Jenna

NAME ______________________________________ DATE _______________ CLASS _________

Guided Reading Activity netw rks

Independence and Nationalism in the Developing World

Lesson 3 Africa

Review Questions
Directions: Read each main idea. Use your textbook to supply the details that support or
explain each main idea.

A. Main Idea: Free from colonial rule, many African nations faced serious political,
economic, social, and health challenges. Apartheid ended in South Africa, and Nelson
Mandela became the country’s first black president.

1. Detail: The Charter of the ________________

United Nations states that ________________
Colonial
people have the right to ________________
Self-determination .

2. Detail: South African leader ________________

Nelson Mandela and the African National Congress
opposed ________________
white rule and sought social and political reforms.

3. Detail: Some African nations were drawn into ________________

proxy wars as the
United States and the Soviet Union took opposing sides in African political struggles
during the ________________
Cold War.

4. Detail: African nations suffered from drought, disease, wars, corruption,

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overpopulation, and a reliance on single-crop ________________
exports and foreign
________________
investment .

5. Detail: Overcrowding and pollution have become major problems in Africa; the
________________
HIV/AIDS epidemic is a worldwide problem but has hit Africa south of the
Sahara hardest.

B. Main Idea: Africa is a study in contrasts. Old and new, native and foreign, live side by
side. One result is a constant tension between traditional ways and Western culture.
60%
1. Detail: About ________________ percent of Africa's population live outside cities;
thatched dwellings without plumbing or
they still live much as their ancestors did, in ________________
electricity.

2. Detail: These rural dwellers are dependent upon nature for their livelihoods.
Weather conditions such as ________________
drought flooding
and ________________ can
sometimes force them to migrate to urban areas in search of work.

3. Detail: Many urban people see rural dwellers as backward, while rural people
see cities as corruptive and prize ________________
traditional African values.

4. Detail: Most African women can ________________

vote and hold office, but
they remain in low-paid positions and are subject to traditions like arranged
marriages
________________ .
 Jenna
NAME ______________________________________ DATE _______________ CLASS _________

Guided Reading Activity Cont. netw rks

Independence and Nationalism in the Developing World

5. Detail: Many African artists have addressed tensions between traditional and
________________
modern foreign
and between native and ________________ in their work.

Summary and Reflection

Directions: Summarize the main ideas of this lesson by answering the question below.

What challenges have African nations faced on their road to independence?

__________________________________________________________________________
They have faced many economic and political challenges, which created many problems
__________________________________________________________________________
that were hard to solve. African nations relied on single-crop exports, as well as foreign
investment. The dependence on western (foreign) financial aid resulted in many economic
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
problems. Other hardships they've faced include rapid population growth and weather
problems, like floodings and droughts, which caused a slow economic growth, pollution,
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
and poverty in both rural and urban areas. Moreover, Afrikaners strengthened the laws of
apartheid, which angered the black people of Africa. In 1960, Afrikaners killed 69 people
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
who were leading a peaceful march. Later on, arresting the African National Congress
__________________________________________________________________________
leader, Nelson Mandela.

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
__________________________________________________________________________