Experiment No.

I. OBJECTIVE: To Determine the Density of the Liquid by the Volumetric method.

II. APPARATUS:
o Water
o Graduated Cylinder
o Digital Weighing Scale

III. INTRODUCTION:

The Density of the fluid denoted by 𝜌 (rho) is its mass per unit volume. Density is highly
variable in gases and increases nearly proportionally to the pressure level.
𝑚
𝜌=
𝑉

The Specific Weight or unit weight of the fluid, denoted by 𝛾 (gamma) is the weight per unit
volume but weight (W) is equal to mass times the gravity; W= mg, density and the specific weight are
simply related by gravity:
𝛾 = 𝜌𝑔

In standard, earth gravity (g) is equivalent to 9.807 m/s² in SI units and 32.174 ft/s² in English
System. Specific weight is very useful in the hydrostatic pressure applications.

The Specific Gravity, denoted by (sg), which is unit less, is the ratio of the fluid density to a
standard reference fluid, usually water at 4˚C (per liquids) and air (gases).
𝛾𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑 𝜌𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑
𝑠𝑔 = =
𝛾𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝜌𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟

IV. PROCEDURE:

1. Weigh the cylinder and denote this as your WA.

2. Pour the water into the graduated cylinder and weigh it. Denote this as WB. To obtain the value
of the weight of the water alone, subtract the weight of the cylinder with water to the weight of cylinder
alone. 𝑊𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 𝑊𝐵 − 𝑊𝐴
 Step 1 Step 2

V. DIAGRAM/SET-UP
VI. DATA/OBSERVATION/RESULTS:

The liquid used here is Water

Mass of empty Graduated Cylinder (kg) 0.195 kg
Mass of Graduated cylinder with liquid (kg) 0.790 kg
Density, (ρ) (kg/m3) 991.67 kg/m3
Unit Weight (ɣ) (N/m3) 9728.283 N/m3
Specific Gravity liquid 0.992

VII. CALCULATIONS:

𝑚𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 0.790𝑘𝑔 − 0.195𝑘𝑔 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟗𝟓𝒌𝒈

1𝐿 1𝑚3
𝑉𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 600𝑚𝐿 × × = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟔𝒎𝟑
1000𝑚𝐿 1000𝐿
𝑚 0.595 𝒌𝒈
𝜌= = = 𝟗𝟗𝟏. 𝟔𝟕 𝟑
𝑉 0.0006 𝒎
𝑘𝑔 𝑚 𝑵
𝛾 = 𝜌𝑔 = 991.67 3
× 9.81 2 = 𝟗𝟕𝟐𝟖. 𝟐𝟖𝟑 𝟑
𝑚 𝑠 𝒎
𝑁
9728.283
𝑠𝑔 = 𝑚3 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟗𝟐
𝑁
9810 3
𝑚

VIII. ANALYSIS OF RESULT:

Based on the data given above, the weight of the water was obtained from subtracting the weight
of the cylinder with water to the weight of the cylinder alone. The result has shown that the density of
water is 991.67 kg/m3 or approximately 1000 kg/m3 which are the standard density of water. The actual
value is close enough to the standard value of density of the water. As for the specific weight, the
computed unit weight is 9728.283 N/m3 which is also close to 9810 N/m3 standard unit weight of water.
The specific gravity of water that was computed was 0.992 when rounded off to a whole number yields
1 which is the specific gravity of water.
IX. CONCLUSIONS and RECOMMENDATIONS:

It is recommended that to have a even closer value of the density, specific weight and specific
gravity of the water, the volume should be precise or exact in the cylinder’s measurement. The values
obtained varied slightly on the standard values of the water due to inaccurate reading of volume of the
water.