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Solvay puts into practice a sustainable development policy called Solvay Way because we are convinced our future is depen-
dent upon the responsible way in which we conduct our current activities — a way that reflects our commitment to each of our
stakeholders. Solvay Way encompasses three interlinked, equally important spheres: the Environment Sphere, the People
Sphere and the Economic Sphere.

Based on a framework of responsibilities, Solvay Way allows Solvay sites and businesses to conduct self-assessments of their
practices and establish action plans that promote continuous progress. At Solvay, the way we do business creates sustainable
value for all our stakeholders through innovation and partnership.

> Responsible Care is the chemical industry’s voluntary continuous improvement

initiative to promote safe handling of products. (1987)

> The UN’s Global Compact aims to ensure that heads of companies promote and
uphold 10 universal principles concerning human rights, working conditions,
respect for the environment and anti-corruption. (2003)

> The International Federation of Chemical, Energy, Mine a

 nd General Workers’
Unions. (2005)

> Solvay Novecare has achieved world-wide ISO-9001 Quality Management System
Multi-Site Certification. (2008)

Stimulation Additives

SOLVAY NOVECARE - Dileo Graphic Design, mariadileo@comcast.net

North America
Solvay Novecare – 8 Cedar Brook Drive – Cranbury, NJ 08512 – USA
Phone: +1-800-973-7873 – Fax: +1-609-860-0463 – NovecareCC@solvay.com

Europe
Solvay Novecare – 40, rue de la Haie-Coq – F-93306 Aubervilliers Cedex – France
Phone: +33 (0) 1 53 56 50 00 – Fax: +33 (0) 1 53 56 53 90

Asia Pacific
Solvay Novecare – 1, Biopolis Drive – #05-01/06 AMNIOS – Singapore 138 622
Phone: +65 - 6291 1921 – Fax: +65 - 6394 3376

Latin America
Solvay Novecare – Centro Empresarial – Avenida Maria Coelho Aguiar, 215, Bloco B-1º Andar
Cep: 05804-902 – São Paulo-SP Brazil
Phone: +55 11 3747-7637 – Fax: +55 11 3741-8378

www.solvay.com
2015
FEB

While the information herein is believed to be reliable, we do not guarantee its accuracy. Customers (direct and indirect) are urged to make their own tests with
products described herein. Various patents owned by Solvay or others may be pertinent to their use and to compositions containing them. Nothing contained
herein is intended as a recommendation to use our products so as to infringe any patent. We assume no liability for any intellectual property rights violation by
NA

customers (direct or indirect). Customers (direct and indirect) should make their own patent investigation related to the freedom to operate for any specific intended
use. If a relevant patent is identified, customers (direct and indirect) should secure a license from the patent owner. Customers (direct and indirect) should evaluate
WW

the products to determine notably their strength, performance and safety. All applicable laws and regulations should be consulted. All the names mentioned are
registered trademarks of Solvay, its subsidiaries or affiliates.
 Solvay, your preferred partner
for Stimulation Additives
Stimulation is key to maximizing reservoir production in shale gas or tight oil basins. The most frequently used stimulation
techniques are Hydraulic Fracturing -which can be accomplished using Gelled Fluid and Slickwater systems - and
Matrix Acidizing. Solvay’s broad offer in stimulation is able to meet the needs of almost any well and ensure performance,
efficiency and optimal recovery.
Hydraulic Fracturing
In hydraulic fracturing, fluids made up of water, proppant, and chemical additives are pumped into the wells at high pressure
to create fractures in the formation. The fractures are held open by the proppant, allowing hydrocarbons to flow. Gelled fluid
systems (either linear or crosslinked) require a high performing viscosifier to achieve optimal proppant placement. Slick water
systems require friction reducers to transport proppant using much higher pump rates. Solvay is the world leader in these key
technologies and offers many additional additives necessary to design full fracturing fluid packages.

Hydraulic Fracturing Matrix Acidizing Function Purpose Solvay Brand

To artificially create fracture networks into the
Objective
payzone, increasing formation permeability
Suitable formation
Operation requirement
Chemical requirement
Increase fluid viscosity to ensure optimal proppant placement
High Performance
Use of acid to dissolve the formation in standard or challenging environments Tiguar
Gelling Agent
allowing flow of hydrocarbon (high temperature / high pressure / high depth / water quality)
Reacts with the polymer to strengthen the viscosity
Sandstone, carbonate Mainly carbonate Crosslinker
of the gelled fluid
Require low to mid pressure pumping
Require high pressure pumping facilities facilities which have good Friction Reducer To reduce the friction loss thus reducing required pump pressure
corrosion resistance
To eliminate the bacteria in the water source in order to
Biocide Tolcide
maintain the efficiency of viscosifier
w Viscosifier w Acid such as HCI
w Cross-Linker w Emulsifier Water Block Preventer Proprietary blend
w Breaker w Oil
w Surfactant w Acid Diverting Agent Breaker Degrades polymers to improve regained conductivity of the well
w Biocide w Non-Emulsifier
w Proppants w Iron Controlling Agent
w Friction Reducer w Corrosion Inhibitor
w Non-Emulsifier w Acid Friction Reducer

Products in bold provided by Solvay.

Matrix Acidizing
Matrix acidizing is carried out by injecting a concentrated acid solution into the formation in stages in order to create an
artificial wormhole network. Acid is chosen based on the formation type with the most popular acid choice being hydrochloric
acid (HCl) for carbonate rocks. Solvay offers a full range of chemicals able to improve the overall performance of acidizing jobs.

Acid treatments can also be used to remove wellbore damage caused by drilling, cementing or production operations.

Function Purpose Solvay Brand

To emulsify the acid in oil in order to reduce the reaction rate

Emulsifier Fentamine
between acid and rock

To divert the acid into the next zone in order to ensure homogenous
Acid Diverting Agent Fentacare
treatment across the payzone

Non-Emulsifier To reduce / prevent acid sludge / emulsion formation Clearbreak

To reduce / prevent the formation

Iron Controlling Agent
of acid sludge
To reduce the pressure loss caused by friction when acid solution is
Acid Friction Reducer
being pumped down hole

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Key Benefits of
Solvay’s Derivatized Guar
w Improved performance
and reliability
w Use in extreme conditions
-high temperatures
-high pressures
-poor water quality
w Hydrates quickly
w Range of viscosities
w Does not contain residues
w Tighter specification control
wC
 ross-linkable with
either borate, zirconium,
or titanium organic salts
to further increase bond
strength and stability
Linear Gel (Not Cross-linked)
Cross-linked Gel
4 5
Guar Based Viscosifiers Polyacrylamide Based
Friction Reducers
Solvay is the world’s largest producer of derivatized guar and one of the major Friction reducers are used mainly in slickwater frac operations to reduce the pressure
suppliers of native guar into the Oil & Gas market. Due to their inherent properties loss caused by friction. Solvay offers a wide range of polyacrylamide based friction
(good viscosity, temperature stable, degradable), guar based viscosifiers are widely reducers targeted to answer the demand of different water chemistries.
used in hydraulic fracturing applications. Guar products that are currently used in
Oil & Gas can be divided into two major classes: native and derivatized guar. The choice
of guar depends highly on the formation properties and gelling requirements. Derivatized Product Chemistry Application / Water Quality
guar offers enhanced properties in terms of hydration rate, temperature and pressure Key benefits of
stability, and tolerance to poor water quality (salt and solids). FR for fresh water and light brine Solvay’s Friction Reducers
FR-LC Anionic
up to 50K TDS
w High product stability
Guar Product Technology Main Attributes & Applications
FR-MC Cationic FR for fresh water quality up to 100K TDS w Hydration rate when
Tiguar® 308 NB Native Guar Standard grade, economic guar dosed into water/brine
Anionic FR with higher salt tolerance
FR-WH Anionic for use in fresh water quality to oilfield w Ease of use at wide range
Tiguar® 322 Native Guar Fast hydrating, high viscosity brine up to 150K TDS of temperatures
Derivatized Guar Low viscosity, hydration in cold water FR for fresh water, brines and acids. w Environmentally friendly
Tiguar® 411 Performance is found to be 2-3 times
Hydroxypropyl and poor quality TDS water FR-CAT Cationic product profile
better than other cationic FR’s.
Derivatized Guar High viscosity, high dispersion, Fresh water quality up to 200K TDS
Tiguar® 415
Hydroxypropyl recommended for batch jobs
w Excellent performance in
produced /flowback
FR for high brine. For use in fresh water
Derivatized Guar High viscosity, fast hydration for FR-HS Cationic (ultra-high TDS) waters
Tiguar® HP8FF quality to brine greater than 200K TDS
Hydroxypropyl large jobs done on the fly
Derivatized Guar Double derivatized for higher
Tiguar® 418 Carboxymethyl temperature applications, versatile
Hydroxypropyl in poor quality water
Dispersion / low shear
mixing conditions
E ective over wide
Insoluble residue
range of water quality
Fast Hydration
User-friendly
(<3-5 minutes)
Cross-linking with Hydration in Cold Water
zirconium (<50°F)
Cross-linking with
borate
Native Guar HP Guar CMHP Guar*
*CMHPG requires Zirconium for optimal crosslinking
 Drilling
Key Benefits of
Non-Emulsifiers
w Low Surface Tension
w Low pour points
w Stable in high temperatures
w Stable at low pH’s
w Good oil recovery
w Economical
w Low Toxicity
6 7
Non-Emulsifiers Stimulation Biocides
Solvay currently offers a variety of
non-emulsifiers for both acid and
Tolcide®4Frac: Tolcide® Range for Stimulation
Tolcide®4Frac is a range of performance enhanced THPS products specifically designed to
aqueous fracturing operations. Our
deliver added value solutions to microbial problems encountered in all stages of gelled fluid
Non-Emulsifier blends prevent the
and slickwater hydraulic fracturing applications. These formulations are based upon novel
acid and oil emulsion during and innovative technologies that give enhanced biocidal efficacy and compatibility with
acidizing or fracturing treatments. friction reducers and biopolymers.
The emulsions can cause emulsion
Key Benefits of
block which then leads to the
w Improvement of water quality - control of bacterial and algal proliferation in frac ponds Tolcide®4FRAC
shutting of the well. Non-Emulsifiers
may also contribute to friction w Maintaining optimum rheology and friction reduction performance by control of bacterial
w A range of novel and
activity in frac mixing tanks and during pumping (on-the-fly)
reduction during pressure pumping innovative solutions
treatments, even in dry gas wells w Control of souring in induced fractures - inhibiting SRB activity during and after fracturing specifically designed to
that will have no worry of emulsion. w Control and mitigation of blackwater on flow-back - dissolution of suspended FeS particles deliver added value
solutions to your microbial
They can be used in hydraulic
w Clean-up of flow-back water before reuse or disposal - control of bacterial activity and FeS fracturing problems
fracturing and acid stimulations,
as well as a flowback surfactant to w All formulations are
prevent water block. compatibility enhanced to
Live acid Spent acid ensure optimum pumping
Dosing rates may depend on acid Stimulation
Applications performance of gel and
Performance of some of our non-emulsifier packages when
mixtures during loading operations. interacted with crude oil in live and spent acid form Tolcide®4FRAC A Series: PS70A, PS50A and PS20A and PS70AF slickwater treatment
programs
Tolcide®4FRAC (50%)
Application Tolcide®4FRAC Tolcide®4FRAC A Series w Enhanced speed of kill
Product Chemistry Application and performance against
Injection Well Head all problematic bacteria,
Clearbreak NE-489
Oxyalkylated Phenolic
Resin Blend
Non-Emulsifier used in additive fluids
in sandstone and limestone formations (On-The-Fly, Fracturing Fluids) 3 including Acid producing
bacteria
Clearbreak NE-650 Surfactant Blend
Non-Emulsifier used in additive fluids in
sandstone and limestone formations
Flowback Treatment 3
Produced Water w Synergistic control of FeS
Clearbreak MS-44 Non-Ionic Surfactant Blend Green Non-Emulsifier (Before Discharge) 3 for superior control and
mitigation of blackwater
Clearbreak NE-700 Complex Polyester Blend
Oil soluble emulsion preventer and
emulsion breaker base
Frac Pond 3 w Designed and supported
by industry and application
Marcor 750 Quaternary-Nonionic Blend Emulsion preventer for acidizing Frac Tank 3 experts
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