Dual L.e.

d Flasher

A two transistor circuit that flashes two LEDs on and off alternately.

1 Insert the two transistors into the breadboard with the flat face pointing down as
shown in the photo. Use wire links to connect the emitter of each transistor to the
bottom rail. Get the two LEDs and the two 470 ohm resistors ready.

2.Connect one end of a 470 ohm resistor to the collector of each transistor. Connect
the other end of the resistor to a tie point on the other side of the breadboard centre
channel.
Connect an LED to each resistor as shown below. The anode of each LED is to be
connected to the top rail of the breadboard.
Get the two 22k ohm resistors and two wire links ready.
3 Connect the two 22k resistors across the middle channel of the breadboard.
Connect the top lead of each 22k resistor to the top rail of the breadboard using a
wire link.
Get the two 100uF capacitors ready.
4 Insert the capacitors with the positive lead of each capacitor on the collector of its
corresponding transistor. Connect the negative lead of each capacitor to its
corresponding 22k resistor.
Get two wire links ready.
5 Use wire links to connect the base (middle pin) of each transistor to the negative
lead of each opposite capacitor.
Power up the circuit using a 9V battery.
QTY PART DESIGNATOR NOTES TYPE

22k resistors (red

2 - red - orange) R2, R3

470 ohm resistors

(yellow - violet -
2 brown) R1, R4 1/4W, 5% or better Resistors

Electrolytic capacitors, 16V or more

Try using 47uF or 33uF capacitors to

speed up the rate at which the LEDs
2 100uF C1, C2 flash Capacitor

NPN transistors

2N2222, BC107, BC108 or BC109

transistors can be used in the circuit, but
KSP2222 or have a different case to the KSP2222 /
2 PN2222 Q1, Q2 2N2222
2 5mm red LED D1, D2 Or similar LED Semiconductor
 Flasher
Procedure
materials

 PNP Transistor, P/N 2907A, qty: 2

 Resistor, value 470 Ohms, qty: 2
 Resistor, value 100k Ohms, qty: 2
 Capacitor, 10 uF, qty: 2
 LED, Qty: 2
 Breadboard
 Jumper wires

1. Add the two PNP transistors and the jumper wires from the power BUS to the emitter
of each transistor. Because of the way I inserted the two transistors the emitter is on the
left side of both transistors.

2.Connect the two capacitors to the circuit. Connect the positive lead of the first
capacitor to the collector of transistor 2. Next connect the negative lead of the same
capacitor to the base of transistor 1.

Repeat the above process for the second capacitor. Connect the positive lead of the
second capacitor to the collector of transistor 1. Connect the negative lead of the same
capacitor to the base of transistor 2.

3 Next connect the 100k resistors to the transistors. One lead of the resistor connects to
the Base of the transistor, the other lead connects to ground. Do this for both
transistors.

4 Finally add the two 470 Ohm resistors along with the two LEDs. I added a picture of a
transistor to identify the Emitter, Base, and Collector.

Connect one wire of the first resistor to the collector of transistor 1. The the other
resistor wire then connects to the positive wire of the first LED. The negative wire of the
LED is then connected to ground.
Follow the same steps for the other resistor and LED. Connect one wire of the second
resistor to the collector of transistor 2. The the other resistor wire then connects to the
positive wire of the second LED. The negative wire of the LED is then connected to
ground.

5 The last step is to supply power and watch the LEDs blink. we use a 9 volt battery and
it worked fine.