BSP3E September 11, 2017

Group No. 6
Loquias, Julie Ann
Lugtu, Christine Angela
Magno, Justyne
Magtibay, Diana Louise
Marcelo, Paul Angelo
Martin, Kriztelle Joy

Exercise No. 13

ALKALOIDS

Objectives:
1. To identify the properties of plant containing alkaloids
2. To differentiate the types of alkaloids
3. To extract alkaloids from different plant sample

PLANT COMMON BOTANICAL PART USED PRINCIPAL USE

NAME ORIGIN CONSTITUENT

1. ATIS Sugar Apple Annona asiatica Leaves, bark terpenoids, dysentery, colds and fever,
Linn. flavonoids, steroids, diarrhea
saponins, and
glycosides

2. PANDAKAKI BANANA Tabernaemontana Stem, leaves terpenoids, eczema

BUSH pandacaqui Poir. flavonoids, and
anthraquinones,
alkaloids, and
terpenoids.

3. DITA WHITE Alstonia Bark, leaves alkaloids, tannins, antimicrobial, antiamoebic,

CHEESE scholaris (Linn.) R. glycosides, antidiarrheal,
WOOD Br. triterpenoids, antihypertensive,
flavonoids and antimalarial, febrifuge,
phenolic acid. stimulant, hepatoprotective,
immunomodulatory, anti-
cancer, antiasthmatic,
antioxidant, analgesic,
antiinflammatory, anti-
fertility, anti-diabetic,
cardiotonic.

4. PATATAS potato Solanum entire Toxic glycoalkaloids antioxidant, antibacterial,

tuberosum Linn. but usually in anticonvulsant, corrosive
harmless quantities in inhibition, anti-ulcer
the edible tubers properties.

5. MAKABUHAY HEAVENLY Tinospora Leaves,steam protein 4.7% (L) 1.2% cardiotonic, antioxidant,
ELIXIR crispa (L.) Hook.f. (S), fat 1.5% (L) 0.43% antidiarrheal, antimicrobial,
& Thomson (S), carbohydrate antidiabetic, antiproliferative,
11.8% (L) 19.4% (S), hypolipidemic, antimalarial,
ash 2.7% (L) 1.1% (S), antinociceptive properties.
moisture 79.3 (L)
77.9% (S), fiber 1.59%
(L) 0.65% (S).

6. CACAO Cacao Theobroma cacao Seed, beans 18% protein, 565 prevent magnesium
lipids (fat), 13.5% deficiency
carbohydrates, 1.45%
theobrommine, 0.05%
caffeine and
5% tannin

7. LANTING GUBAT Woodson Kibatalia Bark, roots, Bark contains Bark and leaves may have
macgregorii leaves. alkaloids. progesterone like effects.
 8. BUNGA ARECA NUT Areca catechu L. Kernel arecholine, choline, Antiaging. Wound
PALM arecaine, aricaidine, healing.antioxidant
catechu, guavacin and
a-catechin.

9. PAMINTA BLACK PIPER NIGRUM LEAVES, LIMONERE, STIMULANT

PEPPER LINN. FRUITS
PAMINTA PIPERENE CARMINATIVE

10. PAPAYA PAPAYA CORICA PAPAYA L. LEAVES, TANNINS ANALGESIC

FRUITS CARBOHYDRATES ANTIFUNGAL

11. TALONG-PUNAI TALONG- PATURA METEL L. LEAVES,SEED CARDIAC GLYCOSIDE ANTITUSIVE

PUNAY
FLAVONOIDS

12. CHICHIRIKA PINK CAMARANBTHUS LEAVES VOLATILE OIL ANTICANCER

PERIWIKLE ROLES

13. MAKAHIYA DAMONIA MIMOSA PUDICA LEAVES, AMINO ACIDS ANTIASTMATIC,EXPECTORANT

L. ROOTS ALKALOIDS TANNINS

14. TABAKO TABAKA Nicotina Tobacum LEAVES ALKALOIDS SEDATIVE,EXPECTORANT

15. IPIL IPIL IPIL-IPIL Leocoena Seed root Carbohydrates,tannins Anti diabetic, coffee stimulant
Leucocephola barks

RESULT OF THE IDENTIFICATION TEST FOR ALKALOIDS

DATA,COMPUTATION AND RESULTS
A. PERCENTAGE YIELDS
DATA CAFFEINE THEOBROMINE THEOPHYLLINE
WIEGHT OF THE SAMPLE 10g
WEIGHT OF THE 40.30g
EVAPORATING DISH
WEIGHT OF THE 41.30g
EVAPORATING DISH PLUS
CRYSTALS
WEIGHT OF CRYSTALS 1.g
ALONE
PERCENTAGE YEILD 10%

COMPUTATION 1/10*100= 10

CHEMICAL TEST CAFFEINE THEOBROMINE THEOPHYLLINE

A.MUREXIDE ACID Violet
B.TEST WITH ALKALOIKDS
REAGENTS

WAGNER’S REAGENT Brown

VALSER’S REAGENT No precipitate
DRAGENDORFF’S REAGENT Orange

MAYER’S REAGENT Cream

PICRIC ACID REAGENT Yellow
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTION BRIEFLY AND CLEARLY:
1. HOW DOES SCOPOLAMINE DIFFER FROM HYOSCYAMINE?
- Hyoscyamine is also known as Daturine and is one of the secondary metabolites found in the Solanaceae plant family. Hyoscine is
also called as Scopolamine. They are the two main derivatives of the plant Hyoscyamus whose botanical name is Hyoscyamus Niger.
They are one of the members of the Trophane alkaloids where as the Coca alkaloids are another set of Trophane alkaloids found in
the plant.
2. HOW LYSERGIC ACID SYNTHESIZED?
- has been synthesized via an economical 8-step route from 4-bromoindole and isocinchomeronic acid
without the need to protect the indole during the synthesis. Initial efforts to form the simpler 3-acylindole
derivatives first and then cyclize these were unsuccessful in the cyclization step.
3. WHAT ARE THE 3 MAIN GROUP OF ERGOT ALKALOIDS? WHAT ARE THEIR USES?
- clavine alkaloids,
- lysergic acids,
- lysergic acid amides,
- ergot peptide alkaloids.
4. WHAT ARE THE GENEERAL ALKALOIDAL REAGENTS? WHAT COMPOSES EACH REAGENT?

- Tannic acid, which precipitates most alkaloids, as well as some other similar substances, as white or yellowish, flocculent
compounds. They are often soluble in excess of the precipitant or in other acids.
- Picric acid, which from not too dilute solutions precipitates yellow compounds, often crystalline in form.
- Phosphomolybdic acid precipitates the alkaloids and similar nitrogenous compounds in the form of yellowish or brownish-yellow
solids. These can be filtered from the solution and the alkaloid set free from them by the alkalis and. their carbonates.
- Phosphotungstic acid acts like the phosphomolybdic in most cases.
- Mercuric potassium iodide precipitates most alkaloids from solutions of their sulfuric or hydrochloric acid salts as white or yellow
compounds.
- Iodine in potassium iodide forms brown precipitates with alkaloidal solutions.
- Mercuric chloride, platinum chloride, or gold chloride, from not too dilute solutions, throw down white or yellowish precipitates.
With dilute solutions they may only form a turbidity.

5. WHAT IS THE GENERAL PROCEDURE FOR THE EXTRACTION OG ALKALOIDS FROM PLANTS?

o Sample preparation
o Liberation of free alkaloidal base
o Extraction of alkaloidal base with organic solvent
o Purification of crude alkaloidal extract
o Fractionation of crude alkaloids
-