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All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or
transmitted in any form or by any means, or mechanical including photocopying, recording or
otherwise, without permission in writing from the National Institute Of Public Administration, Lusaka,
Zambia

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(2015)
 Acknowledgements
The National Institute Public Administration (NIPA), Outreach Programmes Division wishes to thank
those below for their contribution to this BPA 204 – Sustainable Community Development:

……………………………………….

……………………………………….

National Institute Of Public Administration

Outreach Programmes Division

National Institute of Public Administration – Outreach Programmes Division 2

 P. O. Box 31990
Dunshanbe Road
Lusaka
     Zambia
Phone No.: +260228802-4
Fax: +260227213
E-mail:Executivedirector@nipa.ac.zm
Website: www.nipa.ac.Zm

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 Content Page

About BPA 204 Sustainable Community Development………………………….... 1

How this Sustainable Community Development structured………………….. 1

Module Overview……………………………………………………………………… 1
Welcome to BPA 204 – Sustainable Community Development ……………. 3
BPA – 204 Sustainable Community development – Is this course for you?..…. 3
Module Learning Outcomes…………………………………………………… 3
Time frame…………………………………………………………………….. 3
Study skills…………………………………………………………………….. 4
Need help?.......................................................................................................... 5
Assignments…………………………………………………………………… 5
Assessments……………………………………………………………………. 5

Getting around this Sustainable Community Development module………….…… 6

Margin icons…………………………………………………………………… 6
Learning tips…………………………………………………………………… 7
Studying at a distance………………………………………………………….. 8

Unit 1 – Approaches to Sustainable community development……………………. 9

Introduction……………………………………………………………………. 9
Sustainable community development……………..…………..………………. 11
Importance of sustainable development……………………………………….. 14
Principles of sustainable development……………………………………….... 15
Asset based community development tools..………………………………….. 19
Need based Approach……………………………………………..…………… 32
Asset based Approach…………………………………………………………. 15
Unit Summary..................................................................................................... 15
Self-help questions………………………………..……………………………

Unit 2 – Understanding the community…..………………………………………... 16

Introduction………….………………………………………..………………. 16
Community Homogeneity and Community heterogeneity……………………. 16
Characteristics of homogeneous communities from heterogeneous communities
…………………………………………………………………. 16
Unit Summary.................................................................................................... 18
Self-help questions………………………………..…………………………… 18

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 Unit 3 – THEORIES OF SOCIAL MOBILISATION ………….………………... 19

Introduction…….……………………………………………..………………. 19
Theories of behaviour change …………………………………………….…. 19
Major theories of behaviour change.…………..……………………..………. 21
Criteria for selecting projects…………………………………………………. 94
The Stages of systems development life cycle……………………………….. 95
Unit Summary.................................................................................................... 101
Self-help questions………………………………..…………………………… 102

Unit 4 – Decision making and MIS at different levels in the organisation………... 103

Introduction…………………………………………………………………… 103
Decision Support Systems (DSS)……............................................................... 105
Types of DSS…………………………….......................................................... 106
Components of Decision Support Systems........................................................ 107
Group Decision Support Systems GDSS)………………………..................... 108
Components of a GDSS…………………………………………..................... 108
Executive Support Systems (ESS)……………………………………………. 109
Role, benefits and success factors of ESS……………………………………. 109
Expert systems……………………………………………………………….. 109
Systems for decision Support………………………………………………… 113
Stages in the decision-making process………………………………………. 113
End-user computing...……………..…………………………………………. 114
Unit Summary……….……………..…………………………………………. 115
Self-help Questions…….……………………………………………………... 116

Unit 5 – Data errors and Controls and the IT personnel…………………………... 117

Introduction…………………………………………………………………… 117
Threats to data……………………..…………………………………………. 118
Types of Data errors…………..……............................................................... 118
Data Controls…………..……………….......................................................... 119
The roles of the IT personnel……………......................................................... 122
Unit Summary………………………………………………………………… 127
Self-help Questions………………………………………………………….… 128

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 Unit 6 – Data communications and Networks……..………………………………... 128

Introduction…………………………………………………………………… 128
Telecommunications……………….….………………………………………. 131
Types of Communication Networks…............................................................... 133
LAN Network Topologies……………….......................................................... 134
The Internet…………………………………………………………………… 138
Telecommuting...……………………………………………………………… 140
E-commerce and the categories of e-commerce................................................ 141
Unit Summary………………………………………………………………… 144
Self-help Questions…………………………………………………………… 144

Unit 7 - Computer Systems Security……................................................................. 145

Introduction…………………………………………………………………… 145
Systems vulnerability and abuse ...................................................................... 146
Information Systems security…………........................................................... 147
Information systems controls………………………………………………… 153
Ethics and Professionalism……………………………………………………. 156
Disaster Recovery Plan and Business Continuity Planning.............................. 158
Risk management…………………………………………………………….. 160
Unit Summary……….…………………………………………..……………. 161
Self-help Questions…….………………………………….………….………. 162

Recommended Readings…………………………………………………..………….. 163

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National Institute of Public Administration – Outreach Programmes Division 8