CHAPTER 4

ASTROLABE – a new navigational instrument in Europe that borrowed from the Islamic world
which used it in deserts

TYMPAN – one rotation of the astrolabe’s plate

SEXTANT – measured celestial objects in relation to the horizon as opposed to measuring

them in relation to the instrument

POPE ALEXANDER VI – the Spanish descendant who declared that all lands west of the
longitude of the Cape Verde Islands should belong to Spain while new lands discovered east
of that line would belong to Portugal

JUAN DE ARANDA – Factor of the Casa de Contratacion

MARCH 22, 1518 – date when King Charles V named Magellan and Faleiro as Captains so
that they could travel in search of the Spice Island in July

RUI FALEIRO – Magellan’s partner in planning the expedition

JORGE REINEL – expert cartographer

DIOGO RIBEIRO – a Portuguese who had started working for Charles V in 1518 as a
cartographer at the Casa de Contratacion

5 ships provided by King Charles V for Magellan’s expedition:

a. TRINIDAD
b. SAN ANTONIO
c. CONCEPCION
d. SANTIAGO
e. VICTORIA

PRINCE HENRY – the Navigator who created a school for the advancement of navigation
laying the ground work for Portugal to become a leader in the age of exploration

BARTOLOMEU DIAS – the first European to sail around the Cape of Good Hope who also
found that India was reachable by sailing around the coast of the continent

VASCO DA GAMA – the first to successfully sail directly from Europe to India in 1498

PEDRO ALVARES CABRAL – he accidentally discovered Brazil while seeking a western route to
the India on April 21, 1500

FERDINAND MAGELLAN – a Portuguese and the first person to sail the Pacific Ocean and
around South America

JUAN SEBASTIAN ELCANO – took over after Magellan died and successfully completed the
voyage

FRANCIS XAVIER – a Spanish missionary who travelled extensively around Africa, India, South
Pacific and even Japan and China

PIZARRO – a Spanish explorer who militarily fought and conquered the Incan people and
culture, claiming most of South America for Spain

COLUMBUS – an explorer thought to be of Genoa, who after many unsuccessful attempts at

finding patronship, explored the possibility of a western passage to the East Indies for the
Spanish crown

HERNANDO CORTES – a Spanish conquistador who assembled an army from the Spanish
Colonies consisting of 600 men, 15 horsemen and 15 cannons
BALBOA – a Spanish conquistador who founded the colony of Darien in Panama

JUAN PONCE DE LEON – a Spanish conquistador who served as the Governor of Puerto Rico
when he started his own expedition in 1513, discovering Florida on March 27 of the same
year and reaching its eastern coast on April 2

MARCH 17, 1521 – date when Magellan reached the island of Homonhon in the Philippines

RAJAH HUMABON – the first official Catholic Christian of the Philippines

MARCH 31, 1521 – date of the first mass in the Philippines

APRIL 27, 1521 – battle of Mactan

PUEBLO OR TOWN – headed by the gobernadorcillo or little governor

CABEZA DE BARANGAY – responsible for peace and order and recruited men for communal
public works