9.

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. Epithelium
b. Endothelium
c. Descemet's membrane
d. Substantia propria
e. None of the above

Answer: c

There are five layers to the cornea: epithelium, Bowman's

membrane, substantia propria, Descemet's membrane, and
endothelium.

The surface of the cornea is covered by a non keratinized stratified

squamous epithelium. Bowman's membrane and Descemet's
membrane are acellular. The majority of the cornea is from the
substantia propria. The endothelium is a simple epithelium.

10.
Which structure is avascular?
a. Retina
b. Cornea
c. Choroid
d. Sclera
e. Uvea

Answer: b

The cornea is avascular.

1.
What is Bruch's membrane?
a. Ciliary body
b. Optic disc
c. Fovea centralis
d. Lamina vitrea
e. Lamina cribrosa

Answer: d

The ciliary body is a thickening in the uvea. It contains the ciliary muscle.

The site where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball is the optic disc. This region is also called the
anatomical blind spot. Since there are no photoreceptors at this spot, it causes a blind spot in the
visual field.
The fovea centralis is part of the retina. There are only cone cells in the fovea
centralis. It is the site for maximal visual acuity.

The inner layer of the choroid is the lamina vitrea. The lamina vitrea is also referred
to as Bruch's membrane.

The lamina cribrosa are small openings within the sclera where the fibers forming
the optic nerve travel through.

2.
What are neurons in the retina?
a. Unipolar
b. Pseudounipolar
c. Bipolar
d. Multipolar
e. Both a and b

Answer: c

The neurons in the retina are bipolar.

Neurons can be classified based on the number of axons and dendrites stemming
off of the cell body. A unipolar neuron has one process which branches off of it This
process then immediately divides into two. Thus, a unipolar neuron is sometimes
also called a pseudounipolar neuron. Sensory neurons are unipolar.

A bipolar neuron has two process that branch from it: an axon and a dendrite.
Bipolar neurons are not very common and are found in some of the organs for
special senses. Bipolar neurons are found in the retina, inner ear, and the region of
the nose involved with smell.

Multipolar neurons have one axon and many (at least two) dendrites that branch off
of it. Most neurons are multipolar. Motor neurons and interneurons are multipolar.

3.
Which structure is transparent?
a. Choroid
b. Ciliary body
c. Iris
d. Ora serrata
e. Cornea

Answer: e

The cornea is transparent.

4.
Which of the following is the receptor for color?
a. Rods
b. Cones
c. Bipolar cells
d. Ganglion cells
e. Horizontal cells

Answer: b

The eyeball has three layers. The innermost layer is the retina. The middle layer is
the uvea. The outer layer is the sclera and cornea.

The retina consists of the rods, cones, bipolar cells, ganglion cells, horizontal cells,
and amacrine cells. The receptors for vision are the rods and cones. The rods are
located on the periphery, and are not color sensitive. The cones are the receptors
for color.

5.
What is responsible for adjusting the lens?
a. Choroid
b. Ciliary muscle
c. Iris
d. Ora serrata
e. Sclera

Answer: b

The vascular pigmented structure of the uvea is the choroid. The ciliary body
contains the ciliary muscle. The ciliary muscle is responsible for adjusting the lens.
The most anterior portion of the uvea is the iris. The anterior pigmented portion of
the retina is called the ora serrata. The sclera is the "white of the eye".

6.
What is the region called where the optic nerve exits the eye?
a. Os
b. Optic chiasm
c. Lamina cribrosa
d. Optic disc
e. Ora serrata

Answer: d

An os is an opening or mouth. The optic chiasm is the anatomical region shaped

like an "X" where the two optic nerves join. The region where the optic nerve exits
the eye is the optic disc. The openings within the sclera which allow nerve fibers to
exit is the lamina cribrosa. The anterior pigmented portion of the retina is called the
ora serrata.
7.
Which of the following is a type of neuron?
a. Rods
b. Ganglion cells
c. Cones
d. Pigmented epithelium
e. Supporting cells

Answer: b

The retina contains receptor cells, neurons, pigmented epithelium and supporting
cells. The nervous element in the retina consists of bipolar cells and ganglion cells.

8.
What is the space anterior to the iris?
a. Anterior chamber
b. Posterior chamber
c. Vitreal cavity
d. Both a and b
e. All of a, b, and c

Answer: a

The region behind the lens is the vitreal cavity. The chambers anterior to the lens
are the anterior chamber and posterior chamber. The iris separates the anterior
chamber from the posterior chamber.

9.
Which layer forms the majority of the cornea?
a. Epithelium
b. Endothelium
c. Descemet's membrane
d. Substantia propria
e. Bowman's membrane

Answer: d

There are five layers to the cornea: epithelium, Bowman's membrane, substantia
propria, Descemet's membrane, and endothelium.

The surface of the cornea is covered by a non keratinized stratified squamous

epithelium. Bowman's membrane and Descemet's membrane are acellular. The
majority of the cornea is from the substantia propria. The endothelium is a simple
epithelium.

10.
What is the region where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball?
a. Ciliary body
b. Optic disc
c. Fovea centralis
d. Lamina vitrea
e. Lamina cribrosa

Answer: b

The ciliary body is a thickening in the uvea. It contains the ciliary muscle.

The site where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball is the optic disc. This region is
also called the anatomical blind spot. Since there are no photoreceptors at this
spot, it causes a blind spot in the visual field.

The fovea centralis is part of the retina. There are only cone cells in the fovea
centralis. It is the site for maximal visual acuity.

The inner layer of the choroid is the lamina vitrea. The lamina vitrea is also referred
to as Bruch's membrane.

The lamina cribrosa are small openings within the sclera where the fibers forming
the optic nerve travel through.