Section

8205
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
Specifications
How It Works
Fault Finding

W ritten In C lear
And
S im ple
E nglish

J I Case Pub 9-43566 Printed in U.S.A.

ATenneco Company January, 1983
 W A R N IN G : This s a fe ty s ym b o l is used in this m a n u al to
in d icate im p o rta n t s a fe ty messages.
A W h e n you see this sym bol, re a d th e m essage carefully.
I t is sh o w n w hen possible injury or d eath can b e caused.
H YD RAU LIC SYSTEM INTRODUCTION

IN TR OD UCTION
This section gives inform ation on specifications, how it works, and fau lt finding of the hydraulic
systems of the fo llo w in g tractors.

M odel P.I.N. N um ber

1 190 2W D from 1 10 3 0 0 0 1
1290 2W D and 4W D from 1 1050001
1390 2W D and 4W D from 1 1 120001
1490 2W D and 4W D from 1 1 180001
1690 2W D and 4W D from 1 12 1 00 0 1

A bbreviations used in this m anual:

For dim ension in inch
mm m illim etre
cm centim etre

For torque kg m kilogram m e metre

Nm Newton metre
lb ft pound foot

For volume pt pints

gal gallons
litre litres
qt quarts

For other item s 4W D 4-w heel drive

2W D 2-w heel drive
PTO Power take-off

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H YDRAU LIC SYSTEM CONTENTS

CONTENTS
SPECIAL TOOLS Page 3

SPECIFICATIONS 6

HOW IT W ORKS
Systems 11
Filters 15
Pumps 17
Oil cooler 18
A ir relief valve 20
Pressure relief valve 20
Take-off valve 21
Selectam atic control valve 22
Selector dial mechanism 27
Dump valves 28
Ram cylinder 29
Selective sensing unit 30
Three-way valve 31
Linkage support ram 32

FAULT FINDING
Removing air from system 33
System w ill not lift 35
System w ill not hold 38
System w ill not low er 40
Position control test 41
Draft control test 42
Fault finding charts 4 4 -4 5

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H YD RAU LIC SYSTEM SP EC IA L TOOLS

S P E C IA L TOOLS
The special tools shown here are necessary to check the hydraulic system correctly and efficiently
w ith the least cost and tim e.
For any other inform ation on special tools, see Technical Bulletin V 108.

W H E R E TO G E T Y O U R
S P E C IA L TO O L S
Dealers in the United Kingdom can get some of
the tools show n from the address below :
V L Churchill Limited
PO Box 3
London Road
DAVENTRY
N orthants
N N 1 1 4NF
Telephone: Daventry (032 72) 4461
Telex: 3 1 3 2 6
In other countries, except where special
arrangem ents have been made by David Brown,
contact your nearest V L Churchill distributor.

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H YDRAU LIC SYSTEM SP EC IA L TOOLS

1. OIL PRESSURE D B 9 6 0 9 8 5 , or D B 9 6 0 9 8 4 4. CONNECTOR RAM CYLINDER D B 9 6 2 2 3 9

Range: 0 To 2 80 kg /c m 2 Use when a 3-w a y valve is not fitted
Range: 0 to 4 0 0 0 lb /in 2 to connect gauge to ram cylinder on 1390,
1 49 0 and 1690 tractors

2. ADAPTOR PLATE D B 9 6 2 2 3 4
Use in place of cover on the distribution
block on tractors w ith a front mounted
pumo and no take-off valve.

FLOW METER
Make flexible pipes locally to connect the
3. UNION K 6 2 6 0 3 9 , | x f UNF flo w m eter to the tractor.
Use w ith pipe K 9 2 4 7 1 0 9-43566
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HYDRAU LIC SYSTEM SP EC IA L TOOLS

ID

CO

CM
co
cc

7. PRESSURE GAUGE ADAPTOR (Long) 10. CONNECTOR HOUSING D B 961821 for

D B 9 6 0 6 2 0 . Used w ith D B 9 6 0 9 8 4 1 190 and 1 29 0 tractors w ith o u t
on Tractors fitte d w ith a 3 -w a y valve
extended hydraulic take-off

CO
CVJ
CO
a:
11. BLANKING PLUNGER D B 9 6 1 9 7 7 for
8. SHORT ADAPTOR D B 9 6 0 6 4 6 1190 and 1 29 0 tractors
Use w ith gauge D B 9 6 0 9 8 4 Use w ith connector
plate D B 9 1 7 1 2 7

co
Tj
co
CM
CO
CL

9. CONNECTOR PLATE D B 9 1 7 1 2 7 for

1190 and 1 29 0 tractors
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HYDRAULIC SYSTEM SPEC IFIC A TIO N S

S P E C IF IC A T IO N S
L U B R IC A N T S All T ra cto rs w h e n th e Local Air
The follo w in g are the recommended lubricants T e m p e ra tu re is above —7 °C
for the selectam atic hydraulic system. The (Except Tractors w ith Tandem Hydraulic Pump
lubricant in the system must be replaced and Internal Oil Filter)
after every 8 0 0 hour period. Use one of the Am oco HD M M otor Oil 2 0 W /3 0
recommended lubricants only. BP Tractor Oil Universal
BP Vanellus M 2 0 -5 0
Do not use SAE 80EP oil w hich is used for A gricastrol MD or M ulti-use 2 0 W /3 0
hypoid rear axles. Esso Tractorlube Universal 2 0 W /3 0
Esso Unifarm
M obil and Super
Shell Rotella SX Oil 2 0 W /4 0
U N IT E D K IN G D O M
All T ractors
BP Tractor Oil Universal or BP Super T.O.U.
Agricastrol MP or M ulti-use
Esso Tractor Universal or Unifarm
Mobil Mobiland Universal
Shell Tractor Oil Universal or Super
Universal Farm Oil
Total Super Universal Farm Oil
Filtrate Maxifarm
Gulf M ultipurpose Tractor Oil 2 0 W /3 0
Carburol Tractorm aster 2 0 W /3 0

N O R T H A M E R IC A
All Tractors
Case TFD

O T H E R C O U N T R IE S
(Except United Kingdom and North America.)

T ractors w ith T andem H ydraulic Pum p

Amoco 303 fluid
BP Tractran 9
Agricastrol MD
Esso Toroue Fluid 56
M obilfluid 423
Shell Donax TD

All Tractors w h e n th e Local A ir

T em p eratu re is b e lo w —7 °C
Amoco 303 fluid
BP Tractan 9
Agricastrol MD
Esso Torque Fluid 56
M obilfluid 423
Shell Donax TD

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HYDRAU LIC SYSTEM SPECIFICA TIO N S

H Y D R A U L IC P U M P S

1 1 9 0 and 1 2 9 0 T racto rs
K 9 6 2 6 3 5 Single - rear mounted
1 3 9 0 and 1 4 9 0 T racto rs
K 949605 Single - front m ounted Plessey A33/1 7 26 8
K200916 Single - front m ounted D ow ty 1 P -3 04 4
K 9 16535 Tandem - fro nt mounted Plessey A 3 3 /2 5 /0 7 7 2 4
K 95 6 4 4 7 (1390) Tandem - front mounted D ow ty 1P-1P 3 0 4 4 -3 0 3 6
K954263 (1490) Tandem - front mounted D ow ty 1 P -3 04 4 - 1P 3 0 3 6
1 6 9 0 T ractors
K 944907 Single - fro n t m ounted Plessey A40/1 8 5 2 9
K 200337 Single - fro nt mounted D ow ty 1 P -3 06 0
K952465 Tandem - fro nt m ounted Plessey A 4 0 /3 3 - 18643
K205598 Tandem - fro nt mounted D ow ty 1P-1P 3 0 6 0 -3 0 4 4

Single Pum ps —O u tp u t
NOTE: O utputs show n are at 2 2 0 0 engine r/m in w ith a pressure o f 138 bar 13.8
kPa, 2 0 0 0 lb /in 2, and the o il tem perature at 6 2 °C (1 4 4°F ).
1190 and 1290 K 9 6 2 6 3 5 - 32.7 litre/m in (7.2 gal/m in) Plessey
1390 and 1490 K 9 4 9 6 0 5 - 34.2 litre/m in (7.5 gal/m in) Plessey
K 2 0 0 9 1 6 - 29.2 litre/m in (6.4 gal/m in) D ow ty
1690 K 9 4 4 9 0 7 - 30.9 litre/m in (6.8 gal/m in) Plessey
1690 K 2 0 0 3 3 7 - 39.7 litre/m in (8.7 gal/m in) D ow ty
T and em Pum ps —O u tp u t
13 9 0 — K 9 16 5 3 5 Front pum p 21.2 litre/m in (4.6 gal/m in)
1390 - K 9 1 6 5 3 5 Rear pum p 2 8.3 litre/m in (6.2 gal/m in)
1390 - K 9 5 6 4 4 7 Front pum p 3 0.0 litre/m in (6.6 gal/m in)
1390 - K 9 5 6 4 4 7 Rear pum p 2 5 .0 litre/m in (5.5 gal/m in)
1490 - K 9 5 4 2 6 3 Front pum p 3 0.0 litre/m in (6.6 gal/m in)
1490 - K 9 5 4 2 6 3 Rear pum p 2 5 .0 litre/m in (5.5 gal/m in)
1690 - K 9 5 2 4 6 5 Front pum p 36.3 litre/m in (8.0 gal/m in)
Plessey Rear pum p 3 0 .0 litre/m in (6.6 gal/m in)
K 2 0 5 5 9 8 Front pum p 4 0 .0 litre/m in (8.5 gal/m in)
Dowty Rear pump 3 0 .0 litre/m in (6.6 gal/m in)
NOTE: O utputs given are fo r n e w pumps. O utput o f old pum ps m ust be at least
90% o f these figures to give satisfactory operation.
T ig h tening Torques
3/8 UNF bolt: through Plessey pum p body 60 Nm (6 -0 kg m) (43-5 lb ft)
3/8 UNF bolt: through D ow ty pum p body 48 Nm (4-8 kg m) (35 lb ft)
7 /1 6 UNF nut: pum p coupling to shaft 62 Nm (6-2 kg m) (45 lb ft)

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H YDRAU LIC SYSTEM SPECIFICATIO N S

F IL T E R S
External Filter A ssem bly K 9 5 2 3 6 3 — 1 3 9 0 , 1 4 9 0 and 1 6 9 0 Tractors
Element K 94 6 0 9 5 Pall CAF 3 9 6 8 /M
Holds particles larger than 10 micron
Sucton Filter K 9 4 6 0 8 9 — 1 3 9 0 , 1 4 9 0 and 1 6 9 0 T racto rs
Suction Filter A ssem bly K 9 2 0 8 0 6 — 1 1 9 0 and 1 2 9 0 Tractors
Element for 1190 and 1290 tractors K 9 2 0 5 2 2 AC Delco 7 9 7 3 3 4
Holds particles larger than 40 micron
Valve and Screen Assem bly K920521
Opening vacuum 2 0 0 2 2 0 mm (7 8 8-7 in) Hg

Tightening Torques
5/16 UNC bolt: housing to mainframe 21 Nm (2-1 kg m) (15 lb It)
5/16 UNC bolt: cover to housing 21 Nm (2 1 kg m) (1 5 lb ft)

O IL P R E S S U R E R E L IE F V A L V E
Free length of spring 40 6 mm (1-6 in)
Rate of spring 3 7 -5 kg/cm (2 1 0 Ib/in)
Opening of pressure of valve 155 k g /c m 2 (22) Ib /in 2)

Tightening Torques
7/16 UNC bolt: valve body to mainframe 62 Nm (6 2 ky m) (45 lb ft)
3/8 UNC bolt: valve body to pipe flange 35 Nm (3 5 kg m) (25 lb ft)

A IR R E LIE F V A LV E
Free length of spring 5-6 mm (0.221 in)
Rate of spring 0 -7 5 kg/cm (4 -2 4 Ib/in)
Closing pressure of valve 2 -2 5 k g /c m 2 (32 Ib /in 2)

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H YD RAU LIC SYSTEM SPECIFICA TIO N S

S E L E C T A M A T IC V A L V E A S S E M B L Y
R elief V alve
Free length of spring 18 -6 mm (0 -7 3 in)
Rate of spring 2 1 -8 kg/cm (122 Ib/in)
Opening pressure of valve 1 7.6 k g /c m 2 (2 5 0 0 Ib /in 2)

Sensing V alve
Free length of spring 19 mm (0 -7 5 in)
Rate of spring 3 0 4 kg/cm (17 Ib/in)

L ow ering V alve
Free length of spring 3 5 -6 mm (1 -40 in)
Rate of spring 2 -3 4 kg/cm (13-2 Ib/in)

S teel Ball D iam eters

For by-pass valve
and hold valve plungers 3.2 mm (0 -1 2 5 in)

Tig h tening Torques

5/16 UNC nuts and bolts: valve body to bracket 21 Nm (2-1 kg m) (15 lb ft)
5/16 UNC bolts: valve body to pipe flange 21 Nm (2-1 kg m) (15 lb ft)

R A M C Y L IN D E R
Bore Size
1190, 1290, 1390 and 1 49 0 tractors standard 88.9 mm (3-501 in)
1190, 1290, 1390 and 1 49 0 tractors oversize 8 9 -4 3 mm (3-521 in)
1690 tractors standard 1 0 1 -6 3 mm (4-001 in)

Piston S tro k e
1 190, 1290, 1390 and 1 49 0 tractors 139 mm (5 -4 7 4 in)
1 6 90 tractors 168 mm (6 -6 2 5 in)

Piston Size
1190, 1290, 1390 and 1490 tractors standard 88- 87 mm (3 -4 9 9 in)
1190, 1290, 1390 and 1 49 0 tractors oversize 89- 38 mm (3 -5 1 9 in)
1690 tractors standard 1 0 1 -5 0 mm (3 -9 9 6 in)

T ig h tening Torques
1190, 1290, 1390 and 1 49 0 tractors
1/2 UNC bolts: cover to ram cylinder 9 0 Nm (9 kg m) (65 lb ft)
5/8 UNC bolts: ram cylinder to rear axle 194 Nm (1 9 -4 kg m) (140 lb ft)
1/2 UNC bolts: ram cylinder to rear axle 104 Nm (1 0 -4 kg m) (75 lb ft)
1/8 BSP vent valve 1 1 Nm (1-1 kg m) (8 lb ft)
16 9 0 tractors
3/8 UNC bolts: cover to ram cylinder 35 Nm (3-5 kg m) (25 lb ft)
5/8 UNC bolts: cover to ram cylinder 166 Nm (1 6 -6 kg m) (120 lb ft)

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HYDRAULIC SYSTEM SP ECIFIC A TIO N S

S U P P O R T R A M FOR T H E L IN K A G E
Rod diam eter 4 4 -4 5 mm (1 -750 in)
Stroke 2 7 9 mm (1 1 in)
Sleeve diameter 6 3 -5 8 mm (2 -5 0 3 in)
Sleeve bore diam eter 4 4 -5 0 mm (1-752 in)

S IN G L E RATE S E N S IN G U N IT
Free length of spring 108 mm (4 -2 5 0 in)
Rate of spring 1 93 0 kg/cm (1 0 8 0 0 Ib/in)
Maximum operating force compression 1 5 0 0 0 N (1 5 0 0 kg) (3 3 00 lb)
Maximum operating force tension 6 2 5 0 N (625 kg) (1 3 50 lb)

S E L E C T IV E S E N S IN G U N IT
Free length of strong spring 7 0 -6 4 mm (2-781 in)
Rate of strong spring 37 50 kg/cm (2 1 0 0 0 Ib/in
Free length of weak spring 5 6 -3 6 mm (2 -2 1 9 in)
Rate of weak spring 1930 kg/cm (1 0 8 0 0 Ib/in)

M axim u m O perating Forces

Light draught / compression 9 0 7 0 N (907 kg) (2 0 0 0 lb)
\ tension 4 7 8 0 N (478 kg) (1 100 lb)
Medium draught / compression 1 3 6 0 0 N (1 3 6 0 kg) (3 0 0 0 lb)
\ tension 7 2 5 0 N (725 kg) (1 6 0 0 lb)
Heavy draught / compression 2 7 2 1 0 N (2721 kg) (6 0 0 0 lb)
\ tension 1 4 9 6 0 N (1 4 9 6 kg) (3 3 0 0 lb)

Tightening Torques
3/8 UNC bolt: end plate to housing 42 Nm (4-2 kg m) (30 lb ft)
1/2 UNC bolt: housing to PTO unit 105 Nm (10 5 kg m) (75 lb ft)

T H R E E -W A Y V A LV E
3/8 UNC bolts: valve body to ram cylinder 35 Nm (3-5 kg m) (25 lb ft)
Connections for take-off pipes 3 /4 UNF nut

T A K E -O F F V A L V E
T hrow -out pressure 158 k g /c m 2 (2 2 5 0 Ib /in 2)
3/8 UNC bolts: valve body to distribution block 35 Nm (3-5 kg m) (25 lb ft)
Connections fo r take-off pipes 3 /4 UNF nuts

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HYD RAU LIC SYSTEM HOW IT W O RKS

H Y D R A U L I C S Y S T E M W I T H A RE A R
MOUNTED PUMP

n
(D
h-
CE

SYSTEM WITH REAR MOUNTED PUMP

A. Suction filte r H. Ram cylinder
B. Pump J. Ram shaft
C. Pressure re lie f valve K. 3 -w a y valve
D. Connector plate L. External ram (single acting)
E. Take-off valve M. No. 2 ta ke -o ff p o in t (single acting)
F. External rams (double acting) N. Control lever
G. Selectam atic valve

H o w it w o rk s The oil goes first to the take-off valve 'E' (if

In this system the hydraulic pum p is fitted to fitted) on top of the rear axle case, and then to
the back of the rear axle between the axle and the selectam atic valve.
the PTO unit. The pum p is driven by the PTO If a take-off valve is fitte d :
input shaft, and is operating only when the PTO
clutch is engaged. When the lever of the take-off valve is in neutral
(centre) position, all the oil goes to the selects
The pressure relief valve 'C' for the system is m atic valve.
fitted on top of the pump.

The pump 'B' lifts the oil from the transm ission
reservoir through a full flo w filte r 'A'. The pump
pushes the oil through a pipe to the connector
plate 'D' on top of the rear axle case on the
right-hand side.

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H YD RAU LIC SYSTEM HOW IT W O R KS

When the lever of the take -o ff valve is moved

forward or backward from the neutral position
all the oil flo w goes through the take-off valve
to external equipment.

If a take-off valve is not fitte d all the oil goes to

the selectam atic valve G and then to the ram
cylinder 'H ' and 3-w ay valve 'K' (if fitted).

If a 3-w ay valve is fitted the oil flow can be used

to operate the linkage and supply external
equipm ent at the same tim e w ith the lever in
the L/l position. The other positions give linkage
operation only or external supply only.

If equipm ent is being used where a continuous

supply of oil is needed then extra oil m ust be
added to the reservoir.

The system supplies oil to lubricate the upper

bearings of the transm ission. If the oil becomes
low the supply w ill be reduced or stop and the
transmission w ill be damaged.

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HYDRAU LIC SYSTEM HOW IT W O RKS

H Y D R A U L IC S Y S T E M - W IT H A F R O N T
MOUNTED PUMP
H O W IT W O R K S
Tractors w ith a S ingle
H ydraulic Pum p
The system uses the transm ission oil. The oil is
taken from the reservoir in the main frame
through a suction strainer 'A' to the hydraulic
pump 'B'. The pum p pushes the oil through the
external filte r ‘C to the distribution block 'D'.
the selectam atic valve. The Selectam atic valve
w ill send oil to the ram cylinder 'H ' and the
three-w ay valve 'J \
W hen the lever for the live take -o ff valve is not
in the neutral position oil w ill not flo w to the
selectam atic valve. The oil w ill only flo w to
external equipm ent connected to the live take­
o ff valve.

When the lever for the live take-off valve is in An oil cooler 'L' is fitte d only to Hydra-Shift
the neutral (centre) position, the oil w ill flo w to tractors.

SELECTAMATIC HYDRAULIC SYSTEM FOR TRACTORS W ITH SINGLE HYDRAULIC PUMP

A. Suction filte r J. Three-way valve
B. Hydraulic pum p K. External ram
C. External filte r L. 0/7 cooler
D. D istribution block M. A ir re lie f valve
E. Take-off valve N. R e lie f valve
F. External ram 0. Take-off p o rt
G. Selectam atic valve P. Lubrication pipes
H. Ram cylinder Q. R am shaft

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HYDRAULIC SYSTEM HOW IT W O R K S

H O W IT W O R K S connected to the take-off valve when the

Tractors w ith a T an d em pum ps are used separately.
Hydraulic Pum p (b) A com bining valve is fitted in the d istrib u ­
This system is the same as for single hydraulic tion block. W ith the control pushed in, the
pump except: o utp ut from the tw o pum ps goes to the take-off
(a) Two pumps are used in a single unit valve only. The oil w ill not go through the exter­
(tandem pump). The pum ps can be used nal filte r or the distribution block. No oil goes to
separately or together. the ram cylinder.

When used separately one pum p is used to
supply oil to the ram cylinder and the other
pump is used to supply oil to the take-off valve.
The oil going to the take-off valve does not go
through the external pressure filte r or the
distribution block. The linkage system can be
used at the same tim e as external equipm ent
(c) Tw o pressure relief valves are fitted , one for
each of the tw o pum ps in the unit.
(d) On 13 9 0 and 14 9 0 tractors, the fro n t pump
supplies oil to the ram cylinder and the rear
pum p supplies oil to the take -o ff valve. On
1 6 9 0 tra ctor the front pum p supplies the take­
o ff valve and the rear pum p the ram cylinder.

HYDRAULIC SYSTEM FOR TRACTORS W ITH A TANDEM HYDRAULIC PUMP

A. Suction filte r K. Flam cylinder
B. Hydraulic pum p fo r 1390 and 1 49 0 tractors L. Three-way valve
C. Hydraulic pum p fo r 1690 tra ctor M . External ram
D. Combining valve N. OH cooler
E. External valve 0 . A ir re lie f valve
F. D istribution block P. Pressure re lie f valve
G. Take-off valve Q. Take-off p o rt
H. External ram R. Lubrication pipes.
J. Selectam atic valve S. Ram shaft

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H YD RAU LIC SYSTEM
H Y D R A U L IC O IL FILTE R S
Two different filte rin g systems are used in the
90 series tractors. Tractors fitte d w ith a rear
mounted pum p (1 190 and 1290) have a metal
screen fitte d w ith a magnet and a replaceable
paper filte r on the suction side of the pump.
SUCTION FILTER FOR TRACTORS W ITH A REAR MOUNTED PUMP
A. Suction pipe D. O-ring
B. Paper filte r elem ent E. M agnet
C. By-pass valve and screen F. H ousing
H O W IT W O R K S
The suction filte r is fitte d under the main fram e
for the transm ission. It is connected to the suc­
tion side of the hydraulic pum p by an internal
pipe.
The parts of the filte r are assembled as shown
above. The oil flo w s from the transm ission
reservoir into the filte r housing and through the
paper element. W hen the elem ent gets d irty the
oil w ill not flo w through it. W hen this happens
9 -4 3 5 6 6
15
HOW IT W ORKS
Tractors w ith a fro n t mounted pump (1390.
1490 and 1690) have a fine metal filte r on the
suction side and a replaceable paper filte r on
the pressure side of the pump.
the pum p causes a vacuum in the suction pipe.
The vacuum pulls the by-pass valve o ff its seat.
Oil w ill now flo w through the metal screen and
past the m agnet tow ards the pump. The valve
opens at 0 .2 8 k g /c m 2. A vacuum sw itch is
fitted in the other end of the suction pipe. When
the pressure in the suction pipe decreases to
0 .2 8 k g /c m 2, the sw itch actuates a yellow light
on the instrum ent panel. This tells the operator
to install a new paper element.
0 .2 8 k g /c m 2 — 4 Ib /in 2 j
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM HOW IT W O RKS

H O W IT W O R K S
The pressure oil filte r is fitted behind the rear
axle on the right-hand side. It is fitte d in the
system between the hydraulic pum p o utle t and
the distribution block. The parts of the filte r are
assembled as shown above. The oil flo w s into
the filte r bow l, through the paper elem ent and
out of the pressure pipe tow ards the distribution
block. W hen the elem ent gets dirty the oil w ill
not flo w through it. The pressure of the oil in the
bow l w ill increase and open a relief valve fitte d
SUCTION FILTER FITTED TO TRACTORS
to the filte r head. The oil then flo w s to the
WITH A FRONT MOUNTED PUMP
distribution block w ith o u t going through the
A. M e ta l elem ent D. F ilte r housing
paper element. This w ill result in damage to the
B. O-ring E. D raining plug
system. The filte r m ust be changed at the
C. Gasket F. O utlet to pum p
correct service intervals.
H O W IT W O R K S
A metal suction screen is used when a pressure
filte r is fitted. It is fitte d under the main frame
for the transmission. The filte r is connected to
the suction side of the pum p by an external
pipe. When the engine is running the hydraulic
pump takes oil from the transm ission reservoir.
The oil goes through the suction screen into the
suction pipe and the pump. The screen stops all
the large particles of dirt getting into the
system.

T H E P R E S S U R E F I L T E R F I T T E D TO
TRACTORS WITH A FRONT MOUNTED PUMP
A. O-ring D. B o w l
B. Backup ring E. F ilter head
C. Element

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H YD RAU LIC SYSTEM HOW IT W O RKS

H Y D R A U L IC P U M P
H O W IT W O R K S
The front mounted pum p is driven through a
shaft connected to the fro n t of the engine
crankshaft. The rear mounted pum p is driven by
the input shaft of the PTO unit.

Oil enters the inlet side of the pum p and moves

round the outside of the rotors between the
teeth and is pushed out of the pum p outlet.

The shafts of the rotors run in bearings which

are close to the sides of the rotors and make a
seal w ith the rotors. If the clearance between
the rotors and bearings increases, oil w ill flo w
between the rotors and the bearings. This w ill
decrease the efficiency of the pump. There is a
small space between the bearings and the
pump body. O-rings are used to make a seal
between the bearings and the pum p body.
Some of the oil from the o utle t side is supplied
through drillings to the space between the bear­
ings and the body. This makes the pressure HYDRAULIC PUMP
each side of the bearing equal w hich stops the A. Pum p body X. Inlet
bearings being pushed outwards. B. Rotors Z. O utlet

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 H YDRAU LIC SYSTEM HOW IT W O R KS

H Y D R A U L IC O IL COOLER
NOTE: The oil cooler is only fitte d to Hydra-
S hift tractors.

H O W IT W O R K S
The hydraulic oil cooler is fitte d between the
hydraulic pump and the external pressure filte r
in the system. The cooler is fitte d in fro n t o f the
engine radiator on the tractor. There are tw o
valves which control the flo w of the oil through
the oil cooler. One is operated by the operator
the other by the system pressure.

CONTROL AND FLOW VALVE OPEN

A. H ydraulic pum p C. C ontrol valve
B. H ydraulic o il cooler D. F lo w rate

CONTROL VALVE CLOSED

A. Hydraulic pum p C. C ontrol valve
B. Hydraulic o il cooler D. F lo w valve

The oil from the reservoir is pushed through the

pump tow ards the cooler control valve. W hen
the knob for the control valve is pulled out, the
valve is closed. No oil w ill flo w to the oil cooler.

When the knob is pushed in, the oil w ill flo w to

the flo w valve. If the pressure o f the oil is less
than kg /c m 2, the spring in the valve w ill hold
the plunger off its seat. Oil w ill flo w through the
cooler to the inlet side of the pump. The gap CONTROL V AL V E OPEN, F L O W V AL VE
between the plunger and its seat is small. Only CLOSED
part of the oil from the pum p w ill flo w through A. H ydraulic pum p C. C ontrol valve
the oil cooler. The other com ponents in the B. H ydraulic o il cooler D. F lo w rate
system w ill operate as normal.
W hen the pressure of the oil is more than 56
k g /c m 2, the oil w ill push the plunger on to its
seat. No oil w ill flo w through the cooler.

56 k g /c m 2 = 8 0 0 Ib /in 2

9 -4 3 5 6 6
18

i
 H YD RAU LIC SYSTEM HOW IT W O RKS

R 82-338

CONTROL AND FLOW VALVE ASSEMBLY

FOR THE HYDRAULIC OIL COOLER
_ A. C ontrol valve B. F lo w rate

9 -4 3 5 6 6
19

■
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM HOW IT W O R KS

A I R R E L IE F V A L V E O I L P R E S S U R E R E L IE F
NOTE: The air re lie f valve is only fitte d on VALVE
tractors w ith a front m o unted pump.

D F G

AIR RELIEF VALVE OPEN

\. Plug E. Seat
B. 'O' ring F. Washer
C. Spring G. B all PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE CLOSED
D. Plunger A. Seat D. Spring
B. P lunger E. Shims
C. Cap X. In le t
Z

AIR RELIEF VALVE CLOSED CD

H O W IT W O R K S
A air relief valve is fitte d in the system between
the hydraulic pum p and the oil pressure relief
valve. It is used to remove any air from the
system. A steel ball is held o ff its seat by a
plunger and spring. The seat has a small hole in
its side which perm its air to pass into the
reservoir. When the tractor engine is running,
the oil and any air in the system is pushed into
the valve. The air, which has little pressure goes
past the steel ball, through the hole in the seat
and into the reservoir. The oil, w hich has pre­
ssure pushes the steel ball on to its seat. Each
time the engine stops, the pressure o f the oil
decreases and the steel ball is pushed o ff its
seat by the spring.
NOTE: When changing the o il in the system use
the procedure on Page 33 fo r rem oving air from
the system.
■c
O )
f'-
cr
PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE OPEN
X. In le t z. O u tle t
H O W IT W O R K S
To prevent the oil pressure increasing to a
dangerous level when there is little or no flo w , a
relief valve is fitted. This consists of a plunger
and spring. W hen the oil pressure is more than
the spring pressure, the plunger is pushed o ff its
seat and oil flo w s into the transm ission housing.
The m axim um oil pressure is controlled by the
relief valve spring. The spring pressure can be
adjusted by adding or subtracting shims E.

9 -4 3 5 6 6
20
HYDRAU LIC SYSTEM HOW IT W O RKS

H Y D R A U L IC TA K E -O FF VALVE
H O W IT W O R K S
The take-off valve is fitte d on top o f the rear
axle case on the right-hand side. If tw o o utle t
ports are needed, tw o valves can be fitted , one
on top of the other. The parts are assembled as
shown. When the engine is running, the pum p
pushes oil through the filte r to the distribution
block.
If the operating level for the valve is in the
neutral (centre) position, the oil w ill flo w to the
selectam atic valve. W hen the operating lever is
moved forw ard the oil w ill flo w as show n by
arrows. Port 'A' is the o utle t port taking oil to
the external equipment. Port 'B' is the inlet port
returning oil to the valve.
A th ro w -o u t m echanism is fitte d to the valve
spool. If the operating lever is moved fully in
either direction, a detent inside the valve holds
the valve spool in this position. W hen the the
ram cylinder on the external equipm ent reaches
the end of its travel, the oil pressure in the valve
increases. This moves a piston in the valve
w hich releases the valve spool from the detent.
The valve spool and operating lever w ill now
return to the neutral position.
A non-return valve is fitte d to the take-off valve.
W hen the engine stops the non-return valve
closes. This w ill keep the pressure in the outlet
pipe constant. An external ram connected to the
valve w ill stay in position.

TAKE-OFF VALVE W ITH THE OPERATING LEVER IN THE NEUTRAL POSITION

A. O utlet p o rt B- In le t p o rt C- T hrow -out m echanism D. N on-return valve

A
f
B

1 / /
-----------------7 \
-------- ►

1
'v A. ,

IN
r--
co
cc

TAKE-OFF VALVE W ITH THE OPERATING LEVER FULLY FORWARD

A. O utlet p o rt B. In le t p o rt E. D e ten t b all F. Piston G. Spool

9 -4 3 5 6 6
21
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM HOW IT W O R KS

S E L E C T A M A T IC C O N T R O L VALVE
H O W IT W O R K S are seven different valves in the body. The three
The selectam atic control valve is fitte d inside main valves are, the by-pass valve A, hold valve
the rear axle case on the right-hand side. There B and the spool valve C.

SELECTAMATIC CONTROL VALVE

A. By-pass valve E. H o ld re lie f valve
B. H o ld valve F. A djusting shim
C. S pool valve G. Sensing valve
D. N on-return valve H. Rate o f low ering valve

9-43566
22
H YD RAU LIC SYSTEM HOW IT W O RKS

T h e B y-P ass V a lv e
The parts of the by-pass valve are assembled as
shown. The plunger is held on its seat by a
weak spring. W hen the oil reaches the valve, it
pushes the plunger off its seat. Some o f the oil
flo w s through the hole in the plunger and out of
port D tow ards the spool valve. In the 'RAISE'
position the spool valve closes the port. W hen
the port is closed the pressure o f oil increases
above the plunger and pushes against the
plunger. W hen the pressure o f oil is equal on
both sides of the plunger the spring w ill close
the valve. W hen the spool valve opens the port,
the pressure of oil above the plunger decreases
and the plunger is pushed o ff its seat.

BY-PASS VALVE
A. Valve open D. Port to spool valve
B. Valve d o se d E. O utlet
C. P lunger F. Inlet
The H old V alv e
The parts of the hold valve are assembled as
shown. The valve w orks in the same w ay as the
by-pass valve. The only difference is th a t a steel
ball is fitted in the plunger. It is used as a non­
return valve to stop oil flo w in g dow n through
the plunger from its port.

T h e Spool V alv e
This valve controls the by-pass and hold valves.
It is connected to the quadrant lever. W hen the
lever is moved to the 'RAISE' position, the spool
valve closes the ports from both the by-pass
and hold valves. The oil pressure above and
below the valves becomes equal and the spr­
ings close the valves. The oil pushes the non­ A. In le t D. Plunger
return valve 'D', off its seat and, then flo w s to B. O utlet E. Seat
the ram cylinder and raises the linkage. C. P ort to spool valve F. Spring

SPOOL VALVE POSITION

WHEN THE Q UANDRANT LEVER
IS IN THE 'RAISE' POSITION
A. Spool valve
B. By-pass valve
C. H o ld valve
D. N on-return valve
E. R elief valve
F. Inlet
G. O utlet
H. To ram cylinder

9-43566
23
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM HOW IT W O R KS

When the quandrant lever is in the 'HO LD' posi­
tion, the spool valve opens the port from the by­
pass valve only. The hold valve is held on its
seat. The oil flow s past the by-pass valve and
out of port J to the oil reservoir. There is a
decrease in the pressure o f oil at the non-return
valve and the spring in the valve pushes the
plunger against its seat. No more oil goes to the
ram cylinder and no oil w ill drain out o f the
cylinder. The linkage w ill stay in position.

SPOOL VALVE POSITION WHEN THE

QUADRANT LEVER IS IN THE
'HOLD' POSITION
A. Spool valve
B. By-pass valve
C. H old valve
D. Non-return valve
E. R elief valve
F. Inlet
G. O utlet
H. To ram cylinder
J. Outlet, by-pass valve
K. Outlet, spool valve

When the quadrant lever is in the 'LOWER'
position, the spool valve opens the by-pass and
hold valve ports. Both valve plungers are
pushed off the seats. Oil from the pum p flo w s
past the by-pass valve and out of port J. The
w e ig ht o f the linkage pushes the piston into the
ram cylinder. The oil in the cylinder is pushed
past the hold valve and o ut of port G. The non­
return valve D stays closed.

SPOOL VALVE POSITION WHEN THE

QUADRANT LEVERS IS IN THE
'LOWER' POSITION
A. S pool valve
B. By-pass valve
C. H o ld valve
D. Non-return valve
E. R elief valve
F. Inlet
G. O utlet
H. To ram cylinder
J. Outlet, by-pass valve
K. Outlet, spool valve

9 -4 3 5 6 6
24
H YD RAU LIC SYSTEM HOW IT W O RKS

IM on-Return V a lv e
This valve is fitte d between the by-pass valve
and hold valve in the body. It is used to let the
oil flo w to the ram cylinder but stops oil return­
ing to the body. The plunger is held on its seat
by a spring, also when:
(a) there is w eight on the linkage;
(b) the by-pass valve is open (quadrant lever in
'HOLD' or ‘ LOWER' position);
(c) the ram cylinder is full of oil;
(d) the pum p is not working.
The plunger is pushed o ff its seat when the by­
pass valve is closed (quadrant lever in 'RAISE'
position).

NON-RETURN VALVE
A. S pool valve E. R e lie f valve
B. By-pass valve F. In le t
C. H o ld valve G. O utlet
D. N o n -re turn valve H. To ram cylinder

H old R e lie f V a lv e
A relief valve is fitte d in the port between the
hold valve and spool valve. It is used to relieve
high oil pressure between the ram cylinder, hold
valve, and spool valve. This occurs when you
transport a heavy im plem ent connected to the
linkage, over rough ground. W hen the oil pre­
ssure increases, the relief valve opens and oil
flow s out. This makes the oil pressure in the
port less than that on the other side of the hold
valve. The plunger is then pushed o ff its seat.
When the oil pressure decreases enough the
relief and hold valves close.

C. H o ld valve

9-43566
25
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM HOW IT W O R KS

The Sensing V alve M

This valve is fitted in the body as shown. It is
used to actuate the by-pass valve fo r a small
movement of the spool valve. W hen the spool
valve is moved a small am ount across the port,
the increase in oil pressure w ill close the sens­
ing valve. The pressure between the by-pass
valve and sensing valve w ill increase and the
by-pass valve w ill close rapidly.

As soon as the oil pressure on the sensing valve

decreases, the valve w ill open. The oil from the
by-pass valve w ill flo w and the by-pass valve
w ill open. The sensing valve makes the by-pass
valve open and close fast. If the m ovem ent is
not fast, there w ill be damage to the hydraulic
pump.
The R ate o f L o w ering V alv e
This valve is controlled by the position of the
lowering control. If the control is turned coun­
ter clockwise, it causes a restriction in the oil
flo w and increases the oil pressure in the port.

The plunger of the rate of low ering valve is

pushed against its spring. The port from the
hold valve is norm ally opposite a hole in the
plunger. When the plunger is pushed against its
spring the holes are not opposite. This causes a
restriction in the flo w o f oil from the port. The
linkage w ill low er slowly.

H7657
When the control is turned clockwise, the hole
in the plunger and port align. There is no restric­
tion of oil and the linkage w ill lower rapidly.

M. Sensing valve

RATE OF LOWERING VALVE

C. H old valve
E. Relief valve
G. O utlet
H. Ram cylinder
N. Rate o f low ering valve
O. Rate o f low ering control

9-43566
26
H YD RAU LIC SYSTEM HOW IT W O RKS

SELECTOR D IA L M E C H A N IS M
H O W IT W O R K S
The selector dial m echanism is fitte d inside the
right-hand ram shaft bracket. It is used to
change the controls fo r the selectam atic valve.
To select a new position on the selector dial do
the follo w in g:
(a) move the quadrant lever to the 'SELECT'
position;
(b) turn the dial lever to one o f the positions
then release the quadrant lever.
When the dial lever is in the 'DRAFT' position
the rocker lever 'B' is against the spool valve.
The other end of the rocker lever is connected
to the cable o f the draft sensing unit. W hen the
cable moves, the rocker lever changes the posi­
tion o f the spool valve. This w ill actuate the
other valves in the valve body and keep the
im plem ent at the correct depth.
M oving the dial lever from the 'DRAFT' position
w ill move the rocker lever away from the spool
valve. The linkage w ill now be controlled by the
quadrant lever only.

SELECTOR DIAL M ECHANISM

A. D ia l lever E. Guide bracket
B. R ocker lever F. B o lt
C. R am shaft bracket G. N u t
D. Cam H. S electam atic valve

9 -4 3 5 6 6
27
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM HOW IT W O R KS

D U M P VALVE
H O W IT W O R K S
A dum p valve can be fitte d in the hydraulic
system. It is used to make the low ering o f the
linkage rapid when there is little or no w e ig ht
connected or perm it a tiltin g trailer to low er
quicker when empty. Tw o different types of
dump valve are fitted, according to the tractor
model.
11 9 0 , 1 2 9 0 , 1 3 9 0 and 1 4 9 0
TRACTO RS
On these tractors, the dum p valve is fitte d on
top of the hold valve. W hen the knob is pushed
down, the spring in the hold valve is put in com ­
pression. In this position the hold valve w ill
w ork normally. The knob m ust be turned to
keep the spring in compression. To use the
dump valve, turn the knob and pull it up. This
w ill release the spring. The pressure o f the oil
from the ram cylinder w ill now push the plunger
for the hold valve o ff its seat. The linkage w ill
lower rapidly w ith little or no w e ig h t connected.

D U M P VALVE 1190. 1290. 1390 A N D 1490

A. Knob D. Valve d o s e d
B. Spring E. Valve open
C. H o ld valve

1690 TR A C TO R S
The dum p valve on 1 6 9 0 tractors is fastened to
the front end of the ram cylinder. W hen the
knob is pushed down, the dum p port is closed.
The hydraulic system w ill w ork norm ally when
the plunger is in this position. W hen the knob is
pulled up, the dump port is open. Oil from the
ram cylinder w ill now flo w through the dum p
port and past the plunger. The oil pressure in
the ram cylinder w ill decrease and the linkage
w ill lower rapidly. The oil does not have to flo w
through the selectam atic valve. The quadrant
lever can be in any position. W hen the dum p
port is open the linkage w ill low er w ith little or
no w eight connected.

W A R (VII IMG: N e v e r use the dum p

valve to lo w e r the linkage or
* trailer w hen loaded. The re su lt
A w ill be dam age to the e q u ip m en t
a n d possible serious injury or
death.
DUM P VALVE FOR 1 6 9 0 TRACTORS
A. Knob C. Valve d ose d
B. P lunger D. Valve open

9-43566
28
HYDRAU LIC SYSTEM
R A M C Y L IN D E R
H O W IT W O R K S
The ram cylinder is fitte d inside the case fo r the
rear axle on the left-hand side. W hen the
quadrant lever is in the 'RAISE' position, oil w ill
flow to the ram cylinder. Oil enters the ram
cylinder at the port 'A'. The pressure of the oil
pushes the piston ‘B’ along the cylinder. The
connecting link 'C' turns the ram shaft arm 'D'
which raises the linkage. W hen the quadrant
lever is in the 'HOLD' position, no oil w ill go to
or from the ram cylinder. The linkage w ill stay in
position. W hen the quadrant lever is in the
RAM CYLINDER - EARLY 1 190, 1290, 1 39 0 and
A. In le t p o rt
B. Piston
C. Connecting link
NOTE: The ram shaft lock E is n ot fitte d
tractors.
9-43566
29
HOW IT W O R KS
LOWER' position, the w e ig h t of the linkage
pushes the piston in the opposite direction. The
oil is pushed out of the cylinder and through the
selectam atic valve.
A locking pin is fitte d on early 90 tractors only,
to hold the linkage in its highest position. When
the piston reaches the end of its stroke, the
ram shaft arm goes over the end of the locking
pin 'E'. If the lever 'F' is pushed down, the pin
w ill engage and hold the ram shaft arms in posi­
tion.
1 49 0 TRACTORS
D. R am shaft arm
E. Locking pin
F. Lever
to la ter
H YDRAU LIC SYSTEM HOW IT W O R K S

S E L E C T IV E S E N S I N G U N I T
H O W IT W O R K S W hen the lever is in the 'M E D IU M DRAFT'
The selective sensing unit has three different position, the thrust w asher on the left-hand end
settings for sensing heavy, m edium and light w ill slide on to the carrier. This w ill compress
draft. The unit uses tw o springs, having the strong spring A on the left-hand end. The
different strengths. Both or either one of the slots of the other thrust w asher are not opposite
springs are used according to the position of the the splines on the carrier. The thrust w asher w ill
control lever. The parts of the sensing unit are not slide on to the carrier to compress the weak
shown below. spring B.

When the lever F is in the 'HEAVY DRAFT' posi­
tion, both springs are used. The thrust washers
C w ill slide on to the ends of the carrier E. This
w ill perm it the shaft m ovem ent to compress
both springs.
The weak spring B on the right-hand side w ill
be compressed when the lever is in the 'LIGHT
DRAFT' position. In this position the thrust
washer on the left-hand end w ill not go on the
carrier. The strong spring A on the left-hand end
w ill not be compressed.

SELECTIVE SENSING UNIT

A. Strong spring D. S haft
B. Weak spring E. Carrier
C. Thrust washers F. C ontrol lever

9-43566
30
H YD RAU LIC SYSTEM HOW IT W O RKS

T H R E E -W A Y VALVE
H O W IT W O R K S
The three-w ay valve is fitte d on to the end of
the ram cylinder. It is between the selectam atic
valve and ram cylinder in the system. A lever is
connected to the spool in the valve and can be
moved into fo u r different positions, 1 ,2 , L and
LA
When the lever is in the position ' 1 t he oil flo w
is as shown. Oil enters the valve at the inlet port
'A', and leaves from the num ber 1 (top) take-off
port. No oil w ill flo w to the ram cylinder. The

R 79175
quadrant lever w ill not actuate the linkage when
the spool is in this position.
LEVER IN LEVER IN
When the spool is in position '2 ' the oil leaves THE "T POSITION THE '2 ' POSITION
the valve from the num ber 2 (bottom ) take-off
port. No oil w ill flo w to the ram cylinder.

The spool closes both the take -o ff ports when

the lever is in the 'L' (linkage) position. The oil
flo w s out o f the valve through the o u tle t port 'B'
to the ram cylinder. The quadrant lever w ill
actuate the linkage. Any equipm ent attached to
the three-w ay valve w ill stay in position.

When the lever is in the 'L /T position, oil w ill

flo w to both the num ber 1 take -o ff port and the

R 79 177
ram cylinder. The quadrant lever w ill actuate
the tractor linkage and equipm ent connected to
the num ber 1 take -o ff port.
LEVER IN LEVER IN
THE 'L' POSITION THE V Y POSITION

9 -4 3 5 6 6
31
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM HOW IT W O R K S

S U P P O R T R A M FOR T H E L I N K A G E
H O W IT W O R K S
The support ram is used as a support fo r the B
linkage when using heavy im plem ents on 1490
tractors. A larger ram cylinder and ram shaft
assembly are fitted to 1690 tractors. These
parts are strong enough to lift heavy im ple­
ments. The support ram is fastened to the right-
hand lift arm and drawbar frame.
%
A pipe connects the support ram to the num ber
1 (top) take-off port on the three-w ay valve.
When the control lever for the three-w ay valve
is in the L/1 position, the ram cylinder and
support ram w ill work together.

SUPPORT RAM FOR THE LINKAGE

A. B o lt C. S upport ram
B. B o lt D. Life arm

9 -4 3 5 6 6
32
H YD RAU LIC SYSTEM FAULT FINDING

FAULT F IN D IN G
Before doing any checks on the hydraulic
system remove all d irt from around all the
hydraulic components.
Make sure the special tools and all couplings
are clean before connecting any pipes or
gauges.
Dirt is one of the main causes of faults on the
hydraulic system.
If repairs have been done to the system , check
the follo w in g points before doing any tests.
(a) Make sure the system has been filled w ith
the correct oil to the correct level.
(b) M a ke su re th e o il is a t o p e ra tin g
tem perature. To do this, select EXTERNAL on S TE P 2. Select 'DRAFT' or 'POSITION' on
the selector dial. Run the engine at 1 8 0 0 r/min. the selector dial.
Push the quadrant lever fully forw ard to LOWER
NOTE: The selector dial m ust not be in the
and hold it there for 1 5 minutes. DO NOT hold
EXTERNAL position, i f it is, the pum p w ill be
the quadrant lever rearward in the 'SELECT'
damaged.
position. This w ill put air in the system and also
damage the pump.
NOTE: On early 9 0 series tractors there is no
EXTERNAL position on the selector dial so use
POSITION.
(c) M ake sure that there is no air in the system.
See the follo w in g procedure.

TO R E M O V E A I R F R O M T H E
HYDR A U LIC SYSTEM

S TE P 3. Push the q u a d ra n t lever fu lly

forw ard to LOWER.

STEP1. Put the tra ctor on level ground.

Make sure that the level of transm ission oil is
correct. Add more oil if the level is low.

STEP 4. Disconnect the pump o utle t pipe at

the pressure relief valve. Put a clean container
below the o u tle t of the pressure relief valve.

9-43566
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HYDRAULIC SYSTEM FAU LT FINDING

STEP 5. Put the engine stop control into S TE P 7. The take-off valve (if fitted). Discon­
STOP' position. Turn the starter key to the nect the o u tle t pipe, then move the operating
START' position. Hold the starter key in this valve forw ard from the neutral position. Operate
position until the oil flo w in g from the pressure the starter until the oil is air free. Then connect
relief valve is free of air. Turn the starter key to the pipe and tighten.
the 'OFF' position.
Connect the outlet pipe to the pressure relief
valve. Use the same method to remove air at
the follow ing points in sequence:

S T E P 6. The by-pass and hold valves.

Remove the cover over the valves. Turn the
plugs for the valves counter clockwise until the
small hole in the side of the plugs is clear of the
bore. Operate the starter until the oil is air free,
then tighten the plugs.

CM
^ CO
f i l QC

S TE P 8. The three -w ay valve (if fitted).

Disconnect the pipe from the num ber 1 (top)
port. Put the operating lever into the T position.
Operate the starter until the oil is air free, then
connect the pipe and tighten.

9 43566
34
H YD RAU LIC SYSTEM FAULT FINDING

S TE P 9. The air screw on the ram cylinder.

On 1690 tractors operate the dum p valve to
remove air at this point. On the other models
put the lever for the three-w ay valve into the 'L'
position. Turn the air screw counterclockw ise,
operate the starter until air free oil flo w s from it
then tighten the screw.
T H E S Y S T E M W I L L N O T L IF T
Use the follo w in g procedure to find the cause:

STEP 3. Make sure tha t the dum p valve (if

fitted) is closed.

STEP 1 . Select 'D R A FT or 'POSITION' on

the selector dial.

S TE P 4 . Make sure the valve for the oil

cooler (if fitted ) is closed (valve pulled out).

S TE P 2. Start the engine, then move the

quadrant lever rearward to RAISE until it is
against the quadrant spring.

9-43566
35
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM FAULT FINDING

.... | V. .......................... ' ” CO

CO

J jik *■ ' CO
11
STEPS. Make sure tha t the lever fo r the
three-way valve (if fitted) is in the 'L' or L/1
position.

STEP 6. Make sure that the lever fo r the live

take-off valve (if fitted) is in the neutral (centre)
position.

S TE P 8. Check the o utput pressure from the

hydraulic pum p as follow s.
Tractors w ith a rear m ounted hydraulic pump
(1 1 9 0 and 1290), w ith o u t a take-off valve
fitted.
(a) Remove the connector plate K 9 1 7 1 2 7 .
(b) Install the special plunger K 9 6 1 9 7 7 in the
rear tube.
(c) Install the connector plate.
STEP 7. Make sure that the transm ission oil (d) Install a 0 -2 5 0 K g /cm 2 pressure gauge or
level is correct. The system w ill need extra oil if connect a flo w m eter to the plate.
external hydraulic equipm ent is being used Tractors w ith a front m ounted hydraulic pump
which needs a continuous flo w of oil. (1390, 1 49 0 and 1690), w ith o u t a take-off
valve fitted.
(a) Remove the cover from the distribution
block.
(b) Install the adaptor plate K 9 6 2 2 3 4 .
(c) Install a 0 -2 5 0 K g /cm 2 pressure gauge or
connect a flo w m eter to the plate.
9 -4 3 5 6 6
36
H YD RAU LIC SYSTEM S P E C IA L TOOL

Tractors w ith a take-off valve fitted w ith front or

rear mounted pump.
(a) Connect a 0-2 50 Kg/cm § pressure gauge
or a flow meter to the outlet port of the valve.
Open the valve to let the oil flow .

num ber 1 (top) port on the three-w ay valve. In­

stall a connector K 961821 or K 9 6 2 2 3 9 if a
three-w ay valve is not fitted.

S TE P 9. S tart the engine at idle speed. The

reading on the pressure gauge m ust be more
than 140 kg c m 2. If the reading is less than
140 k g /cm 2 one of more of the follo w in g w ill
be the cause:
(a) A dirty hydraulic suction filter.
(b) A leak in the inlet pipe to the pump.
(c) The relief valve fo r the pum p is opening too
soon, you w ill hear the oil pushing past the
relief valve.
(d) A worn or damaged hydraulic pump. To
check the hydraulic pump, remove the pressure cr
gauge and install a flo w meter. The o u tp u t of
the pump m ust be the same as show n in the S TE P 1 2. Put the operating lever for the
SPECIFICATIONS on page 7 . Look at the three-w ay valve in the 'L' position. S tart the
specification for the pum p w hich is fitted. Low engine.
output shows a w orn or dam aged pump. If the
pressure and output from the pum p are correct,
do the next operation.

S TE P 10. Remove the gauge or flo w m eter

from the take-off valve or adaptor plate. If a
take-off valve is fitted, move the operating lever
to the neutral position.

S TE P 13. Move the quadrant lever rearward

to RAISE until it is against the quadrant spring.
The reading on the pressure gauge must be
more than 14 0 kg/cm 2. If the pressure of the oil
is less than 140 k g /c m 2, one or more of the
fo llo w in g w ill be the cause:
(a) Seizure of the by-pass and hold valves or
d irt in the by-pass or hold valves. Remove the
plungers of the valves. If the selectam atic valve
9 -4 3 5 6 6
37
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM FAULT FINDING

assembly is still on the tractor run the engine at

1800 r min for 3 m inutes This w ill flush the
bores for the plungers, rem oving any dirt. Install
the valve plungers into their bores
<b> Dirt in other pans of the selectam ic valve
assembly or a loose valve seat for the non
return valve. If this is the cause there w ill be no
reading on the pressure gauge The pressure
relief valve w ill be open (you w ill hear the oil
pushing past the pressure relief valve).
(c} Damaged 0 rings or pipes to or from the
CO
selectamatic valve assembly If the pressure of CO

the oil is more than 140 kg c m 2 there is

leakage from the rant cylinder or dum p valve (if
fitted). S T E P 2. Put the lever for the three-w ay valve
(if fitted) into the 'L' or ' Lv' 1' position.

STEP 14. If the linkage rises but not in the

first 5 seconds, remove and clean the filte r and S T E P 3. Make sure tha t the lever fo r the
restrictor in the by pass valve. take-off valve (if fitted) is in the neutral (centre)
NOTE: There is no filte r fitte d to 1690 tractors. position.

STEP 15. Make sure that the sensing valve

is not held in the open position.
NOTE: To do this the selectam atic valve
assembly m ust be rem oved from the tractor.
THE SYSTEM W IL L NOT HOLD
Use the follow ing procedure to find the cause:

STEP 4. Start the engine then move the

quadrant lever fully rearward into the 'EXTER­
NAL LIFT' position. Release the quadrant lever
when the linkage is at full height. The quadrant
spring w ill push the lever into the 'HO LD' posi­
tion. The linkage must stay in position. If the
linkage falls, there is leakage in the system. Do
the follo w in g to find the cause.

STEP1. Select EXTERNAL on the selector

dial.

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38
H YD RAU LIC SYSTEM
STEP 5 . Put the lever fo r the three-w ay valve
into the 'L' position. This w ill stop the oil flo w ­
ing out of the ram cylinder. If the linkage still
falls the leakage is passed the ram cylinder
seals or the three-w ay valve. If the linkage stops
falling and stays in position, the leakage is from
the selectam atic valve assembly or its o u tle t
pipe. Continue doing the operations to find the
exact position of the leak.
STEP 6. Remove the cover from the top of
the rear axle case over the hold and by-pass
valves.
Check for leakage around the plugs for the hold
and by-pass valves. Their sealing washers can
be damaged. If a dum p valve is fitte d (not
1690) make sure that its 0 -rin g s are not
damaged.
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FAULT FINDING
S T E P 7. Hold a m irror over the top of the
selectam atic valve assembly. Move the m irror
until you can see the slot fo r the low ering con­
trol valve. If there is oil leakage from the slot,
there is dirt on or damage to the hold valve or
the 0 -rin g under the seat for the hold valve.
NOTE: The valve assem bly is show n out o f the
tra cto r so the slot can be seen clearly.
S TE P 8. Remove the cap, spring and plunger
for the by-pass valve. Look at the level of the oil
in the bore. If the level is rising (oil going into
the bore) there is dirt on or damage to the non­
return valve.
S TE P 9. Check for leakage through the plug
for the hold relief valve. If there is leakage, there
is d irt on or damage to the hold relief valve.
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM FAULT FINDING

NOTE: The valve assembly is show n o ut o f the

tractor to show the valve plug clearly.

co
CO
CM
CO
CC
STEP 4. Put the lever for the three-w ay valve
into the 'L' or '171' position.

STEP 10. Remove the rear cover from the

ramshaft bracket on the right-hand side. Look
for leakage around the spool valve. Turn the
spool valve through 9 0 ° If there is leakage,
there is d irt on or damage to the spool valve.

STEP 1 1 . Remove the quadrant housing.

Look for leakage around the oil pipe and where
the pipe connects to the selectam atic valve
assembly. If there is leakage at the connection,
there is damage to the O-rings.
THE SYSTEM W IL L NOT LOWER
S T E P 5. S tart the engine then move the
STEP 1 . Make sure that the oil in the quadrant lever rearward into the 'RAISE' posi­
hydraulic system is of the correct grade and is tion. Hold it in this position until the linkage is at
at working tem perature. See page 6 . full height.

STEP 2. Check the ramshaft bearings for a

seizure.

S TE P 6. Move the quadrant lever forw ard

into the 'LOWER' position. If the linkage does
not low er or lowers slow ly do the follow ing.

STEP 3. Select 'DRAFT' or 'POSITION' on

the selector dial.

9 -4 3 5 6 6
40
H YD RAU LIC SYSTEM FAULT FINDING

NOTE: To do this check you m ust remove the

selectam atic valve assem bly from the tractor.

S TE P 7. Make sure tha t the ram shaft locking

pin (early tractors only) is disengaged.

S TE P 8. Turn the knob fo r the low ering con­
trol valve counterclockw ise (out of the selecta-
rnatic valve). This w ill open the o utle t port.
S TE P 11. If the linkage w ill only low er at low
engine r/m in the sensing valve is being held in
the closed position. To check this, select
EXTERNAL on the selector dial.
Move the quadrant lever into the 'LOWER' posi­
tion then into the HOLD' position. If the linkage
rises when you do this there is seizure of the
sensing valve.
NOTE: To do a repair you m ust remove the
selectam atic valve assembly from the tractor.
P O S ITIO N CONTROL TEST

S TE P 9. Disconnect the linkage support ram

(if fitted), this can reduce the pressure of the oil
in the system. If the pressure is too low the oil
w ill not flo w out of the ram cylinder and the
linkage w ill not lower.

STEP 10. Make sure that the low ering con­

trol valve in the selectam atic valve is not held in
the closed position. Check that the plunger has STEP1. Select POSITION on the selector
been fitted the correct way round in the bore. dial.

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HYDRAULIC SYSTEM FAULT FINDING

DRAFT CONTROL TEST

This test m ust be done in a field to check the
d ra ft control w ith a plough.

STEP 2. Put the lever of the three-w ay valve

(if fitted) in the L or IV1 position.

STEP1. Select DRAFT on the selector dial.

STEP 3. Start the engine then move the

quadrant lever rearward to RAISE. The linkage
must rise as you move the quadrant lever
rearward. Move the quadrant lever forw ard to
LOWER, the linkage must lower. S T E P 2. Put the lever fo r the three-w ay valve
(if fitted) in the L or 171 position.
STEP 4. If the linkage does not sm oothly
follo w the m ovem ent o f the quadrant lever look
for seizure of the connecting rods and linkages.
NOTE: Heavy im plem ents attached to the
linkage can fall b elow the required p osition then
im m ediately return to the correct position. This
is normal. It takes a sm all am ount o f tim e fo r
the hold valve to w ork correctly.

S TE P 3. Connect a plough to the linkage.

S tart the engine then move the quadrant lever
rearward into the RAISE position to raise the
plough.

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H YD RAU LIC SYSTEM FAULT FINDING

STEP 4. Move the tra ctor forw ard and low er

the plough into the ground until at the selected
w orking depth. Check the depth of the furrow .

S T E P 5. If the plo ug h does n ot w o rk

correctly do the fo llo w in g :
(a) Check th a t the plough is set correctly.
(b) Make sure that the selective sensing unit is
in the correct range for the soil you are w orking
in.
(c) Make sure th a t the top link is set correctly.
The force on the sensing unit m ust move the
shaft between 1.6m m and 3.2m m when the
plough is in work. If the m ovem ent is less or
more the sensing unit w ill not w ork correctly.
(d) If the depth of the im plem ent is n o t constant,
check fo r damage to the sensing unit, cable and
linkages for the sensing unit.

140 kg /c m 2 = 2 0 0 0 lb /in 2 4 9 k g /c m 2 = 7 0 0 lb /in 2 1.6 mm = 0 .0 6 3 in

2 5 0 kg /cm 2 = 4 0 0 0 lb /in 2 52 k g /c m 2 = 7 5 0 lb /in 2 3.2 mm = 0.1 26 in

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HYDRAULIC SYSTEM FAULT FINDING

FAULT F IN D IN G C H A R T
FAILURE TO LIFT
Oil Level Low
I
Take-off Valve -
not in neutral position
i
Selector Dial in the
EXTERNAL position

Pum p Q u iet Pum p Noisy

I
Check Hold Relief Valve
fo r leakage
I I--------------------------------------- 1
Check m ovem ent of Spool Suction Filter R elief V alv e Noisy
Valve for seizure restricted I
I Too much W eight
Remove air from system on Links
i I
Check for leakage from Fit Pressure Gauge
the plugs of the By-pass and check Pump
and Hold valves Pressure
I
Pump Relief Valve
Faulty
I------------------- I
No Oil a t valve plugs Non-Return Valve
I Seat Loose
Faulty Pump Relief Valve
I
Pump Drive Failure
I
Faulty Pipe Connections

Oil a t valve plugs

I
Check By-pass Filter and Restrictor
Plate for restriction
I
Oil Flows out of R.H. Port
when lever is in LOWER
Position Faulty connection in
r - No
Lubrication Pipe
OR
I
Oil Flows out of R.H. Port
when lever is in RAISE
Position
|------------------------------------ No ---------- 1
Yes Hold Valve Open
I I
Seizure of By-Pass Valve Pump Relief Valve Faulty
I I
Restriction in hole of By-pass Faulty Ram Piston Seals
Restrictor W asher I
l Faulty O-Rings Seals
Spool valve not in CLOSED or Pipes
Position
9 -4 3 5 6 6
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H YD RAU LIC SYSTEM FAULT FINDING

FAULT F IN D IN G C H A R T
FAILURE TO H O LD
Quadrant Spring
A djustm ent

I-------------------------
Holds w ith Dial P ointer Does no t hold w ith Dial
in E X T E R N A L P osition bu t P o in ter in E X T E R N A L
not in D R A F T Position P osition
I I
Sensing Cable A djustm ent Hold Valve Sealing
I W asher Leaking
Seizure of Sensing Cable i
I Faulty Hold Relief Valve
Seizure of Sensing Unit I
I Seizure o f Hold Valve Plunger
Cable Bell Crank Lever I
Bolt too tig h t Faulty Ram Piston Seals
I
Faulty N on-return Valve
I
Faulty O-ring Seals
or Pipes

F A I L U R E TO L O W E R LOWERS SLOWLY INCORRECT DEPTH

i l CONTROL
Ramshaft Lock Engaged Lowering Control not
I Fully Open Incorrect Im plem ent
3-W ay Valve in I Settings
Position 1 or 2 Take-off Valve not I
I Fully Open Loose Control Lever Pivot
Selector I I
Dial in EXTERNAL Incorrect Grade of Oil Seizure o f or Incorrectly
I I Adjusted Sensing Cable
Ramshaft seized Incorrect Control Lever I
A djustm ent Seizure of Sensing Cable
I I
Seizure of Hold Valve Seizure of Valve Plungers
I I
Incorrect Spool Valve Seizure of Sensing Valve
A djustm ent I
I Cable Bell Crank Lever
Seizure of Flow Control Bolt too tig ht
Valve Plunger

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