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CHAPTER 1
Introduction

Water scarcity is the lack of sufficient available water resources to meet the
demands of water usage. Sustainability of available water resource in many reason of the
word is now a dominant issue. This problem is quietly related to poor water allocation,
inefficient use, and lack of adequate and integrated water management. Water is
commonly used for agriculture, industry, and domestic consumption. Therefore, efficient
use and water monitoring are potential constraint for home or office water management
system. Last few decades several monitoring systems integrated with water level
detection have become accepted. Measuring water level is an essential task for
government and residence perspective. In this way, it would be possible to track the actual
implementation of such initiatives with integration of various controlling activities.
Proper monitoring is needed to ensure water sustainability is actually being
reached, with disbursement linked to sensing and automation. Such programmatic
approach entails microcontroller based automated water level sensing and controlling.
One of the most commonly utilized device for monitoring water is a water level detector
which is a self-contained electronic device that sounds an alarm when its sensor is in
contact with water. It employs a simple mechanism to detect and indicate the water level
in an overhead tank or any other water container.

Statement of the Problem

Presently, nearly all households have their own tanks or reservoirs for water
storage at their homes. Almost all of them have faced different problems with respect to
their tanks. The most common problem faced is there’s no system to track the amount of
the water inside the tank. In addition, the said overflowing problem leads to different
problems like wastage of water and energy because there are frequent situations when
water pumps are started and that owners have no idea when it gets filled up and the pump
is kept pumping water to the tank which results to water spillage from the tank.
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This study will present a design to solve the above aforementioned problems by
developing and fabricating a reliable water level indicator. The proposed study aimed to
resolve water wastage. The water detection system will be automatically operated
through various sensors which promote development of automated devices.
The main questions to be focused and achieved at the end of this project are:
1. How to develop a reliable low-cost water level indicator?
2. How to integrate the monitoring software to the water-level indicator?
3. What is the characteristics of the monitoring model?

Significance of the Study

The researchers will seek to provide solution by developing a monitoring system
for the level of water of a certain tank. The project is a huge challenge to the researcher
for he has to bring together various systems in conceptualizing and putting this project
into reality. This project could be very beneficial to others.
Using a water level indicator saves power meaning less water and power are used
to regulate a water supply. In an age where energy conservation is of utmost importance,
using one of these devices is very beneficial.
Since a water level inidcator conserves power, it saves money, as well. Basically,
water regulation is optimized through these devices, which means that wasted electricity
and wasted water is kept at a minimum. That saves a substantial amount of money over
time.

Scope and Limitation

The scope of this project is to develop a reliable water level indicator system. It will
help the user to determine the level of water from well reservoir or the water tank using
the autonomous water level monitoring system. It will have a sensor that will detect the
water level. The microcontroller will process the data signal and display the amount of
water that is present from the tank then an LCD as the interfacing system will display the
water level on the tank. Once the water hits critical level the buzzer will then sound.