41.

Who was that first American psychologist to work with Pavlov’s idea on classical conditioning process of
learning, but in his research, he involved human behaviors which he claimed are learned through stimulus-
response associations by conditioning?
a. B. F. Skinner b. John Watson c. E. Thorndike d. Robert Gagne
e. John Locke
42. Ms. Ramos taught her four year old son to tie his shoe lace by following sequential step. Ms. Ramos gave her
child reinforcement (reward) every time the boy performed the step until he was able to do the
entire sequence successfully. What process of learning did the boy use to learn in tying his shoe lace?
a. Classical conditioning b. Behavioral chaining c. Behavior shaping d. Positive reinforcing e.
Negative reinforcing
43. The Sign-Gestalt Learning Theory or Purposive Behaviorism of Edward Tolman explains that __________
a. an organism learns by pursuing signs (stimulus) to a goal acquired through meaningful behavior.
b. new stimulus (the sign) always corresponds to a certain response.
c. a learner learns and experiences success in learning by trial-and error.
d. an organism (learner) learns new behaviors by adapting himself to the environment he belongs.
e. a learner shapes his behavior to a more improved behavior by conditioning process.
44. What is the underlying principle of learning in the Social Learning Theory proposed by Albert Bandura?
a. That people can learn by observing the behavior of others and the outcomes of those behaviors.
b. That learning has to be represented by a permanent change in behavior.
c. That a child learns more effectively with the aid of teaching machines.
d. That modeling is not favorable in learning, hence it does not provide positive behavior change.
e. That consequences of the model’s behavior may not always affect the observer’s behavior vicariously.
45. Which is the correct sequence in modeling the behavior of others?
a. Attention – motivation – retention – motor reproduction
b. Attention - motor reproduction – retention – motivation
c. Motivation - attention - retention - motor reproduction
d. Attention - retention - motor reproduction - motivation
e. Motor chaining - attention - retention - motivation
46. What does the Gestalt’s Theory of Learning emphasize on?
a. Mental processes and perceptions are less effective in cognitive development in learning.
b. Learned behaviors can be improved by constant practice.
c. Mental processes and products of perception are basic to cognitive learning.
d. Gestalt’s process of learning is through sequential process to form meaning or idea.
e. Gestalt’s theory adhere to the idea that learning takes place by foresight and prediction.
47. How should a teacher go about a spiral curriculum as stressed by Jerome Bruner?
a. The teacher teaches the same content in different ways depending on students’ developmental level.
b. The curriculum should be organized in a spiral manner to allow students to continually build upon
what they have already
learned.
c. Instruction must be structured so that it can be easily grasped by the students.
d. a, b and c conform with the spiral curriculum
e. a, b and c do not support the idea on spiral curriculum.
48. In what representation level of learning should children learn about the world through actions on physical
objects and the outcomes of these actions?
a. Enactive representation c. Symbolic representation e. Abstract representation
b. Iconic representation d. Semi-abstract representation

49. Which of the following concepts support/s David Ausubel’s Meaningful Verbal Learning Theory?
a. Knowledge is hierarchically organized
b. Information becomes meaningful when it is related to what is already known.
c. Individuals learn large amounts of meaningful material from verbal/textual presentation.
d. b and c support Ausubel’s theory.
e. a, b and c do not support Ausubel’s theory.

50. Research says: “People tend to attribute their successes to internal causes and their failures to external causes.”
Based on this finding, what should be taught to students for them to be genuinely motivated to succeed?
a. Tell them the research finding when applied will make them genuinely motivated.
 b. Convince them to realize that genuine motivation is the only factor that matters for a person to
succeed.
c. Make them realize that both success and failure are more a function of internal causes.
d. Make them realize that failure is a part of life.
d. None of these.