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Elements of VA
N and P are non-metals, while others are metals.
Some elements show allotropy
Catenation is absent
Metallic character increases down the group
d orbital involve in bond formation
It show 3 and 5 oxidation states
NITROGEN AND ITS
COMPOUNDS
Elements of VIA
All elements are non-metals except Po.
Al elements show allotropy
Catenation is present
M.P, B.P and atomic radii increases down the group
d orbital involve in bond formation
It shows -2 oxidation states.
OCCURANCE OF GROUP VI-A
ELEMENT
O2 comprises 50% of earth crust.
Oxygen found in air in free state.
Water contains 89% oxygen.
CaCO3 contains 98% oxygen.
Silica contains 53% oxygen.
Sulphur is present in metallic ores.
Sulphur also present in onions, garlic,
mustard, hair, oil, egg & proteins.
COMPARISON OF S AND O
Oxygen Sulphur
Have six electrons in outer shell Similar to O
Form two covalent bonds Similar to O
Allotropes are O3 and O2 Three allotropes, rhombic, monoclinic and plastic
Polyatomic molecule Similar to O
Forms oxides Forms sulphides
Forms covalent bond with non metal Similar to O
Non metal Similar to O
Free state and combine state Similar to O
It is a gas It is solid
Sparingly soluble in H2O Insoluble
Helps in combustion Itself combustible
Paramagnetic in nature Diamagnetic
No reaction with O2 at all Forms SO2 and H2S at high temp
No reaction with acid Oxidized by H2SO4 and HNO3
No reaction with alkalies React with alkali and form sulphide and thiosulphate
Shows -2 oxidation state Shows -2, +2, +4 and +
SULPHURIC ACID (H2 SO4)
Discovered by Jabar–ibn–Hayan
It was called oil vitriol
Some H2 SO4 is present in water of some springs and rivers.
Contract Process For Preparation
SO2 is produced by burning of S or FeS and again oxidized
to SO3 in presence of V2O5 at 400 – 500C.
SO2 absorbed by H2 SO4 and converts into oleum H2 S2O7.
Water is added to H2 S2O7 and forms H2 SO4.
Properties of H2 SO4
Colourless oil liquid
Specific gravity is 1.834 at 181C
Freezing point 10.5 C
Boiling point 338 C
Soluble in water, exothermic reaction
Pure is nonconductor, but dilute is good
Corrosive to skin
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
On heating changes into SO3 and H2O.
Strong acid completely ionizes in water.
Reacts with alkali to give salt and water.
Reacts with carbonates and bicarbonates to give salt.
Reacts with NH3 to give ammonium sulphate
Reacts with benzene to give benzene sulphonic acid
Reacts with metal in following manner:
Cold and dilute acid give salt and H2
Cold and concentrated acid do not react
Hot and concentrated acid liberate SO2 and metallic sulphate
Good dehydrating agent, removes water from organic compounds and
liberate CO, CO2 and black C.
As an oxidizing agent oxidizes C and S to their oxides, H2S to S, HBr,
Hl to Br2 and l2 respectively.
Reacts with BaCl2 and Pb (NO3)2 to give precipitation of BaSO4 and
PbSO4
Reacts with KMnO4 and K2Cr2O7 and liberate O2
MINERALS OF GROUP VIA
ELEMENTS
Name Formula
Galena PbS
Zinc blende ZnS
Cinnabar HgS
Stibnite Sb2S3
Copper pyrite Cu2S
Iron pyrite FeS2 & Fe2S3
Gypsum CaSO4
Heavy spar BaSO4
QUESTION
Which one of the following is a correct
reaction of concentrated H2SO4.
a) It always gives H2 with metals.
b) It can dehydrate C2H5OH to CH2 = CH2
c) It gives SO2 by all metals
d) It oxidizes Cl- ion to Cl2