edges to provide a better seal and improve the appearance of the Trombe wall.
With a vented Trombe wall, some sort of vent closures must be built to control air flow.
Having completed all this, the Trombe wall should operate quite well. Adaptations
such as insulated reflector sand shading overhangs can improve the performance of the
wall but are not strictly necessary.
FIG 6.1 RETROFIT TROMBE WALL

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CHAPTER 7
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
7.1 ADVANTAGES
As per the design aspects and working, the following can be advantages of Trombe
walls:
 These walls provide adequate and pleasant heating than other traditional heating
systems.
 It provides free heating when once installed.
 It takes or makes use of existing wall space.
 It is completely passive in design with minimum or no maintenance.
 It is very easy to construct with even semi-skilled labor.
 Trombe wall scan reduce heating bills by large amounts and can improve
average electrical efficiency by 10-15%.
Thus, it is best suited in region having good solar energy resources and large winter
heating requirements.
7.2 DISADVANTAGES
With every new design there are always some of the disadvantages along with the
advantages. The following are disadvantages:
 It can be costly to install Trombe Walls.
 It has to be carefully designed.
 Overheating is also a frequent and a familiar trouble during the hotter summer
months, but this can be mitigated as long as one ensures that the thermal mass wall
of suitable thickness to absorb the excess heat.
Thus, Research on glazing materials, coating materials and aesthetic appearance is

suggested so as to have cost effective wall and give maximum efficiency. Awareness
regarding benefits of Trombe Wall is recommended in developing countries.

Engineering
CHAPTER 8
USE OF TROMBE WALLS IN INDIA
8.1 GENERAL
Climate of India has wide range of weather conditions due to versatile geography and
topography in various states.
Mainly there are 9 climatic regions in India:
 Tropic Savanna type climate
 Tropical Mansoon type climate
 Tropical moist climate
 Semi-arid Steppe climate
 Hot Desert type climate
 Mesothermal climate gangetic plain type climate
 Cold Humid Winter type climate
 Polar type climate
 Tundra type climate
8.2 TROMBE WALL IN LADAKH REGION
In Ladakh, the state government is designing Trombe Walls to promote sustainable

construction without comprising with Ladakh's traditional architectural beauty. People
are finding such walls as reliable, energy efficient and compatible source of heat. Smoke
and cold winds are major concern in Ladakh region due to fuel and dung burning that
affects the health of nearby living population to a great extent. Trombe Wall provides
relief from both the cold winds and the smoke thereby creating a sustainable and
ecof riendly environment. Ladakh region receives about 320-325 days of sun
annually, and the locally available building materials like stone and mud brick provide
the thermal insulation needed in a Trombe Wall.

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FIG 8.1 TROMBE WALL IN LADAKH REGION
8.3 TROMBE WALL IN GWALIOR
The honey storage building situated at Gwalior in India has one fine example of the use
of trombe wall. During winter months, the room air temperature of building falls
under the required temperature range of 18-27°C suitable for honey storage. The room air
temperature range is maintained in the building using a 2.3 kW capacity electrical oil
filled radiator that accounts for the crucial energy consumption of the building on an
annual basis. On account of this, there are significant CO2 emissions into the
atmosphere from the honey storage building. This give rise to a need of new technique and
thus, the use of trombe wall. During winters, the two vents of trombe wall were kept open
during the day and closed during the night. During nights the vents were also covered
with night movable insulation cloth. During summers, completely shade the trombe
wall with the movable insulation to avoid heat gain through the trombe wall. Also it
was recommended to go for shading of roof of the building/ construction to reduce

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the unreasonable heat gain. The use of Trombe wall prove its relevance for natural heating of
the building in winter months and passive heating of building provides an oppurtunity for
conserving appreciable amount of electrical energy for heating the room air for honey
storage requirement.
FIG 8.2 TROMBE WALL IN GWALIOR

Engineering
CHAPTER 9
CONCLUSION
Trombe Wall is an important element of passive solar design. The wall contributing in
reducing heating and cooling cost of a building and hence these are considered as vital
technique of sustainable architecture.
 Today solar heating is becoming more impact than ever before, because it is a non-
conventional source as natural gas sources such as coal, lignite.
 Our natural fossil fuel would last longer if we used this type of non-
conventional sources.
 Solar heating do not cause any pollution, so our environment would be cleaner.
 That is utilization of energy and its conservation has become prime concern
due to ever increasing global warming effect.
 Energy can be very well conserved if we utilized properly in building by

application of this techniques.

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REFERENCES
1. Passive Solar Technique Using Trombe Wall - A Sustainable Approach, IOSR

Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) of Piyush Sharma,
Sakshi Gupta.
2. Analysis of Atrium Pattern, Trombe Wall and Solar Greenhouse on Energy

Efficiency By Sama Modirroustaa, Haleh Boostani, Procedia Engineering
Volume 145, 2016, Pages 1549-1556.
3. Heat Transfer Analysis of a Trombe Wall with a Projecting Channel Design ,

Mehran Rabania,, Vali Kalantaran, Mehrdad Rabanic.
4. A review on the application of Trombe wall system in buildings Zhongting Hua,

Wei Heb, Jie Jia, Shengyao Zhangc.
5. Heat transfer analysis of a trombe wall with a projecting channel

design,Mehran Rabani,Vali kalantar,Ali A .Dehghan.
6. An approach for energy modeling of a building integrated Photovoltaic Trombe

Wall system, Basak Kundakci kovunbaba, Zerrin Yilmaz Koray Ulgen .
7. PV Trombe wall design for buildings in composite climates, Journal of Solar

Energy Engineering | Volume 129 | Issue 4 | Research Paper, Jie Ji Hua Yi, Wei
He and Gang Pei.

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TROMBE WALL SEMINAR 2018

EKC-TC 1 Department of Civil

FIG 1.1 TROMBE WALL BUILDING

EKC-TC 2 Department of Civil

1.2 HISTORY OF THE TROMBE WALL

1.3 IMPROVEMENTS IN SUSTAINABILITY

EKC-TC 3 Department of Civil

FIG 1.2: TROMBE WALL AND ATTACHED SUNSPACE

EKC-TC 4 Department of Civil

 Resources, including money and building supplies

 The geographical and climatic location of the site

In this section, six different types of Trombe Wall will be discussed:

 Classic Trombe Wall

 Zigzag Trombe Wall

 Water Trombe Wall

 Solar Hybrid Wall

 Fluidised Trombe Wall

 Photovoltaic Trombe Wall

2.2 CLASSIC TROMBE WALL

2.3 ZIGZAG TROMBE WALL

FIG 2.1: ZIGZAG TROMBE WALL

EKC-TC 6 Department of Civil

2.4 WATER TROMBE WALL

FIG 2.2 WATER TROMBE WALL

EKC-TC 7 Department of Civil

2.5 SOLAR HYBRID WALL

FIG 2.3 SOLAR HYBRID WALL

EKC-TC 8 Department of Civil

2.6 FLUIDISED TROMBE WALL

FIG 2.4 FLUIDISED TROMBE WALL

2.7 PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) TROMBE WALL

EKC-TC 9 Department of Civil

FIG 2.5 PHOTOVOLTAIC TROMBE WALL

EKC-TC 10 Department of Civil

FIG 2.6 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF TEST ROOM WITH PV TROMBE WALL

EKC-TC 11 Department of Civil

A typical vented Trombe Wall consists of a 10 to 41 cm thick, south-facing

Applying a selective surface to a Trombe Wall improves its performance by

FIG 3.1 TROMBE WALL DESIGN

EKC-TC 13 Department of Civil

4.2 TROMBE WALLS IN THE SUMMER

FIG 4.1 TROMB WALL IN SUMMER

EKC-TC 14 Department of Civil

4.3 TROMBE WALLS IN THE WINTER

FIG 4.2 TROMBE WALL IN WINTER

EKC-TC 15 Department of Civil

5.2 VENT EFFECTS

5.3 FAN EFFECTS

EKC-TC 16 Department of Civil

5.4 SIZE EFFECTS

5.5 THICKNESS AND COLOUR EFFECTS

5.6 INSULATION EFFECTS

5.7 WALL MATERIAL EFFECTS

EKC-TC 17 Department of Civil

5.8 GLAZING EFFECTS

FIG 5.1 VENT EFFECT

EKC-TC 18 Department of Civil

EKC-TC 19 Department of Civil

FIG 6.1 RETROFIT TROMBE WALL

EKC-TC 20 Department of Civil

 It takes or makes use of existing wall space.

 It is completely passive in design with minimum or no maintenance.