MEDGEEKS

Clinical
Medicine
Cheat
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High Yield Review

by
Medgeeks

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PHYSCIANASSISTANTBOARDS !1
High Yield Review 1
CARDIOLOGY 3
PULMONOLOGY 4
MUSCULOSKELETAL RHEUMATOLOGY 5
GASTROENTEROLOGY 7
REPRODUCTIVE 8
GENITOURINARY 9
EENT 10
ENDOCRINOLOGY 11
NEUROLOGY 12
HEMATOLOGY 13
PSYCHIATRY 14
DERMATOLOGY 15
INFECTIOUS DISEASE 16

PHYSCIANASSISTANTBOARDS !2
 CARDIOLOGY



Condition Fact / Association Condition Fact / Association

CHF Orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal ACS UA, STEMI, NSTEMI, Morphine,
dyspnea, jugular venous distention, S3 Nitrates, loading dose of P2y12

Cocaine Induced MI NO Betablockers, give

HOCM Sudden death in athlete
benzodiazepines

Fixed wide splitting of S2 Aortic Aneurysm Tobacco - ultrasound > 65

Atrial Septal Defect
Aortic Marfan Syndrome, ehlers danlos
Coarctation of Aorta X-Ray, Rib notching, 3 sign
Dissection Syndrome, Tearing chest pain, Wide
mediastinum
PDA Machine like murmur
GCA Jaw claudication, Visual disturbance,
Tetralogy of Fallot Cyanosis with crying or feeding >50 years of age. Elevated ESR

PAD Leg pain relieved with rest, cilostazol

VSD Holosystolic Murmur

Superficial Palpable
Cardiogenic Shock Hypotensive, cool, clammy skin, and Cord
Thrombophlebitis
MI
DVT Virchow’s Triad, unilateral LE
Atrial Fibrillation Irregularly irregular rhythm swelling, pain, and erythema. Homan
sign
Atrial Flutter Saw tooth pattern
Murmurs Squatting/leg raise/ handgrip
increases the sound of all murmurs
AV Block Long PR interval
except MVP and HOCM

Mobitz 1 Progressively lengthening PR Interval

Aortic Stenosis Systolic, 2nd right intercostal space,

Dropped QRS without lengthening radiates to neck

Mobitz 2
Mitral regurgitation Holosytolic murmur
Third Degree Block Independent P wave and QRS complex
MVP Women, anxiety, mid-systolic click

Paroxysmal Narrow complex tachycardia

Aortic Regurgitation Wide pulse pressure. Water hammer
Supraventricular pulse
Tachycardia
Endocarditis New murmur, fever, injection drug
use, streptococcus viridans, Jane way
Stable Angina Chest pain relieved with rest
lesions, Osler nodes, Roth Spots

Diffuse ST segment elevations, Pericarditis Pleuritic chest pain. Worse upon

Prinzmetal
coronary artery spasm laying, Improves with sitting. ST
Angina
segment elevation, PR depression

PHYSCIANASSISTANTBOARDS !3
 PULMONOLOGY



Condition Fact / Association Condition Fact / Association

Asthma Wheezing, reversible airway PE Virchows triad, sinus tachycardia,

disorder. Samters triad: Asthma, pleuritic chest pain, S1Q3T3,
ASA allergy, nasal polyp. Reduced Westermark sign, Hampton hump
FEV1 to FVC ratio

Acute Bronchitis Viral, cough, negative CXR

Bronchiolitis RSV
Asbestosis Insulation, ship building
Epiglottitis HIB. Hot potato voice, sniffing
position, drooling. X-ray: Thumb
sign

Croup Barking cough. X-ray: Steeple sign

Silicosis Sandblasting, mines, egg shell
Inspiratory whoop calcification
Pertussis

Pneumonia Productive cough, pleuritic chest

pain, fever. lobar consolidation = Coal Workers Coal
bacteria. bilateral Pneumoconiosis
interstitial infiltrates =
viral/pneumocystis

TB Fever, night sweats, hemoptysis.

AFB/culture x 3 days. RIPE Beryllium Aerospace, electrical plants
therapy. Screen with TNF
inhibitors, immigration

Carcinoid Syndrome Diarrhea, flushing, bronchospasm

Sarcoidosis Non caseating granulomas,

Bronchiectasis Cystic fibrosis. Tram lines.
erythema nodosum, bilateral hilar
Obstructive pattern.
adenopathy, elevated ACE
Emphysema Smoking, alpha 1 antitrypsin
deficiency, barrel chest, decreased
DLCO and FEV1

Chronic Bronchitis Smoking, decreased FEV1

Pneumothorax Smoking, family history, males
tall/skinny, pleuritic chest pain
Cystic Fibrosis Autosomal recessive, infertility,
sweat chloride test

PHYSCIANASSISTANTBOARDS !4
 MUSCULOSKELETAL
RHEUMATOLOGY
Condition Fact / Association Condition Fact / Association
Anterior Shoulder Abducted, externally rotated. Spinal Stenosis Shopping cart sign (pain relieved
Dislocation Axillary nerve affected with forward bending)

Posterior Shoulder Adducted, internally rotated. Avascular Necrosis Femoral neck fracture, limp, frog
Dislocation Electrical injury, lightning, seizure leg lateral X-ray

Legg-Calve-Perthes Knee pain, avascular necrosis of

Rotator Cuff Tear Empty can test
hip

Mid-Shaft Humerus Wrist drop (radial nerve) Slipped capital Obese. X-ray: posterior
Fracture Femoral Epiphysis displacement of the femoral
epiphysis.
Clavicle Fracture middle third most commonly
affected. Treat with sling Developmental Hip Positive Ortalani and Barlow test.
Dysplasia Palpable clunk. Pavlick harness
Supracondylar Children. Median nerve and
Fracture brachial artery affected. Anterior Hip Fracture External rotation and shortening
sail and posterior fat pad sign.
Gun stock deformity. Volkmann’s
contracture ACL Deceleration, hyperextension, pop,
and swelling. Positive lachman or
Elbow Dislocation Posterior dislocation most anterior drawer test
common
Meniscal Tear Mechanical symptoms. Baker cyst.
Scaphoid Fracture FOOSH. Snuffbox tenderness. Positive McMurry and Apley test
Thumb spica splint
Osgood-Schaltter Knee pain worse with exercise.
Carpal Tunnel Median nerve. Phalen Sign. Tinel Children. Tenderness over tibial
Disease
Syndrome Sign. Compression test. Thenar tuberosity.
eminence atrophy
Achilles Ankle Tear Positive Thompson test
Boxer Fracture 5th metacarpal fracture. Ulnar
gutter splint Osteomyelitis Staph aureus

Dequervain Pregnancy. Finklestein test Ewing Sarcoma Moth eaten pattern and onion peel
Tenosynovitis appearance

Chronic Bronchitis Smoking, decreased FEV1 Osteoarthritis Knee. Bouchard (PIP) and
Heberdens (DIP) nodes
Ankylosing Young male, HLA B27, Bamboo
spondylitis sign Osteoporosis Risk factors: Smoking,
glucocorticoids, amenorrhea
Cuada Equina Bowel/bladder incontinence,
saddle paresthesia Osteosarcoma Sunburst pattern

PHYSCIANASSISTANTBOARDS !5
 MUSCULOSKELETAL 

RHEUMATOLOGY


Condition Fact / Association Condition Fact / Association

Compartment pain out of proportion. 6 Ps: pain, Scleroderma Fibrosis. Calcinosis, Raynaud
Syndrome pressure, paresthesia, phenomenon, GERD,
pulselessness, pallor, paralysis sclerodactyly, telangiectasis.
Anticentromere antibodies and
RA Bilateral symmetric and
SCL-70 antibodies
progressive. Boutonniere and
Swan neck deformity. Felty
syndrome: rheumatoid arthritis,
splenomegaly and neutropenia

Fibromyalgia Women, depression, pain

Psuedogout Calcium pyrophosphate. Positive

birefringent rhomboid shaped
crystals
Sjogren Dry eyes. Positive Shirmer test.
Juvenile RA Polyarthritis, spiking fevers,
Positive anti-ro (SSA) and anti-la
salmon colored rash. Risk of
(SSB) antibodies. Oral candidiasis
uveitis.
and non-hodgkin lymphoma
Polyarteritis Nodosa Hepatitis B (etiology). Livedo association.
reticularis, mononeuritis
multiplex.

Polymyositis Progressive proximal muscle

weakness, dysphagia

Dermatomyositis Heliotrope rash, guttron papules,

shawl sign. Risk of malignancy.
Anti-jo-1 and Mi-2 antibodies

Polymyalgia > 50 years of age. Giant Cell Gout Monoarticular. podagra. needle
Rheumatica arteritis shaped negatively birefringent
crystals under polarized light.
Reactive Arthritis GI/GU infection, urethritis,
conjunctivitis

SLE Malar rash, Positive ANA, discoid

rash. Double stranded DNA and
anti-Smith antibodies

PHYSCIANASSISTANTBOARDS !6
 GASTROENTEROLOGY



Condition Fact / Association Condition Fact / Association

GERD Relaxed LES. Chronic cough. Diverticulosis Red meat and fat. LLQ pain.
Aggravated by caffeine, obesity, Constipation. Colonoscopy
ETOH, tobacco. PPI

Esophagitis HIV = Candida

Zenker Diverticulum Undigested food Diverticulitis Infection. CT scan. Augmentin.

Cipro + Metronidazole
Achalasia Birds beak

Plummer Vincent Iron therapy Skip leasions, transmural, fistulas

Crohn’s
Syndrome ASCA positive. 5-asa

Mallory Weis Tear Coughing/Vomitting = blood

UC Colon, pANCA positive. 5-ASA
Esophageal Varices Bleed = Ocreotide/fluoroquinolone
followed by TIPS. Beta blockers to
prevent bleeding Intussusception Abdominal pain, current jelly
stool, vomiting. Diagnostic enema
Dyspepsia >55 = scope

Gastric cancer Hpylori, ETOH, and smoking.

Palpable mass. Gastric ulcers = IBS pain relieved with defecation
repeat endoscopy to rule out
cancer. Small bowel Abdominal X-rays - dilated loop of
obstruction bowel with air fluid levels
Pyloric Stenosis Projectile vomitting; olive sign

Cholecystitis Murphys Sign. Referred pain to Toxic megacolon >6cm dilation

right shoulder

Indirect hernia Scrotal mass

Cirrhosis Hepatitis C and ETOH

Epigastric pain radiating to the Umbilical hernia Self resolves by 3 years of age
Pancreatitis
back. Increased lipase >3x

Appendicitis Periumbilical then RLQ.

McBurney's point. Clinical Infectious Diarrhea Blood. WBC. Campylobacter
diagnosis Fluroquiolone

Celiac Disease Tissue transglutaminase and

endomysial antibody. Gluten free

PHYSCIANASSISTANTBOARDS !7
 REPRODUCTIVE
Condition Fact / Association Condition Fact / Association
Amenorrhea HCG, TSH, Prolactin. Ectopic Pregnancy Fallopian tube.Positive pregnancy
Progesterone challenge. test, vaginal bleed, pelvic pain,
cervical motion tenderness. IUP
DUB Anovulation. Coagulation disorder.
seen when HCG >2,000
OCP

Endometrial Cancer Risk: Obesity, anovulation,

Nulliparity, FHX, Post menopausal
bleeding = biopsy. Endometrial
stripe >5 mm Molar Pregnancy HCG >100,000. Snow storm
pattern
Endometriosis chocolate cyst. Chronic pelvic
pain. laparoscopy. OCP. leuprolide

Leiomyoma Estrogen/progesterone dependent. Chronic hypertension < 20 weeks

Shrink at menopause.

Ovarian Cancer Early satiety and bloating. > 20 weeks. No end organ damage
Gestational HTN
Complex Cyst. CA-125. BRCA-1/2 or proteinuria. Labetolol and
Pap >21 every 3 years. HPV 16 and methyldopa
Cervical Cancer
18.

Bacterial Vaginosis Clue cells

Eclampsia Preeclampsia + seizure.
Trichomoniasis Green frothy discharge.
Magnesium
Strawberry cervix

Candidiasis Cottage cheese. budding yeast.

hyphae
Placenta Previa Painless 2nd and 3rd trimester
Menopause 51y/o. Elevated FSH. HRT: Give bleed. No digital or TV ultrasound
progesterone to protect uterus.

Breast cancer Mammogram > 50. BRCA-1/2.

Biopsy. Positive receptors = Post partum Uterine Atony
tamoxifen Hemorrhage
Galactorrhea Prolactin

PID Chlamydia and gonorrhea.

PROM < 37 weeks
Cervical motion tenderness. Pelvic
pain.
<20 weeks. Vaginal bleeding. Pelvic Placental abruption Painful third trimester bleed
Abortion
pain

PHYSCIANASSISTANTBOARDS !8
 GENITOURINARY

Condition Fact / Association Condition Fact / Association

BPH Lower urinary tract obstructive Wilms tumor < 5 years of age. Painless
symptoms. Increased PSA. Alpha unilateral abdominal mass
blockers

Cryptorchidism Surgery by 6 months. Risk of

cancer and infertility
Self resolves by 2 years Pre-renal failure BUN: Cr > 20:1. Dehydration.
Hydrocele
Decreased urinary sodium
Varicocele Bag of worms. Left side

Stress Incontinence Sneezing, coughing, laughing,

Kegal exercise. Pessaries and
surgery Intrinsic failure BUN: Cr 10:1. ATN. Increased
Urinary Sodium
Urge Incontinence Overactivity of detrusor muscle.
Kegal. Oxybutinin

Nephrolithiasis Calcium oxylate. > 10mm =

lithotripsy or uteroscopy. Flank
Post renal Failure Obstruction. Catheter
pain and hematuria. Thiazide for
prevention.

Paraphimosis Skin retracted behind gland.

Emergency Nephrotic Syndrome > 3.5 grams urinary protein.
Edema, hyperlipidemia,
Torsion Bell clapper deformity. Absent
hypoalbuminemia
prehn sign and cremasteric reflex.
Surgery

Pyelonephritis Cystitis + fever + CVA tenderness

Epididymitis Positive prehn sign

Renal Artery Stenosis Resistant hypertension.

Orchitis Mumps
Abdominal bruit
Bladder carcinoma Painless hematuria. > 40 years

Prostate cancer No routine screening

Renal cell carcinoma Abdominal mass, hematuria, flank MUDPILERS

Anion gap acidosis
pain. Nephrectomy

Testicular carcinoma 15-35 years. Germ cell

PHYSCIANASSISTANTBOARDS !9
 EENT


Condition Fact / Association Condition Fact / Association

Blepharitis Seborrheic, warm compress, baby Otitis media Strep, moraxella, haemophilus.
shampoo Tugging of ear. Immobility of TM.
Bulging TM. Amoxicillin.
Blow out fracture Enopthalmos and Dystopia.
Periocular ecchymosis, diplopia,
infraorbital nerve damage.
Acoustic Neuroma 8th cranial nerve. Benign tumor.
Cataract Opacity of lens. UV light. Absent Sensorineural hearing loss.
red reflex.

Chalazion Chronic painless nodule Cholesteatoma Painless otorrhea. Retraction

pockets. CT scan.
Allergic Conjunctivitis Ropy watery. Pruritis

Otitis Externa Swimming and Qtips. Otorrhea.

Bacterial Unilateral purulent discharge. Pain with tragus/pinna movement.
conjunctivitis
Viral Bilateral mucoserous discharge Acute sinusitis < 4 weeks. Viral
conjunctivitis
Fluorescein staining Chronic sinusitis > 12 weeks. Anosmia. CT scan.
Corneal Abrasion
Glucocorticoids, antibiotics
Glaucoma Optic neuritis. Increased ocular (weeks), nasal saline
pressure may or may not occur. No
screening.
Epistaxis Keisselbach plexus
Closed angle Halo, headache, vomiting, fixed
pupil
Pharyngitis Centor criteria. Penicillin
Hordeolum Warm compress

Macular Central vision loss. > 65. Smoking. < 3 weeks. Viral
Acute laryngitis
Degeneration Amsler grid. Drusen. AREDS II
formulation.
Oral candidiasis White patch bleeds when scraped.
Orbital Cellulitis Staph and Strep. Pain with Oral Nystatin
movement. EOM paralysis. CT
scan.
Oral leukoplakia White patches can’t be scraped.
Retinal Detachment Painless vision loss. Curtain being Pre-cancerous. Biopsy
pulled down over their eyes.

Retinal artery Amaurosis fugax. Pale retina Peritonsilar Abscess unilateral sore throat, hot potato
occlusion voice, truisms, displaced uvula.
I&D
Strabismus Correct by 4 months. Cover/
uncover test
PHYSCIANASSISTANTBOARDS !10
 ENDOCRINOLOGY

Condition Fact / Association Condition Fact / Association
Primary Elevated PTH and calcium. Low Type 1 DM Low C-peptide. Antibodies. Beta
hyperparathyroid phosphate. Short QT interval. cell destruction.
Bones, stones, and moans, psych
groans

Secondary Elevated PTH. Normal/Low

hyperparathyroid calcium. Renal failure and Vit D Type 2 DM Insulin insensitivity. Weight loss.
deficiency Metformin.

Hypoparathyroid Neck Surgery. Chvostek and

Trousseau. Prolonged QT

Graves Eye and Skin manifestation

Diabetic Ketoacidosis Hyperglycemia( < 1,000 (but
Hyperthyroid PTU - first trimester. methimazole usually about 350). Type 1. Anion
Treatment - after first trimester gap metabolic acidosis and serum
ketones. Infection. Hypokalemia.
Central hypothyroid Low TSH and Free T4. Check
adrenal function

Thyroid nodule TSH. Ultrasound. Warm Nodules

are benign. Cold nodules are
cancer.

Cushings Pituitary adenoma. Lung tumor.

HHS Glucose > 1,000. Type 2
Adrenal tumor. Low ACTH =
adrenal. High ACTH = pituitary or
lung.
Increased ACTH = adrenal. Low Hyperlipidemia Triglycerides > 1,000 =
Addisons
ACTH = pituitary. ACTH pancreatitis. Statins first line.
stimulation test. Hyponatremia
and hyperkalemia.
Fludrocortisone

Adrenal cortical Androgen and/or estrogen Prolactinemia Galactorrhea, oligomenorrhea,

carcinoma secreting = cancer. CT scan. amenorrhea. Hook effect. HCG,
Surgery TSH, MRI. Cabergoline.

Acromegaly Increased growth hormone.

Pituitary tumor. Large hands/feet.
Increased insulin like growth
factor.

PHYSCIANASSISTANTBOARDS !11
 NEUROLOGY



Condition Fact / Association Condition Fact / Association

Migraine Unilateral. Pulsating. GBS Ascending weakness/paralysis.
Photophobia. Aura. 4-72 hours. Absent DTR. Campylobacter
Triptan. infection. IVIG or plasma
exchange.
Cluster Headache + Lacrimation +
rhinorrhea. Men. 100% oxygen.
Dementia Gradual. Progressive. TSH and
Tension Bilateral. Band like
Vitamin B12. Cholinesterase
Confused or altered mental status. inhibitor. Mamantine.
Encephalitis
Fever. HSV. CT scan, then LP
Delirium Acute. Reversible. Fluctuations of
Meningitis Brudzinski. Kernig. Fever. CT and
consciousness.
LP. Dexamethasone, ceftriaxone,
vancomycin. Affects white matter. > 2 distinct
Multiple Sclerosis
Not a rest. Improves with alcohol. episodes. Women. Sensory
Essential Tremor
Treat with propranolol. symptoms. Optic neuritis.
Oligoclonal bands.
Huntington Disease Chorea, psychiatric change, Glucocorticoids.
dementia. Genetic testing.
Tetrabenazine. Quitiapine.
Myasthenia Gravis Muscle weakness. Acetacholine
Parkinsons Decrease dopamine. Pill rolling.
receptor antibodies. Worse at the
Cogwheel rigidity, Shuffling gait.
end of day. Ptosis and diplopia.
Anticholingerics. Levodopa-
EMG. Thymectomy < 60 or with
carbidopa.
thymoma.
SAH Berry aneurism. Anterior circle of
willis. Stop smoking. Thunderclap
Seizure Postictal confusion. Tongue biting.
headache, meningeal signs + LOC.
Urination. Foaming of mouth.
CT and LP.

Stroke Ischemic > Hemorrhage. Facial

paresis, arm drift/weakness, Absence Petit mal. Generalized. Children.
abnormal speech. CT scan. TPA Staring. Lip smacking.
<4.5 hours. Angiography. Ethosuximide.

TIA Signs and symptoms of stroke

without infarct Status > 5min. Benzodiazepine.
Epilepticus Fosphenytoin or phenytoin.
Concussion Confusion and amnesia. Post Phenobarbital.
concussion syndrome.

PHYSCIANASSISTANTBOARDS !12
 HEMATOLOGY

Condition Fact / Association Condition Fact / Association
B12 Deficiency Megaloblastic. Peripheral Immune Shiga Toxin producing ECOLI
neuropathy. MMA Thrombocytopenia 0157:H7. Quinine.
Microangiopathic hemolytic
Folate Deficiency Megaloblastic. No neuro
anemia and thrombocytopenia.
symptoms

Iron Deficiency Blood loss. Microcytic. Low 65. Myeloid. Auer rod. Phi bodies.
AML
ferritin. M3 all-trans-retinoic acid. > 20%
Anemia of chronic Microcytic/normocytic. Normal blasts
disease ferritin.
ALL Children. Lymphoid. > 20% blasts.
Hemolysis Increased LDH, reticulocyte, TdT
Indirect bilirubin. Decreased
haptoglobin. CML Neutrophils. Basophilia.
Leukocytosis. 9:22 translocation.
Aplastic Anemia Pancytopenia. Low retic count.
Philadelphia chromosome.
Bone biopsy.
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor.
G6PD X-linked enzyme deficiency.
Infection. Fava beans. Bite cells.
CLL Non functioning B cells.
Heinz body Lymphadenopathy. Lymphocytosis
Von Willebrand Most common bleeding disorder. Flow cytometry. Rituximab.
Elevated aPTT. Von willebrand
factory activity. RIPA. Hodgkin Lymphoma Painless cervical
Desmopressin lymphadenopathy. B symptoms.
Reed Sternberg cells. Mediastinal
Hemophilia X-linked recessive disorder.
mass. Excisional node biopsy
Hemarthosis. Normal Platelets.
prolonged aPTT.
Multiple Myeloma Plasma cells. IgG, IgA. Bence Jones
Factor V Leiden Thrombophilia. DVT. PE. No Protein. Rouleax Formation. > 10%
screening. clonal plasma cells
Antiphospholipid Anticardiolipin antibody.
Recurrent pregnancy loss. Sickle cell Vaso occlusion. Hemolytic
Syndrome
Prolonged aPTT. Russel Viper anemia. Cold, Hypoxia, alcohol,
Venom test. DVT infection. Howell Jolly bodies.
Penicillin < 5 years of age.
Heparin Induced 4 > days. Thrombosis. ELISA. Hydroxyurea.
Thrombocytopenia Venous limb gangrene

PHYSCIANASSISTANTBOARDS !13
 PSYCHIATRY



Condition Fact / Association

GAD Excessive/Persistent worrying. 6
months. SSRI. Benzodiazepine

Panic Disorder Episodes of fear. Agoraphobia.

TSH. EKG. SSRI. Benzodiazepine

Phobia Irrational fear. CBT

PTSD > 6 months. Trauma.

Hyperarousal. Reliving event

ADHD Hyperactivity, Inattention,

impulse. > 6 months. < 12 years
old. Present 2 separate areas.

Austim Poor social communication. Poor

eye contact. Male. Repetitive
patterns. Large head
circumference.

Anorexia Low bodyweight. Ego-syntonic.

Psychotherapy.

Bulimia Normal - Overweight. Ego-

dystonic. SSRI. Psychotherapy

Bipolar 1 Mania-hyperarousal, no sleep,

elevated mood. Hospitalization.
> 7 days. Mood stabilizer

Bipolar 2 Hypomania. > 4 days. No

hospitalization.

Depression > 2weeks. SIGECAPS. CBC. TSH.

SSRI. Severe: Hallucinations,
catatonia, Suicidal thoughts

Schizophrenia Psychosis. Hallucinations.

Delusions. Catatonia. > 6 months.
Disorganized thoughts. Atypical
antipsychotics.

OCD Obsessions. Compulsions. Suicidal

thoughts. SSRI. CBT

PHYSCIANASSISTANTBOARDS !14
 DERMATOLOGY
Condition Fact / Association Condition Fact / Association
Atopic Dermatitis Infants: Extensor. Children: Flexor. Scabies Pruritus worse at night. Burrows.
Allergies. Asthma. Antihistamines. Spares head. Permethrin 5%
Steroids
Basal cell Carcinoma UV light. Face. Pearly papule with
Dyshidrosis Fingers. Vesicles. Steroids
telangiectatic vessel.
Lichen Simplex Rubbing/Scratching. Steroids
Squamous Cell Ulcer that fails to heal.
Chronicus
Carcinoma
Lichen Planus Hepatitis C. Purple. Pruritic.
Polygonal. Plaque. Wickham
Melanoma ABCDE. Ugly duckling sign
striae.
Herald Patch. Christmas Tree Cellulitis Staph. Strep. Deep infection.
Pityriasis Rosea
Pattern. Purulence MRSA.

Psoriasis Papules. Silvery plaques. Extensor.

Impetigo Honey crusted plaques. Mupirocin
Scalp. Steroids

Erythema multiforme HSV. Mycoplasma. Meds. Target Acanthosis Nigricans Velvety hyper pigmentation.
like lesions. Self limiting. Insulin Resistance.

SJS < 10% Nikolski sign. Meds. Life

Melasma UV light. Hormone changes.
threatening
Genetics. Sunblock.
TEN > 30% Nikolski sign. Meds Life Hydroquinone.
threatening.

Bullous. > 60. Biopsy. Direct Vitiligo Autoimmune. Melanocyte

Bullous Pemphigoid
immunofluorescence. Steroids. destruction. Depigmentation.
BP180 levels Steroids.

Acne Pilosebaceous glands. PCOS. OCP.

Kaposi Sarcoma HHV8. GI tract. AIDS. Mucous
Retinoids. Benzoyle peroxide.
membranes.
Rosacea Facial flushing. Alcohol. Spicy
foods. Sun. Hot temp. Rhinophyma Erysipelas Strep. Superficial infection. Clear
(men) line of demarcation.

Actinic Keratosis Pre-cancer. Erythematous scaling

Seborrheic Keratosis > 50 Warty. Stuck on Benign
macule.

PHYSCIANASSISTANTBOARDS !15
 INFECTIOUS DISEASE

Condition Fact / Association Condition Fact / Association

Cryptococcus Fungus. Lungs. CNS. HIV.
Papilledema CT scan.
Cryptococcal antigen. India Ink
stain. Amphotericin B. Fluconazole
Histoplasmosis Fungus. Bird and Bat droppings.
Lung. Hilar/Mediastinal
lymphadenopathy. Histoplasma
antigen. Itraconazole.
Pneumocystis AIDS. < 200 CD4. Bilateral
Herpes Zoster
interstitial infiltrates.
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
Rheumatic Fever Strep pharyngitis. 2 weeks post
infection. Jones criteria. Penicillin.
Botulism Descending weakness/paralysis.
Canned food. Raw honey in
infants. Penicillin. Antitoxin
Cholera Profuse rice watery diarrhea
Diptheria Pharyngitis. Gray membrane.
Antitoxin. Penicillin or
erythromycin.
EBV Mononucleosis. Pharyngitis.
Posterior cervical lymph nodes.
Morbilliform rash with
amoxicillin/ampicillin.
Spenomegaly
Painful vesicles that ulcerate.
HSV
Prodrome. PCR, culture, or
serology. Antivirals
Varicella Zoster virus. > 50 year
old women. pain before rash.
Dermatome. Hutchingson sign.
Post herpetic neuralgia. Antivirals.
Measles Cough, coryza, conjunctivitis,
koplik spots
Mumps Parotid gland swelling. Elevated
Amylase
Rubella Forchheimer spots
Erythema Slapped cheek appearance. Parvo
infectiosum virus B19

Tetanus Trismus (lock jaw) Contraction.

Spasms. Dirty wound.
Immunization
TB Mycoplasma. Night sweats.
Productive cough. Hemoptysis.
CXR. Acid fast bacilli smear.
RIPE. Isoniazid + B6
Toxoplasmosis Cat feces. Undercooked meat.
Pregnancy. Cerebral abscess. Rocky Mountain
Multiple ring enhancing lesions.
Lyme Deer tick. Northeastern states.
Erythema migrans. Carditis. AV
block. Bells palsy. Clinical
Diagnosis. Doxycycline,
amoxicillin, cerufoxime.
Roseola High fever, resolves, followed by
rash. Herpes virus 6/7. 6 months
of age.
HIV Attacks CD4 cells.
Asymptomatic.ELISA. Western
blot. Everyone is treated. Two
NRTI and NNRTI
Dog tick. Rash on wrists spreading
spotted fever centrally. Affects palms and soles.
Doxycycline
Syphilis Treponema. Painless genital ulcer.
Rash affecting palms and soles.
Dark field microscopy. RPR. FTA-
ABS. Penicillin

PHYSCIANASSISTANTBOARDS !16