Age of Jackson Study Guide KEY

1. Characteristics of Eras - Match the eras to their correct descriptions. Then number the eras in correct
sequence.

Early Republic Exploration & Colonization American Revolution

Age of Jackson Constitution

Description Era Sequence

Jamestown established, Fundamental Orders of Exploration & Colonization 1
Connecticut, Mayflower Compact, Virginia House of
Burgesses
3/5th Compromise, Great Compromise, Federalists, Anti- Constitution 3
federalists, Federalists Papers
Spoils systems, voting rights extended, Nullification Crisis, Age of Jackson 5
fight against the Second Bank of the U.S.
Yorktown, Saratoga, signing the Declaration of American Revolution 2
Independence, Valley Forge
Washington’s Farewell Address, XYZ Affair, Louisiana Early Republic 4
Purchase

2. Elections and Political Parties:

a. Why did Federalists die out?
 didn’t support War of 1812

 Democrat-Republicans adopted some of the Federalists’ beliefs

b. After War of 1812, the only party was – Democrat-Republicans

c. Election of 1824:
 Tie between (circle 2 names)
John Qunicy Adams Henry Clay Andrew Jackson William Crawford

 How was there a tie? No one won a majority of the electoral votes

 Connect to “Corrupt Bargain” – JQA won because he made a deal with Clay. Clay would
persuade members of the House of Reps to vote for JQA and in exchange when
president, JQA would appoint Clay to be secretary of state.

d. What caused the Democratic-Republican party to split into 2 parties? Corrupt Bargain – Jackson
mad over John Q. Adams becoming president and his dirty deal with Henry Clay

e. What new political party did Jackson create? Democratic Party

3. Andrew Jackson
a. Background – common man, orphaned at young age, lived on frontier, War of 1812 war hero,
had a fiery temper

b. During the election of 1828, voting rights were expanded to - common man – farmers, workers

c. Type of person who voted for him – common man – farmers, workers

d. What was Jacksonian Democracy? common man could run the gov’t

e. Why some people didn’t like Jackson ? thought he was too powerful, ruled like a king

f. Define spoils system – Jackson’s policy of giving government jobs to political supporters

4. Second Bank of the US

a. What presidential power did AJ use on bank’s charter? Veto (rejected)
b. Why? He thought the bank favored the wealthly man, not common man

c. What did AJ do with the $ in federal bank? He removed the money from the federal banks and
placed it in state banks (or “pet banks”)

d. Which previous Supreme Court case declared federal law superior and supported the
constitutionality of the Second Bank of the US? McCulloch v. Maryland

5. Tariff Acts of 1828 and 1832

a. Define tariff - tax on imported goods

b. What does a protective tariff encourage? Americans to buy American made products

c. What Southerners called the tariff – Tariff of Abominations

d. Complete the chart below regarding stances on tariffs

Region Stance on Tariffs Why?

(CIRCLE CORRECT
ANSWER)
North Supported Most factories were located in the North. With

Opposed this tariff, it encouraged people to buy American

made goods – which meant the North’s factories
were a big success.

South Supported Mainly farmers who grew crops and needed to sell

Opposed their crops to foreign countries and buy

manufactured goods. These goods they needed to
buy were now more expensive because of the tariff
6. Nullification Crisis
a. Define nullify – the right of a state to reject the a federal law

b. State that passed the Nullification Act – declaring it wouldn’t pay the tariffs of 1828 & 1832 and
threatened to secede (leave the U.S.) if federal government interfered – South Carolina

c. Circle the correct answer for each statement on the left.

I. Believed in states’ rights to nullify federal law. John C. Calhoun

Henry Clay

Andrew Jackson

II. Thought states must follow all federal laws no matter John C. Calhoun
what and threatened to use force if states refused Henry Clay

Andrew Jackson

III. “Great Compromiser” – helped to get Congress to lower John C. Calhoun

the tariff. Made both sides feel like they won the Henry Clay
tariff issue. Andrew Jackson

IV. Said, “The Union, next to our liberty, most dear. It can John C. Calhoun
only be preserved by respecting the rights of the Henry Clay
states.” Andrew Jackson

V. Said, “Our Union! It must be preserved!” John C. Calhoun

Henry Clay

Andrew Jackson

7. Worcester v. Georgia:
a. Who was Worcester? white missionary living among Natives

b. Why was he arrested? Because he was living with Natives without a permit required by GA
state law
c. Effect of the ruling – established the sovereignty (independence) of Indian Nations as separate
land and rules from the US.

d. Jackson’s response to ruling – CIRCLE CORRECT

o Followed or Ignored Court’s ruling
o Allowed GA to relocate Natives or Didn’t allow GA to relocate Natives

8. Indian Removal Act of 1830:

a. Purpose – to move the Native Americans off their land (in the south-east US) and relocate
them west of the Mississippi River to reservations in Oklahoma

b. Two reasons whites wanted Native lands –

o To farm cotton on their land

o Gold had been discovered on their land

9. Trail of Tears:
a. President during time - Jackson

b. Description of event – Tens of thousands of Native Americans taken from their homes and
forced to move west of the Mississippi River into Indian Territory. Very long, deadly journey.

c. Why called “Trail of Tears”? very sad, thousands died along the way

10. Important places to know connected to Jackson’s presidency

a. Shaded in Georgia

b. - Indian Territory

c. Trace the Mississippi River by darkened the line

d. Circle of the region of the U.S. where Natives were removed from

11. Identify which principle of the Constitution is being described. Circle your answer.

Checks and Balances Republicanism The people have the power over their government

Popular Sovereignty Individual Rights

Checks and Balances Republicanism Each branch makes sure the other is not abusing its powers
Popular Sovereignty Individual Rights

Checks and Balances Republicanism People elect representatives

Popular Sovereignty Individual Rights

Checks and Balances Republicanism Citizens have certain freedoms

Popular Sovereignty Individual Rights