Sunteți pe pagina 1din 7

La Liga Filipina

La Liga Filipina (lit. The Philippine League) was a progressive organization created by Dr. José
Rizal in the Philippines in the house of Doroteo Ongjunco at Ilaya Street, Tondo, Manila in 1892.
The organization derived from La Solidaridad and the Propaganda movement. The purpose of La
Liga Filipina is to build a new group sought to involve the people directly in the reform movement.
The league was to be a sort of mutual aid and self-help society dispensing scholarship funds and
legal aid, loaning capital and setting up cooperatives, the league became a threat to Spanish
authorities that they arrested Rizal on July 6, 1892 on Dapitan.
During the exile of Rizal, The organization became inactive, through the efforts of Domingo Franco
and Andres Bonifacio, it was reorganized. The organization decided to declare its support for La
Solidaridad and the reforms it advocated, raise funds for the paper, and defray the expenses of
deputies advocating reforms for the country before the Spanish Cortes. Eventually after some
disarray in the leadership of the group, the Supreme Council of the League dissolved the society.
The Liga membership split into two groups when it is about to be revealed: the conservatives formed
the Cuerpo de Compromisarios which pledged to continue supporting the La Solidaridad while the
radicals led by Bonifacio devoted themselves to a new and secret society, the Katipunan.

Aims

 To unite the whole archipelago into one vigorous and homogenous organization;
 Mutual protection in every want and necessity;
 Defense against all violence and injustice
 Encouragement of instruction, agriculture, and commerce; and
 Study the application of reforms

Members of La Liga Filipina

Directors

 José Rizal, Founder


 Ambrosio Salvador, President of the League
 Agustin de la Rosa, Fiscal
 Bonifacio Arevalo, Treasurer
 Deodato Arellano, Secretary and first Supreme leader of Katipunan
Exile of Rizal]

 Domingo Franco, President and Supreme leader


 Deodato Arellano, Secretary-Treasurer
 Isidro Francisco, Fiscal
 Apolinario Mabini, Secretary
 Marcelo H. del Pilar, editor-in-chief
 Graciano Lopez Jaena, former editor-in-chief

Other members

 Andrés Bonifacio, Supreme leader of Katipunan and led the Cry of Pugad Lawin.
 Mamerto Natividad, One of the leaders of the revolution in Nueva Ecija.
 Moises Salvador, Master of lodge of the mason in Balagtas.
 Numeriano Adriano, Chief guard of lodge of the mason in Balagtas.
 José A. Dizon, Master of lodge of the mason in Taliba.
 Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista, War adviser during First Philippine Republic, Author of Philippine
Declaration of Independence.
 Timoteo Lanuza, Stated the depose to dispel the Spanish frail in the Philippine in 1889.
 Marcelino de Santos, Bidder and assistant of La Solidaridad.
 Paulino Zamora, Master of lodge of the mason in Lusong.
 Procopio Bonifacio
 Juan Zulueta, Member of lodge of the mason in Lusong, Member of Supreme Council.
 Doroteo Ongjunco, Member of lodge of the mason in Lusong
 Arcadio del Rosario,Publicist of lodge of the mason in Balagtas.
 Timoteo Paez, Member of Supreme Council

La solidaridad
La Solidaridad (The Solidarity) was an organization created in Spain on December 13,
1888. Composed of Filipino liberals exiled in 1872 and students attending Europe's
universities, the organization aimed to increase Spanish awareness of the needs of its
colony, the Philippines, and to propagate a closer relationship between the colony and
Spain.[1]
Headed by José Rizal's cousin, Galicano Apacible, it also issued a newspaper of the same
name which was published in Barcelona, Spain on February 15, 1889. It was edited
by Graciano López Jaena and later on by Marcelo H. del Pilar.[2] The social, cultural, and
economic conditions of the colonial Philippines was published in La Solidaridad. Speeches
of the Spanish liberals about the Philippines was also featured in the newspaper.
Members

 Dr. José Rizal (Laong Laan and Dimasalang)


 Marcelo H. del Pilar (Plaridel)
 Graciano Lopez Jaena (Diego Laura)
 Antonio Luna (Taga-Ilog)
 Mariano Ponce (Tigbalang, Kalipulako, Naning)
 Jose Maria Panganiban (Jomapa)
 Dominador Gomez (Ramiro Franco)

Other members[edit]

 Pedro Paterno
 Antonio Maria Regidor
 Isabelo de los Reyes
 Eduardo de Lete
 José Alejandrino
 Juan Luna
 Miguel Moran
 Felix Hidalgo
 Pedro Serrano

International members[edit]

 Professor Ferdinand Blumentritt (Austrian ethnologist)


 Dr. Miguel Morayta Sagrario (Spanish historian, university professor and statesman)
Note: Some friends of the Propaganda Movement also contributed

Trivia

 Laong-Laan (José Rizal's pen name) used as the same name of a railway station
 Graciano Lopez Jaena was the founder of La Solidaridad
 Pepe is the first pen name that Rizal used and he also used this for his artwork "Sa
Aking Mga Kabata"

History
La Solidaridad was established to express the goal of the Propaganda Movement towards
achieving assimilation with Spain.[3] The first issue of La Solidaridad came out on February
15, 1889. A fortnightly and a bi-weekly newspaper, La Solidaridad serves as the principal
organ of the Reform Movement in Spain
Comite de Propaganda in the Philippines funded the publication of the La Solidaridad. The
editorship for the newspaper was first offered to Rizal. However, he refused because during
that time he was annotating Antonio de Morga's Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas in London.
After Rizal, Graciano López Jaena was offered for the editorship of La Solidaridadand he
accepted
On April 25, 1889, La Solidaridad published the letter entitled "The aspirations of the
Filipinos" which was written by the Asociación Hispano-Filipina de
Madrid (English: Hispanic Filipino Association of Madrid) It pursued desires for

 Representation in the Cortes


 Abolition of censure
 An expressed and definite prohibition of the existing practices of exiling residents by
purely administrative order, and without a writ of execution from the courts of justice.
On December 15, 1889, Marcelo H. del Pilar replaced Graciano López Jaena as the editor
of La Solidaridad. Under his editorship, the aims of the newspaper expanded. His articles
caught the attention of Spanish leaders and ministers. Using propaganda, it pursued
desires for:

 That the Philippines be a province of Spain


 Representation Filipino priests instead of Spanish friars — Augustinians, Dominicans,
and Franciscans — in parishes and remote sitios
 Freedom of assembly and speech
 Equal rights before the law (for both Filipino and Spanish plaintiffs)
After years of publication from 1889 to 1895, funding of the La Solidaridad became
scarce. Comite de Propaganda's contribution to the newspaper stopped and del Pilar
funded the newspaper almost on his own. Penniless in Spain, del Pilar stopped the
publication of La Solidaridad on November 15, 1895, with 7 volumes and 160 issues. In del
Pilar's farewell editorial, he said :

We are persuaded that no sacrifices are too little to win the rights and the
“ liberty of a nation that is oppressed by slavery.[5]

Lupang Hinirang

Lupang Hinirang ([ˈlupaŋ hiˈniɾaŋ]; originally in Spanish: Patria Adorada [ˈpatɾja aðoˈɾaða];
English: Chosen Land) is the national anthem of the Philippines. Its music was composed in
1898 by Julián Felipe, and the lyrics were adapted from the Spanish poemFilipinas, written
by José Palma in 1899. Originally written it did not have lyrics when it was adopted as the
anthem of the revolutionary First Philippine Republic and subsequently played during
the proclamation of Philippine independence on June 12, 1898.
Under the American period, the Flag Act of 1907 prohibited the public display of flags,
banners, emblems, or devices used by revolutionaries in the Philippine–American
War.[1] Under this law, the colonial government banned the song from being played.[2] The
Flag Law was repealed in 1919. Under the Commonwealth, Commonwealth Act № 382,
approved on September 5, 1938, officially adopted the musical arrangement and
composition by Julián Felipe as the national anthem.
The Spanish lyrics were translated into Tagalog beginning in the 1940s, with the
current Filipino version from 1956 undergoing a slight revision in the 1960s. Over the years,
several English versions came into use. On February 12, 1998, Republic Act № 8491
codified the current Filipino lyrics into law.[1]

History
Lupang Hinirang began as incidental music which President Emilio
Aguinaldo commissioned for use in the proclamation of Philippine
independence from Spain. This task was given to Julián Felipe and was to replace a march
which Aguinaldo had deemed unsatisfactory. The original title of this new march
was Marcha Filipina-Magdalo ("Mágdalo Philippine March"), and was later changed
to Marcha Nacional Filipina ("Philippine National March") upon its adoption as the national
anthem of the First Philippine Republic on 11 June 1898, a day before independence was to
be proclaimed.
Felipe said that he had based his composition on three other musical pieces: the Marcha
Real, which is the current Spanish national anthem; the Grand March from Giuseppe
Verdi's Aïda; and the French national anthem, La Marseillaise.[3] It was played by the Banda
San Francisco de Malabón (now called the Banda Matanda, from present-day General
Trias) during the proclamation rites on 12 June.
In August 1899, the soldier and writer José Palma penned
the Spanish poem Filipinas during his stay in Casa Hacienda in Bautista, Pangasinan. The
poem was published for the first time for the first anniversary of the newspaper La
Independencia on 3 September 1899, and was subsequently set to the tune of the Marcha
Nacional Filipina.
Philippine law requires that the anthem always be rendered in accordance with Felipe's
original musical arrangement and composition, but the original holograph cannot be
located. In the 1920s, the time signature was changed to 4/4 to facilitate its singing and
the key was changed from the original C major to G.
After the repeal of the Flag Act of 1907 (which banned the use of all Filipino national
symbols) in 1919, the Insular Government decided to translate the hymn from its original
Spanish to English. The first translation was written around that time by the renowned
poet Paz Marquez Benitez of the University of the Philippines. The most popular translation,
called the "Philippine Hymn", was written by Senator Camilo Osías and an American, Mary
A. Lane.
Tagalog translations began appearing in the 1940s, with the first known one titled Diwa ng
Bayan ("Spirit of the Country"), which was sung during the Japanese occupation of the
Philippines. The second most popular one was O Sintang Lupa ("O Beloved Land")
by Julián Cruz Balmaceda, Ildefonso Santos, and Francisco Caballo; this was adopted as
the official version in 1948. Upon the adoption of Diwa ng Bayan, the song Awit sa Paglikha
ng Bagong Pilipinas and the Japanese national anthem Kimigayo were replaced.
During the term of President Ramon Magsaysay, Education Secretary Gregorio Hernández
formed a commission to revise the lyrics. On 26 May 1956, the Pilipino translation Lupang
Hinirang was sung for the first time. Minor revisions were made in the 1960s, and it is this
version by Felipe Padilla de León which is presently used. The Filipino lyrics have been
confirmed by Republic Act No. 8491 (the "Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines") in
1998, abandoning use of both the Spanish and English versions.
Historian Ambeth Ocampo observed that the Spanish lyrics, which were not intended to be
sung when composed, do not flow with the music very well compared to later English and
Filipino versions which are smoother. Also, some of the original meanings in Filipinas have
been lost in translation; for example, the original Hija del sol de oriente (literally, "Daughter
of the Orient (Eastern) Sun") became "Child of the sun returning" in the Philippine Hymn
and Perlas ng Silanganan ("Pearl of the Orient") in the present official Tagalog version.

Other anthems
Lupang Hinirang was not the first Filipino national anthem to be conceived. The composer
and revolutionist Julio Nakpil penned Marangál na Dalit ng Katagalugan (Honourable Hymn
of the Katagalugan), which was later called Salve Patria ("Hail, Fatherland"). It was
originally intended to be the official anthem of the Katipunan, the secret society that
spearheaded the Revolution. It is considered a national anthem because Andrés Bonifacio,
the chief founder and Supremo of the Katipunan, converted the organisation into a
revolutionary government—with himself as President—known as the Repúblika ng
Katagalugan (Tagalog Republic) just before hostilities erupted.[9] The arrangement was by
Julio Nakpil, who reconstructed it from memory after the original score was destroyed in
1945 during the battle for Manila. It would later be reworked and incorporated in the
orchestral piece, Salve, Filipinas.
The Katipunan or Republika ng Katagalugan was superseded by Aguinaldo's República
Filipina. The anthem, later renamed Himno Nacional, was never adopted by Aguinaldo for
unspecified reasons. It should be noted that the term "Katagalugan" in the anthem referred
the Philippine Islands as a whole and not just Tagalophone Filipinos.
The translation of Lupang Hinirang was used by Felipe Padilla de León as his inspiration
for Awit sa Paglikha ng Bagong Pilipinas, commissioned as a replacement anthem by
the Japanese-controlled Second Philippine Republic during World War II, and later adapted
during the Martial Law Era under President Ferdinand Marcos.

Title
Some English language sources erroneously translate Lupang Hinirang as "Beloved Land"
or "Beloved Country"; the first term is actually a translation of the incipit of the original
poem Filipinas (Tierra adorada), while "Beloved Country" is a translation of Bayang Magiliw,
the current version's incipit and colloquial name. Some sources assert that an English
version of anthem lyrics titled "Philippine Hymn" was legalised by Commonwealth Act №
382. That Act, however, only concerns itself with the instrumental composition by Julián
Felipe.

S-ar putea să vă placă și