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NOUNS The object personal pronouns are:
Parts of speech "me," "you," "her," "him," "it," "us,"
A noun is any word which names a "you," and "them."
Traditional grammar classifies words person, place, thing, idea, animal,
based on nine parts of speech: quality, or activity. The object case pronoun functions
as a direct or indirect object, or as an
Verb person ‐ Nicholas object of a preposition.
Noun place ‐ countryside I gave her a test.
Pronoun thing ‐ pen I sold it to them.
Articles idea ‐ equality The book is beside him.
Adjective animal ‐ kangaroo Possessive personal pronouns are
Adverb "mine," "yours," "hers," "his," "its,"
quality ‐ weight
"ours," and "theirs."
Preposition activity ‐ supervision
That tennis racquet is mine.
Conjunction Proper nouns are the names of
The pleasure was all hers.
specific things, people, or places,
Interjection
such as Chicoutimi and Christine. A demonstrative pronoun points to
and identifies a noun or a pronoun:
Common nouns are general names
"this" and "these" , "that" and
1. VERBS such as woman, wall and lamp. They
"those".
can be either concrete or abstract.
A verb performs either of three An interrogative pronoun is used to
kinds of tasks: Concrete nouns refer to things
ask questions: "who," "whom,"
which you can sense such as
"which," "what”.
it expresses action; calculator and pantry.
You can use a relative pronoun to
it expresses a state of being; Abstract nouns refer to ideas or
link one phrase or clause to another
qualities such as freedom and truth.
it expresses the relationship phrase or clause: "who," "whom,"
between two things. "that," and "which."
Interrogative Adjectives: The The children climbed the mountain
interrogative adjectives what, without fear.
Positive Comparative Superlative
which, and whose modify nouns and
The spider crawled slowly along the
pronouns to indicate a question big bigger biggest
railing.
about them.
lousy lousier lousiest
Adjectives
pronoun: Which fell?
quiet quieter quietest
8. CONJUNCTIONS
adjective: Which trapeze artist fell?
more quiet most quiet
Conjunctions join words, phrases or
merciful more merciful most merciful
clauses.
6. ADVERBS astounding more astounding most astounding
I ate the pizza and the pasta.
Adverbs modify, limit or qualify
Coordinating conjunctions join
other words. They can modify:
sentence parts of equal grammatical badly worse worst
Adverbs
verbs status. They are:
loudly louder loudest
adjectives and for or yet
but nor so gracefully more gracefully most gracefully 37
other adverbs
Correlative conjunctions join words,
whole sentences phrases, and clauses, as well as
whole sentences.
Many adverbs end in ‐ly.
both ... and
awkwardly happily
sharply tightly cheerfully neither ... nor
loudly swiftly viciously
either ... or
Some adverbs do not end in ‐ly.
not only ... but also
everywhere here
never so Subordinating conjunctions connect
fast much rather clauses of unequal status. A
subordinating conjunction
introduces a subordinate or
dependent clause, which is unable to
stand alone as a complete sentence.