 Deviation from Mendelian F ratio can identify linage

 Caveat: no crossing over occurs across the centromere

o Not responsible for centromere mapping
o But undertand importance of being able to deduce all 4 product of meiosis

A chromosome map
 Key questions:
 How are the genes arranged in the genome?
 Which chromosome are they located on?
 How are gene ordered relative to each other and relative to the centromeres and
telomeres
 Distances: map units, % recombination

 Polytene chromosomes: Mueller looked at this

 Map that's based on frequency of recombination compared to a physical map
 There's no 1:1 relationship b/w physical map and genetic map
 Certain areas of high areas of recombination: hot spots
 Certain regions of lower recombination: cold spots
 Same order of genes on chromosomes but distances are going to vary
 Females on average have higher recombination. This difference is most noticeable at the
centromeres. The telomeres the relative percent recombination will be more similar.

Recombination mapping
 One will always be heterozygous for all 3 loci that we're interested in mapping
 The dominant alleles are all together, in cis, in coupling
 Tester: homozygous for all of the recessive alleles
 The only gametes this can produce is little a,b,c
 8 gametes that can be produced
 Non recombinant classes: abc, ABC
 4 classes of single crossovers: Abc, aBC, Abc, abC
 2 classes of double crossovers: aBc, AbC
 Non recombinant classes should be the highest, single crossovers next highest, and
double crossovers are the least
Trihybrid Crosses
 Drosophila males lack recombination
 The female has to be the heterozygote and the male will be homozygous for the recessive
or mutant alleles bc if we used the male as the recombinant and the female is the tester,
all you will get is parental classes
 Mapping physical markers relative to each other
Trihybrid protocol
 Identify parental, sco, and dco
 If these are linked, the parentals will be in majority

Interference
 Negative interference: hotspot?
 Crossover in one region can interfere with another chiasma
 For a double crossover, the middle flips