IPA Symbol Example Words

Consonants
p pit, sipping, tip
b bit, stubborn, tub
m map, summary, rim
t tap, attack, bat
d dip, shaded, shed
n nap, banner, span
k cap, cracker, pick
g gap, tiger, bag
ŋ no word initial, singing, thing
f fan, toffee, staff
v van, pavement, have
ɵ thin, bathroom, breath
ð then, brother, breathe
s sit, passive, brass
z zap, puzzle, buzz
ʃ shut, passion, push
ʒ genre, measure, beige
ɣ grolsch
x bach
ʧ chat, batches, match
ʤ judge, barges, fudge
h Hamilton, ahead, no word final
ʔ mitten, kitten
w wet, towel, cow
*r *perro
ɾ bottom, medal
 *ɹ rat, pardon, tar
l lip, pillow, still
j yes, player, toy

* You will likely be using [r] in place of what the IPA uses [ɹ] to represent the sound in rat

IPA Symbol Example Words

Vowels
i (ij) eat, deep
ɪ pit, sit
e (ej) fate, age
ɛ pet, elephant
æ pat, attic
u (uw) food, pool
ʊ foot, put
o (ow) oat, bowl
ɔ floor, shore
ʌ hut, putt
ɑ Pot, father
a * not used on its own in Eng.
ə above, elephant
aj high, eye
aw loud, crowd
ɔj toy, joy
 Articulatory Descriptions
Consonants

p - voiceless, bilabial, stop

b - voiced, bilabial, stop
m - voiced, bilabial, nasal
ɸ - voiceless, bilabial, fricative
β - voiced, bilabial, fricative
f - voiceless, labio-dental, fricative
v - voiced, labio-dental, fricative
θ - voiceless, interdental, fricative
ð - voiced, interdental, fricative
t - voiceless, alveoalr, stop
d - voiced, alveolar, stop
n - voiced, alveolar, nasal
r - voiced, alveolar, trill
ɾ - voiced, alveolar, flap
s - voiceless, alveolar, fricative
z - voiced, alveolar, fricative
ɹ - voiced, alveolar, retroflex
l - voiced, alveolar, lateral
ʃ - voiceless, alveo-palatal, fricative
ʒ - voiced, alveo-palatal, fricative
tʃ - voiceless, alveo-palatal, affricate
dʒ - voiced, alveo-palatal, affricate
j - voiced, palatal,glide
w - voiced, labio-velar, glide
ʍ - voiceless, labio-velar, glide
k - voiceless, velar, stop
g - voiced, velar, stop
ŋ - voiced, velar, nasal
ɲ - voiced, palatal, nasal
x - voiceless, velar, fricative
ɣ - voiced, velar, fricative
ʔ - voiceless (only voiceless possible), glottal, stop
h - voiceless, glottal, fricative
ʦ - voiceless, dental, affricate
dz - voiced, dental, affricate
ʎ - voiced, palatal, lateral
ʀ/ʁ - voiced, uvular, trill
c - voiceless, palatal, fricative
 Articulatory Descriptions

Vowels

Criteria: height, frontness/backness, tension (tense, lax) and rounding

i (ij) - high, front, tense, unrounded, vowel

ɪ - high, front, lax, unrounded, vowel
e (ej) - mid, front, tense, unrounded, vowel
ɛ - mid, front, lax, unrounded, vowel
æ - low, front, lax, unrounded, vowel
əә - upper-mid, central, lax, unrounded, vowel
ʌ - lower-mid, central, lax, unrounded, vowel
u (uw) - high, back, tense, rounded, vowel
ʊ - high, back, lax, rounded, vowel
o (ow) - mid, back, tense, rounded, vowel
ɔ - mid, back, lax, rounded, vowel
ɑ - low, back, tense, unrounded, vowel

Diphthongs

aj - low, central, lax, unrounded, vowel + voiced, palatal, glide

ɔj - mid, back, lax, rounded, vowel + voiced, palatal, glide
aw - low, central, lax, unrounded, vowel + voiced, labio-velar, glide

Examples of Natural Classes

[p t k b d g] stops
[m n ŋ] nasals
[f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ h] fricatives
[tʃ dʒ] affricates
[p b m] bilabials
[p b m f v] labials
[t d n r ɾ s z l] alveolars
[ʃ ʒ tʃ dʒ] alveo-palatals
[k g ŋ] velars
[j w] glides
[l r] liquids
[l r j w] approximants
[l r j w m n ɪ ɛ u o ɑ] sonorants
[s z ʃ ʒ tʃ dʒ] sibilants (stridents)
[f v s z l r j w i ɪ e ɛ u o æ] continuants
[i ɪ e ɛ æ] front vowels
[i ɪ u ʊ ] high vowels
[u ʊ o ɔ oj] rounded vowels
[i e u o ɑ oj aj aw] tense vowels