Autopilot BT 82B

BT-82B Operating Instruction
BT-82B
Autopilot
Instruction Manual
BETTER MARINE ELECTRIC WORKS
Page 0 of 58
JIAOJIANG TAIZHOU CHINA

Address: 180-2 Yang Guang Road, Jiaojiang district,
Taizhou city, Zhejiang Province, China
Post code: 318000 Tel: 0576 - 88897978
Version: 1011 E-mail: xzc@mail.tzptt.zj.cn Fax: 0576 - 88881109
Page 1 of 58
Contents
Foreword...................................................................................................................... 2
I. General...................................................................................................... 3
II. Construction and functions of BT-82B Autopilot......................................... 7
1. Heading control Subsystem (Master Steering Stand)................................... 7
2. Magnetic Course Sensor SC-32 (optional)................................................ 14
3. Rudder Angle Feedback FB-82P2............................................................ 14
4. Steering box in steering gear room SGC-82................................................ 14
5. Starter for Steering Gear ST-82/STY-82...................................................... 15
6. Auxiliary station AX-8 (optional)................................................................... 15
7. Extention Rudder Alarm Device AL-8E(optional)...................................... 15
III. Technical specification............................................................................ 16
IV. Operational Procedure............................................................................ 18
1. Start-up & turn off...................................................................................... 18
2. NFU(Non-follow-up )steering...................................................................... 19
3. Hand steering............................................................................................ 20
4. Automatic steering...................................................................................... 20
5. Optimization of Automatic Steering Performance...................................... 23
V. Installation instruction................................................................................ 26
VI. Alignment & Testing................................................................................ 28
Appendix A: setup and calibration of Compass repeater ................................... 33
VII. Trouble shooting...................................................................................... 37
VIII. Maintenance............................................................................................ 43
IX. Spare Parts List...................................................................................... 44
X. Storage................................................................................................... 44
XI. Warranty................................................................................................... 44
Appendix................................................................................................................... 45
1. BT-82B Autopilot Steering Stand- Outline & Mounting............................. 45
2. Rudder Feedback – Outline & Connection............................................. 46
3. Steering Box - Outline & Dimension......................................................... 46
4. Starter- Outline & Dimension................................................................... 47
5. Extension Alarm Device & Aux. Steering Box – Outline......................... 48
6. System Wiring Diagram......................................................................... 56
Page 1 of 49
Foreword
This instruction describes how to install, operate, maintain and inspect the autopilot.
Please read the instruction carefully before the operation. In addition, always keep
the instruction available in your pilot house so that you can consult the instruction
any time, it is very important for safe & smooth operation of the equipment.
Though the instruction try to make out all kinds of safety related matters in the
process of installation, operation, maintenance, however, it is impossible to predict
all hidden troubles, in case of special situations, please take appropriate measures
to avoid accident occurrence.
IMPORTANT NOTES TO SAFE OPERATION!
 Do not use automatic steering when in heavy traffic areas or in narrow

waters, in poor visibility or rough sea conditions, such as fog, storm, because
it may cause serious accident under any these circumstance by automatic
steering.
 Trust the equipment, but do not just rely on it. Do not leave the helm
unattended and do not doze off at work.
 Automatic steering works on the course signal from Gyrocompass or

magnetic compass's sensor, therefore it depends on the accuracy of course
detected. When magnetic compass course is the course benchmark, if
magnetic compass interfered by outside magnetic field, there will be distinct
error of the course provided; the vessel may deviate from the setting course
obviously. When in mode of navigational control, it is controlled by the
heading information from GPS satellite navigation system; it depends on the
accuracy of GPS signal. In consideration of the influence of wind, flow, wave,
if we just rely on automatic steering, it may result in collision and stranding.
To avoid the happening of these marine perils, always keep a close eye on
sea state, and verify course and position of vessel at regular intervals.
 When vessel turns as per the setting rate of turn, vessel's rate of turn is
restricted by maximum rudder angle limit in automatic mode, if the allowed
maximum ruder angle is too small, the vessel's rate of turn will not reach the
setting rate of turn.
Page 2 of 49
I. General
There are a lot of benefits for vessels equipped with autopilot: lower fuel
consummation, lower labor intensity and longer service life of steering gears etc.
Usually, automatic steering is accomplished by the course signals provided by
Gyrocompass, so vessels of middle and small size without Gyrocompass can not
realize automatic steering.
BT-82B (Double NFU + FU + automatic steering) is one economical autopilot with
high performance but competitive price. It is based on the experiences of BMEW in
the past years. Moreover, it meets the technical requirements of Rules for Building
and Classing Steel Vessels (version 2009) of CCS.
Both gyrocompass and magnetic sensor on magnetic compass (it’s optional) can
provide serial course signals to BT-82B autopilot. When Gyrocompass can not start
or it is in the setting period after starting, automatic steering could perform by
magnetic course signal from magnetic compass.
BT-82B autopilot can receive serial signals from GPS in APB sentence format (which
accords with NEMA0183 or IEC621162-1 requirements) to realize automatic track
control steering.
BT-82B autopilot adopts variable gain PID rudder control, and with wide range of
parameter adjustment, so it performs well under different weather on different
vessels.
BT-82B autopilot applies solid electric circuit in its inner part, so it has a reliable
performance, compact construction, and is easy to operate and maintain. It
is suitable to all size of vessels, such as: passenger vessels, cargo, tanker,
fishing boat, working vessel, patrol craft, traffic boat and so on. And it has
the following features：
FEATURES:
○ Stable heading
It adopts variable gain PID ruder controller, therefore, both rudder angle and vessel’s
heading are always under the control, so that quite stable heading will be
maintained.
○ Control of maximum rudder angle & maximum rate of turn in
automatic steering
It can control and restrict the maximum rudder angle as well as the maximum rate of
turn, avoiding vessel's over-incline, ensure the safety of the vessel.
○ Distinctive anti-overshoot adjustment
It has the function of adjustable anti-overshoot, which could eliminate oscillation of
hydraulic system effectively.
○ Multi-Interfaces
It can connect flexibly with relevant equipment via analog interfaces and
digital serial ports, e.g., Gyrocompass, magnetic compass, satellite navigator,
ECDIS, VDR, and so on.
○ Various alarm devices
It can generate alarms on power loss, open phase, overload, low liquid level,
filter block, high temperature of hydraulic oil, lock of hydraulic system, low oil
pressure, off-course, compass error, power loss of steering stand. It also has
functions of alarm test and mute.
Page 3 of 57
BT-82B autopilot belongs to BT-8 series pilot; code rule for BT-8 series pilot is as
follows,
Page 4 of 49
Configuration for BT-8 Series Pilot

Table below shows the configuration of BT-8 series pilot. (● means factory configuration)
Manual
Follow- Follow- Autopil Autopilo
Steering
Type up Pilot up Pilot ot BT- t BT-
system
BT-811 BT-812 82A 82B
BT-800
Automatic steering controller AP-82A ●
Automatic steering controller AP-82B ●
FU steering controller FP-81 ● ●
FU steering wheel HD-82 (incl. ● ●

rudder indicator)
FU steering wheel HD-32 (no rudder ● ●
indicator)
Non-follow-up controller NFC-80 ●
Rudder angle indicator (meter type) ● ● ●

45C9
Steering Stand
NFU steering lever SAE ● ● ● ● ●
NFU steering wheel NF-80 ●
System selector SAS ● ●
Pump selector SAP ● ● ● ● ●
Steering mode selector SAM ● ● ● ● ●
Steering alarm Indicator AL-82 ● ● ● Note 1 ●
Electric mounting board unit ● ● ● ● ●
Compass repeater 38-V optional ● ●
Magnetic Course Sensor SC-32 optional optional
Shell of steering stand optiona optional optional optional optional

l
FB-82P1 ●
Rudder Feedback
FB-82P2 ● ●
FB-82P3 ● ●
Steering Box in steering gear room SGC-82 ● ● ● ●
ST - 82 ● ● ● ● ●
Page 5 of 49
STY - 82 optiona optional optional optional optional

Star
ter l
Extension Alarm devices AL-8E optiona optional optional optional optional

l
Auxiliary station AX-8 optional optional optional optional
Note 1： Alarming function is self-contained for AP-82A automatic steering controller.
Page 6 of 49
Layout
Figure below shows the Layout of the equipment on the vessel.
Page 7 of 49
II. Construction and functions of BT-82B Autopilot
1. Heading control Subsystem

(Master Steering Stand)
Heading control subsystem is the
backbone of the equipment. It
executes function of receiving,
calculating, amplifying,
transmitting, indicating and order-
issuing of steering control signals.
Usually, except rudder feedback,
they are integrated in the
centralized control consol in the
bridge or independent master
steering stand.
For BT-82B, heading controller of

heading control subsystem and
other operational units are located
on the control panel of master
steering stand, which is on the top
of the stand and is inclined with an
angle of 35° relative to horizontal
level, see Fig 1. From top to bottom
and from left to right, they are Compass repeater and its dimmer, Alarm indication,
automatic steering controller, 1－Power/pump selector
steering system selector, NFU 2－Alarm indication
steering lever, pump selector, FU 3－Hand steering wheel
4－Rudder indicator
wheel, and steering mode selector.
5－Dimmer for rudder indicator
6－Steering mode selector
1.1 Compass Repeater 38-V 7－NFU (Non-follow-up) steering lever
It is to indicate the heading of the 8－Master steering controller
vessel. This value may come from 9－Adjustment button for course repeater
gyrocompass or magnetic 10－Compass repeater
compass. Compass repeater can Fig 1- Layout of Master Steering Stand
receive HDT data in the format of
standard NEMA0183 & IEC6 1162-
1 via interface RS485, and repeat
the present heading at steering stand with two modes of "analogue" and "digital".
Two buttons located nearby on the right bottom of the repeater are adjusting buttons
with two functions ：
First function: illumination adjustment
It is a frequently used function; press the right button to increase the brightness o f
the repeater and press the left button to reduce the brightness of the repeater.
Second function: synchronization/match up the heading indication of repeater
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In case the two indications are out-of-step, that dial indication is not consistent with
digital indication, press the both buttons simultaneously to resume the
synchronization between the two indications.
1.2 Steering controller AP-82B

Steering controller in the center of the stand panel is the core equipment to perform
all functions.
The operational panel of the steering controller is divided into four sections:
Sction A - Automatic Steering Parameter Adjustment.
Sction B - Digital Display for Heading/Rate of Turn & Setting Course/ Setting Rate
of Turn.
Sction C - Operating Status Indicator and Steering Mode Select.
Sction D - Alarm Indication.
Fig. 2: Layout of control panel
A.
Automatic steering parameter setting
There are four parameter adjusting knobs. Two
steering system running indicators are at the right
corner to indicating the running system. (It’s only
applicable for the pilot with double FU steering system,
System 1 is default setting if system selector is not
connected.)
There are four adjusting knobs:
WEATHER (Sensitivity) adjustment
To set the minimum deviation angle allowed. If
off course angle is bigger than the value, autopilot will send out rudder order
immediately.
RUDDER adjustment
To set the rudder angle moved for one degree of heading deviation, that is the
ratio between rudder angle moved and heading deviation angle. If the setting is
too large, that the vessel may yaw, and if the setting is too little, that the vessel
could not return to the setting course quickly. The range is 0. 8~4, usually, it's
about 1.5.
RATE adjustment
That is differential adjustment, to adjust the dynamic stability of the vessel.
Appropriate adjustment could improve the heading’s stability on a straight
course, and during changing heading in auto-steering enable make the vessel
into new course quickly and smoothly without over-shoot or sluggish response.
LIMIT adjustment
The value determines the maximum rudder movement allowed in degrees, it is
very important for tankers and container ships, for which incline with large rudder
angle is not allowed in order to avoid vessel's over -incline. The range is 5 ~ 30°
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and the function is only effective in automatic steering mode.
Hand steering system running indicator SYS1 and SYS2: the lit one means the
system is running. System will be put in use by system selector. (It’s only applicable
for pilot with double FU systems)
B.
Rudder moving indication, Digital display of Heading/ROT & Course/ROT
Setting
Rudder moving indication is in the
center of controller panel, it’s a pair of
triangle lamps marked with symbol
"PORT" and "STBD".
Rudder moving indication: If the left
triangle lamp is lit, indicating the “port”
rudder order is sent out by autopilot,
the rudder must moving to port. And
the right triangle one is lit indicating the
starboard rudder order is sent out by
autopilot, the rudder should move to
starboard.
Rudder limit indication: Two strip
indication lamps by the triangle
indicators are for rudder limit. When
the left lamp is lit, it means that rudder
is reached to port limit, and the right
lamp is lit, it means that rudder is
reached to starboard limit.
Below rudder moving indication there are "Heading/ROT (Rate of Turn )" indicator,
"Setting Course/ Turn Rate " indicator, "COURSE/ROT set" setter, and "CRS set"
and "ROT set" select button (see right figure).
“Heading/ROT" indication is a 4-digit display, to indicate present heading
(resolution: 0.1 degree) provided by gyrocompass or magnetic compass according to
the selected signal source, or to indicate present turn of rate (resolution: 0.1°per
min.). Detailed information refers to the next section.
"Setting course/ROT" indication is a 3-digit display to indicate the setting course,
which is set by officer, with a resolution of 1° or setting rate of turn by 1° per minute.
However the two displays indicate the heading or rate of turn, it is selected by the
button on right-hand of the "COURSE/ROT set" setter, and LED lamps on right side
of the display will be lit accordingly. Press the "CRS set" button, the "CRS set" LED
lamps will light up at the same time and two displays will indicate the present
heading and present setting course respectively. If press the "ROT set" button, the
"ROT set" LED lamps will light up at the same time and two displays indicate
Page 10 of 49
vessel's present rate of turn and the setting rate of turn set by officer.
"COURSE/ROT SETTING" setter is a pulse coder, to set the vessel's setting course
(order course) or setting rate of turn. In automatic steering, autopilot will control the
vessel's heading automatically to keep the vessel on the setting course, or turn the
vessel with this rate of turn as maximum rate allowed for vessel.
To change the setting course, press the "CRS set" button, then two displays indicate
present heading and setting course respectively, and reading on "Setting
Course/Turn Rate" display will flash, then turn “COURSE/ROT Setting” knob to
change the setting course reading. To put the new setting into effect, press “CRS set”
button again, the new setting course is confirmed at the moment and Setting Course
display stops flashing. Otherwise, new setting without confirmation is ineffective;
Setting Course display will resume the previous reading and stop flashing after 3
seconds later.
To change vessel’s maximum rate of turn, press the “ROT set” button, after set new
setting of ROT, it must re-press the “ROT set” button for confirmation of the new
setting, the method is same with Course setting.
Clockwise turn the “COURSE/ROT SETTING” setter, the setting value increases,
otherwise, counter clockwise turning the setter and the setting value will decrease.
Turn the setter a circle, 24 impulses is sent out, course setting change 24 °or rate of
turn setting change 24°per minute.
C.
Operational status indicator & mode selection in automatic steering mode
There are steering mode indicators and spare steering mode selector, steering
course signal selector, automatic steering mode selector, off-course alarm indication
lamp and compass malfunction indicator (the course input signal from both magnetic
compass and gyrocompass must be available).
Steering mode indicator: There are four green

indication lamps of operation mode to show the
steering mode, AUTO (automatic steering mode),
HAND (hand steering mode), NFU (Non-follow-up
steering mode), AUX (auxiliary station steering
mode) respectively, the lit one means that the
steering mode is effective.
In automatic steering mode, there are two modes:
HEADING control mode and TRACK control mode.
Press "COURSE" button or "TRACK" button to select
automatic steering mode.
Notes:
Heading control Mode: it keeps the vessel on
the planned course by automatically sending
Page 11 of 49
rudder order according to course provided by compass and the planned course
set by officer.
TRACK Control Mode: officer set the planned course on satellite navigational
devices or chart plotter, satellite navigational devices send out new course order
accordingly, autopilot receives this course order and the course provided by
compass to perform steering automatically, keep the vessel on the planned
course.
When changing to automatic mode from other steering mode, default
setting is "COURSE" control mode with vessel's present heading as
planned course.
There is a green indication lamp on “COURSE” button. During automatic steering
mode, if press “COURSE” button, the lamp will light up, it means that setting course
by course setter is the planned course of automatic steering.
There are two indication lamps on “TRACK” button, once the autopilot receive the
signal from satellite navigator or chart plotter, the right yellow indication lamp lights
up, it means that this mode is available. If the signal from satellite navigator or chart
plotter can not be received, the yellow indicator will not light up, the mode is
unavailable.
During automatic steering mode, press “TRACK” button, till the left green indication
lamp is lit up, it means that course signal from satellite navigator or chart plotter is
the setting course of automatic steering.
There are two buttons for course signal source selection: MAGN (magnetic
compass) and GYRO (Gyrocompass). There is one yellow indication lamp and one
green indication lamp on each button respectively, yellow indicator means that this
course signal is available for steering controller in automatic mode. If the autopilot
receives from both signal sources at the same time, the default setting is
gyrocompass when start-up, its green indicator lights up, course of gyrocompass
shows on the heading display. To select magnetic compass as course signal source,
press the “MAGN” button till its green indication lamp is lit up while the green
indicator for “GYRO” (gyrocompass) is went out, it means that magnetic compass is
the course signal source in automatic mode, at the same time, present heading from
magnetic compass is shown on the course display. If you want to change the course
signal course return to gyrocompass, same method to press “GYRO” button to return
the course signal source to gyrocompass.
Caution: to ensure the safety, do not change course signal source in

automatic steering mode. If changing the course signal source in
automatic mode, vessel may turn suddenly due to the difference
between two course signals.
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1.3 Steering Alarm Indicator AL-82

Alarm indication is on the left of the
automatic steering controller, there are
running indicators of No.1 Pump and No.2
pump, malfunction alarm indicators. Next
There are two operating position indicators
and steering mode indicators. moreover
alarm MUTE and TEST buttons at bottom.
serial digital signal to extension alarm
device and VDR are sent out from it.
There are three groups, totally 24 pieces

alarm indication lamps. The upper two
groups monitor the operation of No.1 and
No.2 systems (power supply and hydraulic
system), total is 10 items in each group.
RUN1 and RUN 2 indicators are on the left

top of each group, the lit one means the
pump is running.
Each group has one green indication lamp

and nine red indication lamps to monitor
the status of No.1 pump and No.2 pump.
The text marked denote following meaning:
RUN – the pump is running.
POWER – power for hydraulic system is lost.
PHASE – one phase of hydraulic system power is lost.
LOAD – motor of hydraulic system is over-loaded
CONTROL – the selected 380V main power is lost.
LEVEL – level of hydraulic tank is too low
FILTER – Oil filter of hydraulic system is blocked
TEMP – Temperature of hydraulic oil is higher than setting value.
PRESS – Oil pressure is lower than setting value.
HYLOCK – steering gear doesn’t work because of hydraulic system failure.
The third group indication lamp is with following meaning.
AUTOFAIL – malfunction of internal circuit of automatic control unit, hand
steering and automatic steering are failure.
DC 24V – if the green lamp lights up, it means 24V DC power is supplied
normally.
Below the third group, there are two lamps shown operational position. It means that
the steering control is in bridge when green “BRIDEGE” indication lamp lights up,
while yellow “STERN” indication lamp means it is controlled in steering gear room. It
depends on operational position of select switch.
Page 13 of 49
There are three buttons at the bottom: “DIM”, “TEST” and “MUTE”
DIM button at the left side, to adjust illumination of the alarm display
MUTE button at center, to acknowledge and silence the alarm,
TEST button to test alarm system, press the button, all alarm indication lamps will
light on with audible alarm, check whether the alarm system is in good condition.
In case of alarm occurrence, the indication lamp will flash with audible alarm sound
of “du- du-”. Press MUTE button to silence the alarm, and the lamp changes from
flashing to steady lighting. In addition, “Mute” the former alarm do not affect the
function of re-alarming with audible sound for another alarm. If the trouble is cleared,
the alarm lamp will went out automatically.
1.4 NFU Steering lever SAE

NFU steering lever is on the bottom right-hand corner of the steering stand panel, it
is a self-reset switch to perform NFU steering. NFU switch has a character of
"OVERRIDE" – wherever the any mode is selected by steering mode selector, so
long as NFU is in operation, rudder will execute its order at once, other orders
become invalid. However, as soon as NFU steering switch return to the center
position, it is so steered again as the mode indicating on steering mode selector.
1.5 Pump Selector SAP

Pump selector is in the bottom left-hand corner of the steering stand panel
Counter clockwise turn pump selector to put through port hydraulic system and No.1
system is started. Clockwise turn pump selector to put through starboard hydraulic
system and No.2 system is started. Turn it either counter clockwise or clockwise to
the position of “1+2* or “2+1”, two sets of pumps are running at the same time.
1.6 FU wheel HD-32

It’s in the bottom center of the steering stand. FU wheel is geared with potentiometer
of rudder order sensor directly. Rudder order indicator for Hand steering is in the
front of wheel, it indicates the rudder order of hand steering given from wheel.
1.7 Rudder angle indicator 45-C9

Type 45C9 rudder angle indicator RA consists of magnetic-electric meter, there is a
dimmer on the right side of the RA to adjust its illumination of the indicator.
1.8 Steering mode selector SAM

There are five selections with following meanings,
Auto – steering controller operating in automatically steering mode; in this mode
there are two choices: Heading control mode and TRACK control mode, details refer
to section 1.2.C.
Hand – steering controller operating in follow up steering mode; in this mode,
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operator operates steering wheel sending out rudder movement order, rudder will
follow up the order and arrive at destination position automatically.
NFU (Non-Follow-Up) –steering controller operating in non-follow up steering mode;
in this mode, operator operate NFU steering lever to “move” or “stop” the rudder.
Auxiliary station –in this mode, operator operate optional steering controller, usually
it is a simple steering devices mounted at the both wings of bridge.
OFF – it means that the D.C power supply is switched off.
2. Magnetic Course Sensor SC-32 (optional)

It’s to detect magnetic course of magnetic compass.
Usually, it’s in the top center of compass bowl of magnetic compass, as it’s small
size, it do not affect looking readings on the card of magnetic compass.
3. Rudder Angle Feedback FB-82P2

Rudder feedback is used to detect the actual position of rudder. It applies two high
precision potentiometers to detect rudder angle for servo system, and to provide
rudder position signal for rudder indication and “hydraulic block” alarm.
The connecting rods, rocker arm of rudder feedback and helm-stock construct a
parallelogram to actualize synchronous transmission. The length of rocker arm is
adjustable, so it is easy for installation & adjustment.
4. Steering box in steering gear room SGC-82

Steering box is mounted in the steering gear room and there are No.1 pump
indication lamp, No.2 pump indication lamp, indicator "control in bridge", indicator
"control in stern", operational position selector and NFU steering switch in the
steering box.
Operational position selector is used to change the operation place.
When it’s on the “control in bridge” position, then rudder order is sent out from
steering stand but operation in steering gear room is invalid. When it's on “control in
stern” position, operation in bridge is ineffective, and it is steered only by operating
NFU steering switch of steering box in steering gear room.
Steering box is powered by two 380V AC from No.1 and No.2 pump starter
respectively. There are two sets of power conversion circuits to transform the power
from 380V AC into 24V DC and supply to solenoids of No.1 and No.2 hydraulic
systems respectively.
5. Starter for Steering Gear ST-82/STY-82

There are two starters to control the start-up and turn-off No. 1 and No.2 hydraulic
system respectively. Steering gears of different power should supply with different
Page 15 of 49
power starter box, which should be specified in order. The starting mode that is direct
starting or star-delta starting should be specified as well.
Port and starboard starters are supplied by three-phase power from main
switchboard and emergency switchboard along with port and starboard respectively.
Each starter has a three position switch, the three positions are remote control
(control in bridge), turn-off, starting, when all they are on the "remote" position,
operator could start up or turn off any one hydraulic system in bridge. If the switch of
one starter is on the position of "starting" or "stop", then the corresponding hydraulic
system can be started and turned off in steering gear room, therefore, steering can
be performed by operating steering box in steering gear room. (For details, see the
above section of steering box).
When starting and turn off the hydraulic system in bridge, all above-mentioned
switches should be on "Remote” (control in bridge) position.
In addition, there are monitoring functions with detecting and transmitting alarm
signals for hydraulic system. In case of malfunction in hydraulic system, it will send
out visual and audible alarm at once. That is seven monitoring items: loss of power
for hydraulic system, phase loss of power supply, overload of pump motor, over-high
pressure of oil filter, over-low liquid level in oil tank, over-high oil temperature and
over-low oil pressure. In addition, there are “test” button to test alarm system and
“mute” button to silence the alarm. “Mute” the former alarm do not affect function of
another alarming with audible sound again.
6. Auxiliary station AX-8 (optional)

Usually, it means the steering devices on both wings of bridge. A simple steering box
is the simplest auxiliary station. When mode selector is on "AUX." position, and
“Aux.” indication lamp lights up, it means that steering in bridge wings is available,
and steering is controlled by directly operating the switch on any one auxiliary
station. However, the two auxiliary stations are interlocked each other, that is, if
operation in two auxiliary stations simultaneously, both controls are invalid.
7. Extention Rudder Alarm Device AL-8E(optional)

Extension alarm device can be mounted at a place where need alarm signal display
(e.g. rudder monitoring stand). It receives signals from steering system by serial
transmission interface.
Page 16 of 49
III. Technical specification
Working temperature: -10 ～ +55℃

Power supply:
Main power 380/440V ~50/60Hz 250 VA
power for alarm (back-up) 24VDC 100W
Heading Repeat Type: Analog display: dial: 0 ～ 360°, in degree
Digital display: 4-digit, (000.0~359.9)
Heading indicating error Not more than 0.5°
Steering mode: AUTO, HAND, NFU, AUX
AUTO steering:
Course order error Not more than 0.5°
Heading error in auto steering Mean value: not more than 1°,
Maximum value less than 1. 5° (calm sea)
HAND steering:
Follow-up sensitivity Not lower then 1°
Follow up error Not more than 1°
Rudder indicator range: ±35°, in degree
Rudder indication error Not more than 1°
Controlled object for steering solenoids (24V ＝ 2 A ）
output
Digital interface: RS 232、 RS422
Sentence format In accord with Regulation IEC61162-1, MNEA0183
Applicable sentence:
APB – B（ Heading/Track controller (autopilot) sentence B ）
$--APB , A , A , x.x , a , N , A , A , x.x , a , c—c , x.x , a , x.x , a , a *hh <CR><LF>
HDT (Heading true)
$--HDT, x.x , T * hh <CR><LF> or
RSA （ Rudder sensor angle ）
$--RSA, x.x, a, x.x, a *hh <CR><LF>
Page 17 of 49
$APRSA – Special sentence for Rudder Angle (user-defined); $APRSA is output sentence by
BT-8 pilot furnished early:
$APRSA – Special sentence for Rudder Sensor Angle that is user-defined by BT-8 pilot:
1 2
$APRSA, A xx,x, * hh <CR><LF>
1: L - port; R – starboard.
2: rudder angle value in degree
$APASD –Special sentence for operating status of autopilot that is user-defined by BT-8
pilot:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7(1, 2…… ,24)
$APASD,XXX,XX, AXX,A,X,XXX,A,A,A,A,A,A,A,-------------A,A,*hh<CR><LF>
1 Set course: 000~359 in degree

.
2 Set Rate of Turn: In degree per minute
.
3 Rudder Order: A: L-port, R- starboard
.
XX: two digital in degree
4 Rudder direction L: port rudder
.
R: starboard rudder
5 Pump in operation
.
1: No.1 pump is in operation
2: No.2 pump is in operation
3: both No. 1and No.2 pumps are in operation
6 Control status: ABC (3-digit) defined below:
.
A: 1 – heading controlled 2 – track controlled
B: 1 – controlled in bridge 2 – controlled in rudder gear room
C: 1 – NFU steering 2 – HAND steering 3 – AUTO steering
7 Alarm information: Totally 24 item, (A - normal operation, V - alarm)
.
1. overload in No.1 system 1 low level in No.2
3.
2. phase break in No.1 system 1 filter block in No.2
4.
3. power lost in No.1 system 1 high oil temperature in No.2
5.
4. low level in No.1 system 1 low oil pressure in No.2
6.
5. filter block in No.1 system 1 no definition
7.
6. high oil temp. in No.1 system 1 hydraulic system block in No.2
Page 18 of 49
8.
7. low oil pressure No.1 system 1 No.1 main power for steering stand is lost
9.
8. no definition 2 No.2 main power for steering stand is lost
0.
9. No.1 hydraulic system lock 2 No definition
1.
10. overload in No.2 system 2 Off-course alarm
2.
11. phase break in No.2 system 2 Compass malfunction
3.
12. power loss in No.2 system 2 AUTO mode failure
4. (power failure of auto steering control
unit)
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IV. Operational Procedure
1. Start-up & turn off the pilot

Start-up the pilot
Preparation: close the switch on the main switchboard and emergency switchboard
to put through power supply to hydraulic system of autopilot.
Put the steering mode selector to "NFU" position.
Put the "Pump" selector to position for the selected pump. Then the No.1 or No.2
hydraulic system is put through and started up, and then the autopilot puts into
operation at once. After that, put the switch on charging & discharging panel or sub-
distribution box for 24VDC alarm power supply to "ON" position as well.
Before vessel’s sailing, check the No.1 system and No.2 system in every operational
mode one by one, be sure that both systems and all steering modes are in good
conditions.
At last, put the steering mode on "Hand" position, and put rudder on midship, waiting
for sailing.
Turn off the pilot

Preparation: turn to “NFU” steering mode, and set the rudder on midship.
Put the "PUMP Select" knob on "OFF" position, the steering system and hydraulic
system will stop operation immediately. Then, put the mode select switch to "OFF"
position, and switch off power for steering system on the main switchboard and
emergency switchboard. At last, put the switch on charging & discharging panel or
section box for 24VDC alarm power supply to “OFF” position.
Course Match after starting

After starting, the Compass repeater will match the course automatically, follow and
indicate the course of gyrocompass or magnetic compass that depends on the pre-
setting and can be changed after start-up, and with a 4-digit LED display the course.
If the input of gyrocompass is analog signal from synch or step-by-step, that
first must make sure the course signal of AD-32 analogue/digital converter is
match up with the output of Gyrocompass.
The "Heading" & "Setting Course" display (4-digit LED light) on control panel shows
the compass course too, default setting is the course of gyrocompass, and green
indication lamp on "GYRO" button lights up.
To change the course benchmark to magnetic compass, press the "MAGN" button,
along with a whistle of buzzer, green indicator on "MAGN" button lights up while the
indicator on "GYRO" is went out. Heading display shows the course of magnetic
compass.
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2. NFU (Non-follow-up) steering

NFU steering in bridge
NFU steering mode is a kind of emergency & backup mode that is seldom used. But
it is necessary to check it regularly to make sure its normal operation in case of
emergency.
So long as the operation is in bridge, mode can be used at any time no matter what
mode it is selected, because NFU steering has a “OVERRIDE” character.
Turn "NFU” lever to “port” or “starboard”, rudder will move to the selected direction.
Rudder stops till releasing the lever, and the lever will turn back to original position
automatically. Otherwise, it may be to hard-over position.
a. Release the lever when rudder reaches expectation position and lever turn back
to center position automatically then rudder stops. For some systems, rudder
may continue moving for some distance after the lever is releasing & returning,
that is called overshoot, so release the lever in advance or turns it oppositely
according to actual situations; make the rudder paddle on the expected position.
b. Although "NFU" lever can be used no matter what mode is selected, it will
resume to the selected mode as soon as lever is releasing and returning. In the
case if you want in “NFU" steering, must turn mode selector to “NFU” position.
Steering in auxiliary station located the wings of bridge （ optional ）

If there are simple steering boxes on both wings of bridge, NFU steering can be
performed in both wings of bridge.
Put the steering mode selector is on “AUX.” position, and lamps on simple steering
boxes will light up at the time, it means that steering in two simple steering boxes is
available. When operating on one steering box, its indication lamp lights up, then the
lamp in the other box will automatically go out and retreat from control since the two
steering boxes are interlocked each other.
If operating at both sides simultaneously, then both controls are invalid, pay attention
to avoid its occurrence.
Steering in steering gear room

Whether bridge steering stand is in operating or not, steering in steering gear room
can be performed according to the following procedures.
Start up one set of hydraulic system, turn the position selector on the Steering box in
steering gear room to "control in stern" position, then steering can be performed by
steering switch on steering box.
If steering stand is in operating and "control in stern" indication lamp on steering box
lights up, then operating in bridge is ineffective. When the position selector turns
back to "Control in bridge", rudder is under control of steering stand in bridge, while
operation in steering gear room is ineffective.
When operating in steering gear room, the hydraulic system can be started from
bridge, as well as steering gear room by manual, – so long as put the selector of
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starter on "ON" or "OFF" position, the hydraulic system will be started or turned off.
When turn back to control in bridge, put the selector on starter to “remote” position,
and position selector on steering box to " control in bridge " position, to ensure the
full control of steering system in bridge.
3. Hand steering
Hand steering is an often-used steering mode, especially when entering and leaving
harbor or sailing in narrow water.
To perform hand steering according to the following procedures:
a. Turn the steering wheel, and make the pointer of rudder indicator point at
present rudder angle.
b. Turn the mode selector to “hand steering” position, the "hand" indication lamp
lights up then the system is operated in hand steering mode.
c. Turn the wheel to left or right sending out the order moving to port or starboard,
the value is determined by the turning angle of the wheel, which is indicating by
the pointer of rudder indicator. The rudder will automatically follow up and reach
the order.
4. Automatic steering
Automatic steering is a mode often used during long voyage. To ensure the safety,
watch the sea carefully when automatic steering.
Caution: Do not use automatic steering mode in narrow water
and when entering and leaving harbor.
To actualize automatic steering according to the following procedures:
a. Make sure that all parameter adjustments for automatic steering are on
normal positions:
WEATHER -- 0.5 or 1 in calm sea; 2 or 3 in bad sea

RUDDER -- Usually it's about 1.5, it depends on rudder effect, reduce it if
the rudder effect is too big and increase it if effect is bad.
RATE -- It is determined by vessel’s load: 1~2 for light loaded, 3~4 for
half load and 5~6 for fully load.
LIMIT -- It is determined by vessel’s type and operators' experiences.
Usually, 10°for container, 15°for bulk cargo and tanker.
b. Operate and make vessel’s actual course agree with expectation course.
Confirm that the selected course benchmark source for automatic steering is
effective; both the green and yellow indication lamps of the selected course
source are lit up.
c. Turn the mode selector to “AUTO” position, and “AUTO” indication lamp is lit
up. Then, the heading at the moment will be the setting course automatically and
keeps the vessel on the present heading.
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Auto steering control mode when changeover to AUTO steering

Heading control mode is the default setting after changeover to automatic steering,
at this time, the green indication lamp of “COURSE” is lit, while green indication lamp
of “TRACK” is dead.
Changeover control mode in automatic steering

Form “COURSE” control mode to “TRACK” control mode
Attention: satellite navigational signal input is necessary for TRACK control mode,
that is, “TRACK” is only available till its yellow indication lamp lights up.
Press the “TRACK” button, till the green indication lamp of “TRACK” button lights up
while green lamp of “COURSE” button is went out.
Course signal from satellite navigator is the setting course of automatic steering. – It
is based on the setting course set by officer on satellite navigational devices in
advance.
Notes:
1. Waypoints should be set on satellite navigational devices before
performing "TRACK" control mode in automatic steering.
2. In “TRACK” mode, COURSE/ROT SETTING setter on steering
controller can not be set by manual.
3. When there is input from GPS waypoints information, yellow indication
lamp of “TRACK” button will flash, if the new setting course can not be
received, autopilot will keep straight course on the setting course
received in the last time.
From “TRACK” control mode to “COURSE” control mode

Press “COURSE” button, till the green indication lamp of “COURSE” button lights up,
while green indicator of “TRACK” is went out. The present heading of the moment
will be the setting course for automatic steering.
How to change vessel’s heading in Heading control mode of automatic

steering
First, press “CRSset” button to activate the function of course setting, "HEAD"
indicator and "COURSE" indicator light up at the same time, two displays show the
present heading and former setting (flashing) respectively.
Clockwise or counter clockwise turn "COURSE/ROT SETTING" setter to increase or
decrease the setting, if reaching expectation value, then press the "CRSset" button
again, new setting course stops flashing, and it is confirmed. Autopilot will send out
rudder order corresponding to this new setting immediately, control the vessel on the
new setting course.
Notes:
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1. Confirmation (re-pressing the "CRSset" button) is necessary to put the new

setting into effect. Otherwise, display stops flashing 3 seconds later and turn
back to the former setting by itself.
2. If the difference between setting course and present course greater than 10°,
"Off-COURSE" alarm lights up and the buzzer whistles. If the difference less
than 10°, "Off-COURSE" alarm indicator goes out.
Rate of Turn Control in Automatic mode

In automatic steering, whether "COURSE" control mode or "TRACK" control mode,
besides maximum rudder movement limit (LIMIT setting), control the maximum rate
of turn could avoid the vessel's overturning also. With two safeguards, use a greater
LIMIT value to speed up the turning, while restricting the maximum rate of turn to
avoid vessel's overturning to improve vessel's dynamic behavior.
Setting of Maximum Rate of Turn:
Press "ROTset" button, two "ROT" indicators light up at the same time, two displays
show the present rate of turn and setting turn rate (flashing) respectively.
Clockwise or counter clockwise turn "COURSE/ROT SETTING" setter to increase or
decrease the value, press the "ROTset" button again, "Setting Course/TurnRate"
display stops flashing, the new setting is confirmed. The autopilot sends out rudder
order to control the vessel's turning according to the two settings: maximum rudder
angle and maximum rate of turn. Displays will show the actual turn of rate and
maximum turn of rate until pressing the "Course" button.
Optimum setting of rudder angle limit and rate of turn is determined according to the
actual situation of the vessel as well as captain's opinion. The default setting of
maximum rate of turn is 99° per minute when delivery by manufacturer.
Further explanation on "TRACK" control mode of automatic steering

If autopilot is connected with satellite navigational devices, such as GPS satellite
navigator or GPS chart plotter, and it can output APB sentence in accordance with
NMEA-0183, operates according to the following steps,
A.
Set at least one goal on satellite navigation devices (e.g. GPS) according to the
instruction of the device.
B.
Check whether the yellow indicator on "TRACK" is flashing after connecting with
navigational devices, if the indication lamp does not light up, it means that no
satellite navigational information received, check the connection between the
autopilot and navigational devices.
C.
Put the "mode selector" to "AUTO" position, press "TRACK" button, and the
green indication lamp of "TRACK" is lit up.
D.
When goal data from navigational devices is received, the bearing to waypoint
Page 24 of 49
shows on the "Setting course/Turn Rate" display. At this moment,

The green indicator of "TRACK" lights up and yellow indicator flashes.
"AUTO" indicator lights up at the same time.
Setting of two or more goals
When there are two or more goal settings in the navigational devices, the autopilot
will receive these goal signals in turn, and go forward to the setting goal in turn.
When the vessels arrived on one goal then start towards the next goal, if there is a
large course change, the vessel may drift to the outside.
Handling of arriving at the last goal
When arriving at the last setting goal, vessel may keep turning around the goal. The
turning direction depends on the vessel's position of the time. Operator should
handle it according to the actual situation when approaching the goal.
How to dodge other vessels or obstructions
It is no need to switch over the steering mode in case that there is other vessel or
obstructions, operating NFU steering lever to avoid them. Release the lever after
departing from other vessel or obstructions, system will resume to the TRACK mode
automatically.
No navigational signal in TRACK control mode
If no navigational signal received 15 second after the initial setting of TRACK mode,
there is receiving error and a long whistle of buzzer. If the buzzer continues whistling,
switch to the other steering mode for a moment, and turn back to TRACK steering
mode again later, if buzzer stops whistling, it means system are normal in TRACK
mode.
Navigational signal transmission breaks during voyage
If the satellite navigational device stops transmitting navigational signal during the
voyage, or there is malfunction of navigational controller input, vessel will keep
straight course with the destination bearing received in the last time automatically.
5. Optimization of Automatic Steering Performance

After implementing automatic steering, observation is still necessary whether the
vessel could keep to the order course satisfactorily. Adjusting the parameters
appropriately could optimize its performance, to make it in the best condition.
Adjustment is as follows:
WEATHER Adjustment
WEATHER setting determines the allowed amount of yaw in degree, i.e. the vessel
may deviate from the setting course before any response from the rudder is given.
The larger value setting, the larger deviation range is but less rudder movement. The
lower setting, the smaller deviation range is allowed with higher accuracy to keep the
course, but the rudder movement is more frequent.
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WEATHER is set at "1" around for calm sea state. WEATHER setting should be
increased with rough sea state, and the best setting may be determined as per the
vessel's natural off-course states.
Determination of vessel's natural off course value: set the WEATHER on “1” position,
observe the average deviation range relative to the course order, e.g. if observed
deviation range is about ±3 degree, then set it on “3” or a position that a little less
than 3.
If in rough sea result in huge yaw, it's unnecessary to correct course frequently. From
the point of safety, set an appropriate off course limit and be far away from surge.
RUDDER adjustment
RUDDER setting determines how many rudder angle to correct one degree of the
deviation from setting course, for example, if vessel's heading deviates from the
setting course to the starboard with angle of 2°,
If "RUDDER" adj. points at 0.5 – rudder paddle moves to port with an angle of 1°
If "RUDDER" adj. points at 1 – rudder paddle moves to port with an angle of 2°
If "RUDDER" adj. points at 2 – rudder paddle moves to port with an angle of 4°
Usually, "RUDDER" adj. is on 1~1.5.
The Good setting, that is related to vessel’s type, rudder’s performance, vessel’s
speed and so on, and should be verified by yawing of ship in actual practice. It is
easier to judge it in calm sea.
In calm sea, put the “RUDDER” adjustment at “1.2” , when vessel drifts from the
expected course by wind, a single movement of rudder could stop vessel’s deviation
automatically and make it turn back to expected course little by little, the setting is
appropriate as well as the best.
If the heading goes back quickly and over the setting course, rudder has to move
conversely again, therefore rudder moves over and over again, it means that the
setting is too large, please decrease the value of setting.
If only two or more rudder movements in same direction could stop vessel’s
deviation, it means that the setting is too small, please increase the value of setting.
The optimum setting is relevant with vessel’s speed, water current and rudder effect.
Larger setting for low vessel speed and bad rudder effect, and smaller setting for
high vessel speed and good rudder effect, so adjust the “RUDDER” setting as
vessel's speed is changed.
RATE adjustment
RATE is determined by the vessel's load: larger setting for full load, while smaller
setting for ballast/light-load.
After setting of optimum RATE, turn the vessel to port and starboard with an angle of
15~20° in automatic steering respectively, if vessel change its heading quickly
without excessive overshoot (no more than 3°or abut 10% of course turning), then
Page 26 of 49
the setting is appropriate and system is in the best condition. If vessel is bogged
down or little by little to enter the new course without any overshoot, it means the
setting is excessive, so reduce it. If vessel’s overshoot is more than 3°, and
overshoots occur again after re-turning, even vibration without rest, it means the
setting of differential parameter is insufficient, please increase it.
Notes:
A.
If there is wave on the sea, it is possible to have somewhat big overshoot after
turning; however, the situation without any overshoot should be avoided as well.
B.
Some small-size vessels have no overshoot even without differential parameter
when turning heading. Appropriate increase of “RUDDER” setting could improve
its turning ability.
C.
Some vessels may have a big overshoot after a large angle turning, and increasing
“RATE” value makes no use as well. At this time, apply use a larger filtering time
constant, improve the speed of rudder movement appropriately, and reduce the
time between hard over to hard over to 20 seconds, even less, re-test again. If all
these actions still have no effect, replace a large heading angle turning with
several small heading angle turning.
LIMIT adjustment
If the vessel careened badly when turning, the setting should be decreased. If the
turning is too slow with little inclining, increase the setting. LIMIT is valid in all control
activities, that is, it also restrict possible maximum rate of turn.
ROT Adjustment
If the vessel careened badly when it turns at the maximum turn rate, reduce the
setting of Rate-of-Turn. If the vessel inclines little while the turn rate is too low,
increase the setting of Rate-of-Turn. If the vessel's turn rate can not reach the setting
value, check whether it is caused by small setting of rudder LIMIT.
Page 27 of 49
V. Installation instruction
Caution
● During the installation, do not move the equipment by roping the wheel or
handrails, wheel or handrail may break because of the weight of steering
stand, causing stand’s falling and damage.
The following points are important for the normal operation of the autopilot:
1. Apply the cables specified in the system wiring drawings, and choose the cable
model that according with the standard requirements. Cables for installation are
not supplied by the equipment unless otherwise stated.
2. Do not use the cable without performing high voltage test.
3. Don’t bundle up the cables of autopilot with power cable, loudspeaker cable, and
so on. In addition, vessel's high power radio may interfere with the autopilot each
other.
4. To obtain an accurate heading from the magnetic compass, great care should be
taken to the location of the compass, in the area 1m close to magnetic compass,
there should not be other electrical instruments, active magnet, strong magnet,
or other things may affect its accuracy. All the cables of large electrical current
should be installed in couples, and it is much better twisting each other. Accuracy
of magnetic compass should be calibrated regularly.
5. The mounting place should be convenient for operation with little vibration.
Prevent the equipment from rain and sunshine to prolong its service life. The
appropriate space around the instrument must be left for easy maintenance.
6. Make sure that power supplied by vessel is agreed with the power requested to
avoid damage of the equipment.
7. Don’t measure insulator resistance with high-resistance meter, because the
system applies semiconductor components. Cut off the related cables and wires
to the system before measuring electric distribution circuit with meg-ohmmeters.
8. The alignment procedure has been performed before the delivery. Do not
attempt to disassembly or align it randomly. Please contact with manufacturer in
case of problems.
Installation of magnetic course Sensor CS-32

Magnetic course sensor converts the course from magnetic compass into electric
signal, it is a very critical part, should be installed carefully.
o Place the sensor as well as its bottom-plate to the center of magnetic compass's
bowl, heading line on the sensor should align with the fore and aft line on the
bowl, at this position, fix the bottom-plate to the glass of the bowl with glue. The
Page 28 of 49
better alignment, the better performance.
o After controller is put through, compare the readings on display with the
magnetic compass's reading, slightly adjust the position of fore and aft line mark
to improve the accuracy of the course repeating.
Installation of rudder feedback
To transmit the rudder's actual position (rudder angle) to controller through rudder
feedback, make sure that the four points make a "parallelogram", the four points are
rotating center of feedback's rocker arm, rotating center of rudder stock, articulated
point of rudder tiller and adjustable connecting rod, and articulated point of rocket
arm and adjustable connecting rod, it's nearly a rectangle when rudder paddle is at
amid-ship.
In addition, parallelogram's two sides should be within the adjustment range of
rocker arm and connecting rod. The right position of feedbacks is that feedback
indicates at position "0" when the rudder is at amid-ship.
Page 29 of 49
VI. Alignment & Testing

The operators must be familiar with the contents of instruction before attempting to
alignment, and check according to the following steps:
Alignment of steering control unit

1. Check and be sure that the components are correct connected according to
system wiring diagram.
2. Put pump selector of steering stand on “OFF” position, put through the power
switch for pilot on master switch board, then steering stand is powered. Open the
door of steering stand, measure voltage at the connection terminals to confirm
whether steering stand is correctly supplied with vessel’s power.
3. Turn the switch of pump starter to “remote”, put steering mode selector of
steering stand on “NFU”, steering position selector of steering box on “CTRL in
Bridge”.
4. Put the pump selector of steering stand on “No.1”, “No.1 RUN” indication lamp
light up at this time.
5. Turn the lever of non-follow-up switch to “Port rudder” position, then rudder
moves to left side, and Turn the lever to “Starboard rudder”, rudder moves to
right side. If the movement direction is opposite, then exchange the wiring
connection of port and starboard solenoids in hydraulic systems.
6. Put pump selector on “No. 2”, the “No.2 RUN" indication lamp should light up.
Repeat the last step test.
Page 30 of 49
7. Turn hand wheel, put hand steering order on “zero”, that is “amid-ship” position.
8. Turn the mode selector to “hand”. Turn hand wheel respectively to left and right
side, sending out rudder order of 10°, rudder should follow up it, the allowed
error is “±1°” .
If hydraulic system oscillates, adjust anti-overshoot potentiometer on servo
panel. Turn the screw clockwise could improve its anti-overshoot ability. If anti-
overshoot ability is too high, then the rudder indication lamp will flash but rudder
couldn’t reach the expected destination. At this time, counter clockwise turn the
screw of potentiometer to reduce its anti-overshoot ability. System should be
adjusted to a state: rudder could follow up the rudder order timely, no matter
what angle is, neither overshoot nor pause. Single flash of rudder indicator is
also allowed in case of special situation.
If hand steering is out of order, refer to the related contents in Trouble Shooting.
9. Put the steering mode selector to "AUX" to perform the steering by auxiliary
station, and check its running with same method of NFU steering. (auxiliary
station is optional)
10.
Turn "RUDDER" adj. to position 1.5, turn steering mode selector to "AUTO".
11.
Clockwise turn "COURSE/ROT SETTING" setter, make the order course 5 degree
greater than vessel's actual course, rudder will move to starboard 7.5 degree,
allowed error is 1.2 degree. Counter clockwise turn the setter, make the order
course 5 degree less than actual course, rudder will move to port 7.5 degree,
allowed error is 1.2 degree too.
Sea trail
The sea trail is to determine the parameter setting in the automatic mode, especially
determination of counter-rudder parameter (for damping ） and introducing of
automatic meeting-rudder (for constant heading error compensation). These
parameters should be recorded and archived. Even replacing amplifier, adjust the
equipment based on the records and sea trail is no longer need.
In order to set optimum parameters, vessel should sail at cruising speed in calm sea.
The calmer of sea state, the more accurate of results.
Preliminary setting of P.I.D time constant (P.I.D – Proportion, Integral, Differential)
Before the sea trail, turn the switches to the positions listed in Table A as per vessel's
size. These settings may change and be finalized according to the results of the sea
trail.
Set the position of individual potentiometer according to the selected time constants
listed in Tab B, before finalization of time constants, put the switch K1 to "OFF"
position, that is, integral is not induced. (The switch is on the "automatic rudder order
calculation board".)
Page 31 of 49
TAB A: Parameter Setting Vs Vessel Size

Vessel’s Counter-rudder Meet-rudder
Filter Time constants
size in (differential) (integral)
For Counter-rudder
10,000 Time constant Time constant
（ RP3, RP5 ）
tons （ RP4 ）（ RP1 ）
＜ 0. 1 4s 1. 5 s 125 s
6s 1. 5 s 125 s
0. 1－ 0. 5 6s 1. 5 s 125 s
10 s 1. 5 s
0. 5～ 2 10 s 1. 5～ 3 s 125 s
20 s 1. 5～ 3 s 125 s
40 s 3～ 6 s 250 s
2 ～ 10 40 s 3～ 6 s 250 s
60 s 6 ～ 10 s 500 s
100 s 6 ～ 15 s 500 s
Note: usually, meet-rudder time constant is above 4~5 times of counter-rudder
time constant, not less than 4 times.
Page 32 of 49
TAB B: Setting and Potentiometer Position
Time Potentiometer Position

Switch constant 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1
0
4S ●
when K2 6S ●
RP4
is ON , 10S ●
the differential
15S ●
Counter adjustment
rudder is 20S ●
For
effective 30S ●
40S ●
60S ●
80S ●
100S ●
RP3 1.5S ●
when K3 2S ●
Filter Time
is ON 3S ●
the (Integral 1)
4S ●
counter for
rudder is 5S ●
differential
effective 6S ●
adjustment
8S ●
10S ●
12S ●
15S ●
RP5 1.5S ●
2S ●
Integral 2
of 3S ●
4S ●
differential
5S ●
adjustment
6S ●
8S ●
10S ●
12S ●
15S ●
when RP1 100S ●
K1 is integral 125S ●
ON 150S ●
adjustment
the 200S ●
meeting 250S ●
rudder 300S ●
is 350S ●
effectiv 400S ●
e 450S ●
500S ●
Page 33 of 49
Preliminary setting of external parameters in automatic steering (these

adjustors are on the panel of steering controller)
1. Clockwise turn "WEATHER" knob to "1" position,
2. Turn "RUDDER" to “1.5” position.
3. Turn "RATE" knob to “1” position when slack-load, on “4” when half-load and on
“6” when full-load.
4. "LIMIT" depends on vessel's size, usually it is "20" for general vessels, “15” for
bulk cargo, oil tankers, and "10" for container, opinion from vessel owner should
be considered as well.
Determination of RUDDER setting

In order to find a precise RUDDER setting in automatic steering mode, adjustment
should be performed according vessel’s deviation in the calm sea. Put the
WEATHER to "1" in advance.
First, put “RUDDER" on “1.5”. In automatic steering, observe the vessel's actual
yawing: when vessel drifts off planned course by wind and flow, then a single
movement of rudder could stop vessel’s deviation, and make it turn back to planned
course little by little, that the setting is appropriate. If vessel oscillates from left to
right following the Rudder moving, then reduce the setting. If only more than two
movement of rudder could stop vessel’s deviation, increase the setting. After getting
the optimum setting of RUDDER, it is the reference for the future operation.
General speaking, optimum setting of RUDDER is related to vessel's speed, flow
direction, it is inversely proportional to the relative speed of the vessel. Namely, it is
related to rudder effect, larger setting for low vessel speed and low rudder effect,
while smaller setting for high speed and high rudder effect. In addition, vessel's load
also affects the setting, smaller setting for light load and larger setting for full load.
Therefore, it is should be adjusted during the voyage based on these principles as
well as the vessel's condition and sea state.
Determination of internal parameter of Counter-rudder (differential)

After setting of optimum “RUDDER” in straight voyage, turn the vessel to port and
starboard by "COURSE/ROT SETTING" setter with a angle of 15°~20°respectively, if
vessel change it heading quickly & smoothly without excessive overshoot (no more
than 3°, that is 10~20% of course turning.) , then the setting is appropriate and
system is in the best condition. If vessel bogs down before the arriving the new
course without any overshoot, that means the value of differential parameter is
excessive, then reduce its value. If vessel’s overshoot is more than 3° much, and
overshoot occurs again after returning, so much as vibration without rest, that means
the setting of differential parameter is insufficient, please increase it. The test turning
to port and starboard must be several times to determine whether the setting is
optimum.
Notes:
A.
The test should be performed in calm sea. In case of smooth sea, there might
Page 34 of 49
be somewhat overshoot, and there are different results in the two sides. In
order to gain a precise result, turn to port and starboard for several times
respectively and take the average. In fact, an overshoot less than 5° is
acceptable, but no any overshoot should be avoided as well.
B.
Some small-size vessels have no overshoot even without differential
parameter when turning heading. Appropriate increase the setting of
RUDDER could improve its turning performance.
C.
Some vessels may have a big overshoot after a large angle turning, and
increasing differential value makes no use as well. At this time, use a larger
filter time constant of differential adjustment, improve the speed of rudder
movement appropriately, and reduce the time between hard over to hard
over to 20 seconds, so much as less, then re-test again. If all these actions
still do not work, replace a large heading angle turning with several small
heading angles for turnings.
Introducing of automatic meet-rudder (Integral)

After completion of abovementioned tests, automatic meet-rudder can be introduced.
Based on the finalized counter-rudder (differential) time constant, select the integral
time constant according to the above table, (usually, Integral time constant is 4~5
times of the differential time constant at least, not less than 4 times), turn the integral
adjustment potentiometer to the listed position marked in the table A and B, and K1
switch to "ON" position, afterwards, autopilot will meet automatically to correct
course deviation in automatic steering.
Appendix A: setup and calibration of Compass repeater

Usually, all the under-mentioned contents have been done in the
factory, it is not necessary to re-set and re-calibrate unless there
be unacceptable errors.
When power is put through, Compass repeater starts up. The digital display indicates
8888 at first, to be self-check. Illumination can be adjusted by the red and green
buttons under the repeater, press the red button to increase the brightness, press the
green button to decrease the brightness.
After self-check, digital display indicates "-//-", repeater enters automatic calibration
and matching. At the beginning, the dial clockwise turn slowly, the turning will be
faster and faster then turning quickly. It pauses at the position of "000. 0" for a short
moment, then enter into normal operation, the indicated value on the dial indication
should be consistent with the reading on digital display.
If self-check and automatic matching is failed, it indicates "Err" on repeater's digital
display.
When entering normal operating, if there is no effective course signal received within
3 seconds, digital display will indicate "――――".
Page 35 of 49
Repeater receives NMEA sentence via RS-232 & RS-422 interfaces. Sentence
format should be set in the first operation.
1. Re-matching of dial reading

If there is different between the dial indication and digit indication during operation,
must re-match of dial indication. Press both red and green buttons simultaneously,
digital display shows " － // － ", repeater enters automatic matching procedure,
after automatic matching and calibration, the indicated value on the dial is almost
consistent with the reading on the digital display.
2. Setting mode
Press the two buttons simultaneously for 5 seconds or more, release until the display
shows "SET" to enter the setting mode, press the green button again, indication
shows as following items in order by each pressing, (the sequence is converse if
press red button)
CHE - Dial indication verification mode, to check indication accuracy of dial.

C -
- dn - - NMEA sentence setting mode, to select the desired sentence format
-
baud - Set baud rate
-
-//- - Dial calibration mode, to eliminate the average error of dial indication
-
quit - Quit the setting mode
-
Note: NMEA sentence setting is HDT and baud rate is 4800 when
delivery, and the other two items (CHEC, [-//-]) have been calibrated
already before delivery, usually, no need to adjust for user.
In the selected mode, press the red and green buttons simultaneously to activate the
mode.
3. Dial indication verification mode (to check the indication accuracy of the dial
at individual course points)
In setting mode, press red or green button until display shows "CHEC", press the two
buttons simultaneously, enters the mode of dial indication error verification: dial
return to scale "0", display shows "000.0".
Press red button or green button, the indication increases or decreases by 0.1
degree per step, and it changes faster and faster as the pressing time goes on,
release the button, the display stops at a figure, check the indication error at each
point of the dial scale, re-press to change it again.
After check all the points, press the two buttons simultaneously, confirm completion
of indication error verification, and return to the setting mode, display shows CHEC.
Repeater will return to normal operation after 7 seconds around, or quit immediately
Page 36 of 49
from quit mode either.
4. Sentence setting: HDT, HDM/HDG

There are three options AUTO, HEHDT, HCHDT.
In setting mode, press red or green button till display shows "–dn–", press red and
green buttons simultaneously to enter the mode, at this time, display shows: AUTO
or HEHDT or HCHDT.
Press the red or green button display will shows in turn:
AUTO Receive the sentences with identifier “HDT” automatically.
- HE - Receive the sentences with identifier “HEHDT” only.
- HC - Receive the sentences with identifier “HCHDT” only.
When display shows the desired sentence format, press both red and green buttons
simultaneously, the sentence format is set, display shows "-dn-", and return to the
setting mode.
Press one button to select QUIT mode, then press both red and green buttons
simultaneously to return the normal operation, or waiting about 7 seconds, the
repeater will return to normal operation status automatically.
5. Dial calibration mode (to eliminate the average of errors of each points,
usually, it is done after completion of the product.)
In setting mode, press "red" or green button until display show "[-//-]".
Press the two buttons simultaneously, enter dial calibration mode, dial will turn and
stop at one point, digital display indicates the course value at the time, two
indications may be different.
Modify the dial indication with the average error between digital read-out and dial
indication by red or green button.
Attention: Overall consideration error on every points of dial is
important. Be sure that gap between indicated value
on the dial and digit display is acceptable at every
point. Otherwise, there may be big error of dial
indication at some points!
Press both red and green buttons simultaneously again, confirm the completion of
dial calibration, return to the setting mode, then display show [-//-]. About 7 second
later, repeater returns to the normal operation, or quit immediately via "quit" mode.
6. Set the baud rate mode

Press the red or green button till display shows "baud", press the red and green
button simultaneously to enter the set the baud rate mode.
In the mode press red or green button the display will indicate below in turn:
AUTO inquire about the baud rate of entering signal automatically
4.800 receive signal in 4800 baud rate invariably
Page 37 of 49

When the display indicate the baud rate is the desired press both red and green
buttons simultaneously to confirm the completion of setting, and return to the setting
mode, display shows "baud". About 7 second later, it will return to normal operational
status, or quit immediately via "quit" mode.
Notes:
1. If digital display shows "――――", it is an alarm from course detector, it means
that front-end devices are in warming-up status or the course value is invalid.
2. Connection with other equipment via interface RS 232 is as follows,
cable 1(red) for ＋ 24V;
cable 2 (white) for 0V;
cable 3 (black) for RX+;
cable 4(blue) for RX-;
cable 5 (yellow-green) for grounding.
Connection with other equipment via interface RS 422 is as follows,
cable 1(red) for ＋ 24V;
cable 2 (white) for 0V;
cable 3 (black) for RX-;
cable 4(blue) for X+;
cable 5 (yellow-green) for grounding.
Page 38 of 49
VII. Trouble shooting
Recommended Action for Alarm

In case of alarm, switch to another pump. In due time, make further check and
remove the fault according to the table below.
 " POWER" alarm
Cause A. Power for hydraulic system is lost – the switch on main
switchboard is not switching on or malfunction of power
circuit.
B. Pump doesn’t start because the fuse or power supply
cables is broken.
measures A. Switch to another hydraulic system, and check the power
circuit in due time.
B. Replace with backup fuse or cable.
"PHASE" Alarm
Cause A. One phase is lost or.
B. phase sequence mistake.
C. unbalance of three phase voltage
measures A. Switch to another hydraulic system.
B. check the power cable and phase sequence and check
the contact and wire connection of the alarm detect circuit.
C. Measure three-phase voltage.
"LOAD" Alarm
Cause Oil pump motor of hydraulic system is over-load.
measures A. Switch to another hydraulic system for steering, in due
time, check up pump starter and hydraulic pump assembly,
and reset over-load relay.
 "LEVEL" Alarm
Cause Level of hydraulic system is too low.
measures Check the level of oil tank and fill with oil.
 "FILTER" Alarm
Cause Filter of hydraulic system is blocked, large pressure
difference in the filter.
measures Clean the filter and replace filter core.
 "TEMP." Alarm
Cause Oil temperature of hydraulic system is too high
measures Switch to another pump, check and adjust the alarmed
hydraulic system.
 "PRESS" Alarm
Cause Oil pressure of hydraulic system is too low, malfunction of
auxiliary pump or inappropriate adjustment of back pressure
valve
measures Switch to another pump, check auxiliary bump or adjust the
pressure of back pressure valve.
 "HY.LOCK" Alarm
Cause Hydraulic system is blocked, rudder can not act normally. (see
trouble shooting of NFU steering)
measures Constant delivery pump system: disassemble and clean
solenoid valve, filtrate hydraulic oil to remove the impurity
and/or change the hydraulic oil.
Reset spring of solenoid valve is broken, replace it.
Variable delivery pump system: check and repair the pump.
"COURSE" Alarm
Cause In automatic steering, difference between vessel's present

heading and setting course is greater than the permitted
value.
measures A.
Change the setting course more than 10°by automatic
steering, alarm will be cleared automatically after
entering the new course.
B. Automatic steering mode is malfunction; see section of
"trouble shooting for automatic steering".
 "COMPASS" Alarm
Cause Course difference between Gyrocompass and magnetic
compass is greater than 10°±2°
measures A.
There is Big error of magnetic compass, calibration it by
professional personnel.
B.
Fault of Gyrocompass or repeater, repair by experienced
personnel.
 "CTRL PWR" Alarm

Cause The selected main power supply (380V) is lost.
A.
Hydraulic pump can not be started; the steering place
selection of starter box is wrongly on "CTR in stern".
B.
The fuse core or the power cable is broken.
C.
Autopilot is turned off, but the 24V storage battery is not
turned off yet.
measures Switch to another power supply and remove the trouble
timely.
A. Put the operation place selector to "CTRL in bridge"
position.
B. Replace fuse core or backup cable.
C. Turn off the switch of 24V power in bridge distribution box.
Trouble shooting in NFU steering mode
 Rudder hard over in the converse direction in NFU mode

phenome rudder moves opposite to the order
na
Cause Wrong wiring connection
measures Exchange the cables of solenoids to port rudder and
starboard rudder.
 NFU steering is malfunction or now and then malfunction

phenome NFU steering is unavailable, or to hard over just after
na starting.
Cause A.
Solenoid winding is open.
B.
Control circuit of solenoid winding is open.
C.
Solenoid core is blocked.
measures A.
Measure the resistance of solenoid winding; replace it in
case of open winding.
B.
Check the fuse core & cable connection of solenoid control
circuit in the steering box in steering gear room, correct
them in case of open or bad contact.
C.
If the valve is blocked, clean it or change hydraulic oil if
necessary.
 Rudder runs away to single direction in NFU steering

phenome Rudder runs away to the single direction, or hard over, while
na the hand steering is normal.
Cause Reset spring of solenoid or hydraulic valve is broken or
ineffective.
measures Check and replace the reset springs.
Trouble shooting for hand steering
 Rudder runs hard over in converse direction in hand steering

phenome Rudder moves opposite to order till hard over
na
Cause A. Invert signal output of feedback. or
B. The connection cable to two solenoid windings is mistake.
measures A. Exchange the two cores (F1, F3) of the cables for
supplying power to feedback. or
B. Exchange two cables to solenoids windings for control to
port and control to starboard as well.
 Rudder moves in converse direction and be able to stop in hand steering

phenome Rudder stops at the opposite side.
na
Cause Invert signal output of feedback and the connection cable to
two solenoid windings is mistake.
measures Exchange the two cores (F1, F3) of the cables for supplying
power to feedback and exchange two cables to solenoids
windings for control to port and control to starboard as well.
 Malfunction in Hand steering

phenome 1. NFU steering is out of order as well.
na 2. Hand steering runs away from the normal position, but
the NFU steering is normal.
Cause 1. NFU steering is out of order.
2. No rudder feedback signal or fault of follow-up amplifier.
measures 1. See section of NFU steering trouble shooting
2. Check the screws of feedback's input/output terminal and
tighten them if loosing. Check and replace the broken
cable; check and repair the servo amplifier or replace it.
 Hydraulic system oscillates or sluggish response in hand steering

phenome Rudder at both sides oscillates or Rudder moving indicator
na flashes but rudder is sluggish.
Cause 1. There is air in the hydraulic cylinder or too much output
flow of oil pump resulting in over high speed of rudder.
2. The bearing of rudder head shaft becomes less crowded.
3. The play between sheave on plunger and slide plate on
shifting fork is too bigger.
4. Anti-overshoot adjustment is out of order.
measures 1. Check and remove the air in the hydraulic cylinder, reduce
the output flow of oil pump, increase the time from hard over
to hard over to 23~25 seconds normally, but no more than 28
seconds.
2. Check the bearing of rudder head shaft and its clamp plate
3. Measure the play between sheave on plunger and slide
plate on shifting fork.
4. Re-adjust potentiometer for anti-overshoot, increase
system damping by clockwise turning, otherwise, it
decreases.
 Oscillation or sluggish occur only in one hydraulic system

phenome Only one side rudder oscillates or Rudder moving indicator
na flashes but rudder is sluggish.
Cause Rudder speed of two systems is not consistent.
measures Adjust the flow out of hydraulic pump; make two speeds be
equal with a difference lower than 2 second. Re-adjust anti-
overshoot.
 Not follow-up for small rudder angle in hand steering

phenome Small rudder angle can be followed, but follow accuracy is
na poor.
Cause The gain adjustment of rudder order amplifier is Improper, or
connection of rudder feedback is loose, or the dead band is
too big.
measures Check the gains of rudder feedback amplification circuit,
servo order amplification circuit, integrated amplification
circuit, and correct it in case of problem.
Correct and fasten the position of rudder Sensor in feedback.
 Big follow-up error of hand steering

phenome Small rudder angle can be followed, but follow-up accuracy
na is poor.
Cause The installation of parallelogram link rod assembly for rudder
feedback unit is Improper.
measures Adjust the link rod assembly to meet the requirements of
parallelogram.
Trouble shooting for automatic steering
 Automatic steering is out of order

phenome Hand steering is out of order too.
na
Cause Hand steering is out of order.
measures Switch to another servo system, eliminate the failure of hand
steering in due time
 Rudder is hard over in automatic steering

phenome Hand steering is normal, but hard over in automatic steering.
na
Cause Failure of automatic rudder order circuit.
measures Check and repair the automatic rudder order circuit by
experienced service personnel.
 Heading swings in automatic steering

phenome Vessel's heading swings back and forth, rudder moves to
na port and starboard respectively.
Cause Setting of rudder angle ratio for automatic steering is too
large
measures Reduce the setting, usually it is about 1.2
 Heading is swings in automatic steering

phenome Vessel swings frequently with little rudder movement.
na
Cause “WEATERH” setting is too large (Sensitivity is too low)
measures Calm sea: 0. 8~1. 5
Smooth sea: 1.5~3
Heavy weather: 3~5
 Unable to come in new course quickly & smoothly in automatic steering

phenome When turning in automatic steering, heading exceeds the
na new course more 5°, then oscillates around new course, or
heading stops before the coming in new course.
Cause “RATE” (differential) setting is improper.
measures Reset "RATE" according to the section "automatic steering "
& "sea trail"
 Rudder does work in automatic steering

phenome Rudder do not act even the deviation from setting course is
na more than 5°.
Cause No course input
measures Check course input circuit or repair by experienced
personnel.
Note: steering controller adopts integrated circuit and electric components, do not
attempted repair by yourself. In case of complex failure, please contact with
manufacturer, and get experienced professional for repair. During maintenance, be
sure the power is switched off when plugging or inserting printed circuit board, to
avoid further damage.
VIII. Maintenance
As it has various steering modes, please operate in each steering mode for two
pump sets respectively before every sailing and be sure that all steering modes are
effective, and the system is in good condition. Normal operation of indication lamps
and alarm system should be confirmed as well.
A.
Keep a close eye on sea state during voyage. Watch the indication lamps to
know whether the equipment is in normal operation.
B.
Assign a person to take the responsibility of check and maintenance of the
system.
C.
As for operator, routine maintenance only means cleaning instrument and
replacing the vulnerable objects timely, such as: illumination lamps, fuses,
etc. backup illumination lamps and fuses are stored in the spare parts box.
Make records in log on abnormal operation, smell, sound or heat of the
equipment, and inform BMEW service department for early repair.
D.
Regular check plugs, sockets, connecting terminals whether there is rust,
insulation breakage, poor contact, screws loosen. Tighten loose screw for
connection terminal. Check the ablation degree of contacts for NFU steering
switch, and then determine the contacts must be polished or replaced.
E.
Overall maintenance by qualified and experienced person should be done every
two years.
Daily maintenance
Magnetic compass
Lubricate the movable part of gimbals ring, because salt may adhere to its surface
and affect its smoothly running. In case of vessel's long-term mooring, it is
recommended to take it down and put it in warehouse, or cover with sun shield to
prolong its the service life.
Magnetic sensor
Magnetic sensor adopts thin & soft conductor wire to avoid interference with
magnetic compass. Caution: do not contact it with other metal part; otherwise, it may
result in damage of the wire outer and malfunction of the automatic steering. In case
of vessel's long-term mooring, it is recommended to take it down and keep it with
magnetic compass in warehouse.
Compass repeater
Whether routine maintenance or repair, the whole set of repeater should be replaced
if the display is in confusion.
Rudder feedback
Feedback is installed at a place with the strongest vibration on vessel and the worst
ambient environment. Feedback is a very critical unit, in case its damage, hand
steering, automatic steering, rudder indication are out of order. Before leaving the
port, check whether the ball junction and fixed part are loosen. Grease monthly to
those moving part, e.g. ball junction.
Control unit
Regular check plugs, sockets, connecting terminals whether there is rust,
insulation breakage, poor contact, screws loosen, etc.
IX. Spare Parts List

A. Spare parts for steering stand
1. Transformer CBX-100 380/220V 1 piece
2. Switching power supply S-75-24 1 piece
3. Fuse RL98 － 16 3A 5 pieces
B. Spare parts for steering box in rudder gear box

1. valve-driven PCB 1 piece
2. Position indication lamp 24V white 1 piece
3. Operating indication lamp 24V green 1 piece
4. Fuse RL98-16 2A 5 pieces
C. Spare parts for starter

1. Power supply indication lamp 380V white 1 piece
2. Operating indication lamp 380V green 1 piece
3. Operating indication lamp 380V yellow 1 piece
4. Intermediate relay 380V 1 piece
D. Tool
1.5-5mm Inner hexagonal spanner 1 set
X. Storage
Storage should follow the following instructions:
1). Put all the power switches to “OFF” position.
2). Storage temperature should be within -20° ～ +55℃. Keep it from high
humidity; it may cause rust and corrosion.
3). Keep it from objectives, which may give out erosive gas or breed microorganism,
such as animal specimen, insect, small animal.
4). Cover the equipment with PE plastic film or cloth if you know there may be dust.
Protection cover is necessary if there is welding operation nearby; prevent
the equipment from damage caused by welding spark.
XI. Warranty
It is guaranteed for one and a half year from the date of delivered by manufacturer,
or one year from the date delivered by shipyard, and it’s counted on the earlier one.
During this period, manufacturer will repair or replace defective components free of
charge; however, guarantee does not cover the damage or malfunction not caused
as a result of manufacturer's responsibilities.
Appendix
1. BT-82B Autopilot Steering Stand- Outline & Mounting

2. Rudder Feedback – Outline & Connection
3. Steering Box - Outline & Dimension

4. Starter- Outline & Dimension
Star-delta starter (above) & direct starter (below)
5. Extension Alarm Device & Aux. Steering Box – Outline
6. System Wiring Diagram

Autopilot BT 82B

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BT-82B Operating Instruction

BETTER MARINE ELECTRIC WORKS

JIAOJIANG TAIZHOU CHINA

IMPORTANT NOTES TO SAFE OPERATION!

 Do not use automatic steering when in heavy traffic areas or in narrow

 Automatic steering works on the course signal from Gyrocompass or

Configuration for BT-8 Series Pilot

Automatic steering controller AP-82B ●

FU steering controller FP-81 ● ●

FU steering wheel HD-82 (incl. ● ●

Rudder angle indicator (meter type) ● ● ●

NFU steering lever SAE ● ● ● ● ●

NFU steering wheel NF-80 ●

System selector SAS ● ●

Pump selector SAP ● ● ● ● ●

Steering mode selector SAM ● ● ● ● ●

Steering alarm Indicator AL-82 ● ● ● Note 1 ●

Electric mounting board unit ● ● ● ● ●

Compass repeater 38-V optional ● ●

Magnetic Course Sensor SC-32 optional optional

Shell of steering stand optiona optional optional optional optional

Steering Box in steering gear room SGC-82 ● ● ● ●

STY - 82 optiona optional optional optional optional

Extension Alarm devices AL-8E optiona optional optional optional optional

II. Construction and functions of BT-82B Autopilot

1. Heading control Subsystem

For BT-82B, heading controller of

1.2 Steering controller AP-82B

and the function is only effective in automatic steering mode.

Steering mode indicator: There are four green

Caution: to ensure the safety, do not change course signal source in

1.3 Steering Alarm Indicator AL-82

There are three groups, totally 24 pieces

RUN1 and RUN 2 indicators are on the left

Each group has one green indication lamp

1.4 NFU Steering lever SAE

1.5 Pump Selector SAP

1.6 FU wheel HD-32

1.7 Rudder angle indicator 45-C9

1.8 Steering mode selector SAM

2. Magnetic Course Sensor SC-32 (optional)

3. Rudder Angle Feedback FB-82P2

4. Steering box in steering gear room SGC-82

5. Starter for Steering Gear ST-82/STY-82

6. Auxiliary station AX-8 (optional)

7. Extention Rudder Alarm Device AL-8E(optional)

III. Technical specification

Working temperature: -10 ～ +55℃

APB – B（ Heading/Track controller (autopilot) sentence B ）

$--APB , A , A , x.x , a , N , A , A , x.x , a , c—c , x.x , a , x.x , a , a *hh <CR><LF>

HDT (Heading true)

$--HDT, x.x , T * hh <CR><LF> or

RSA （ Rudder sensor angle ）

$--RSA, x.x, a, x.x, a *hh <CR><LF>

1 Set course: 000~359 in degree

IV. Operational Procedure

1. Start-up & turn off the pilot

Turn off the pilot

Course Match after starting

2. NFU (Non-follow-up) steering

Steering in auxiliary station located the wings of bridge （ optional ）

Steering in steering gear room

WEATHER -- 0.5 or 1 in calm sea; 2 or 3 in bad sea