MAI KHADIJA INSTITUTE OF NURSING SCIENCES

SUBJECT: NURSING EDUCATION

ASSIGNMENT

ON

“LECTURE ”

SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY

MR.RAJU RAM PARIHAR MR.MOHHAMED RIZWAN

Assistant Professor and HOD M.SC Nursing (previous)

Dept. of Medical Surgical Nursing Batch 2017-18

S.NO CONTENT PAGE NO
1. “LECTURE METHOD”
2. INTRODUCTION

3. DEFINITION

4. PURPOSE

5. PRINCIPLES

6. CLASSIFICATION OF LECTURE

7. TECHNIQUE OF THE LECTURE

8. FACTOR INFLUENCING PLANNING LECTURE

9. ADVANTAGES OF THE LECTURE

10. DISADVANTAGES OF THE LECTURE

11. STRATEGIES TO OVERCOME THE DISADVANTAGES
12. HINTS FOR SUCCESSFUL LECTURE
13. BIBLIOGRAPHY
 “LECTURE”

INTRODUCTION

 Lecture is formal talk given by a trained or experienced teacher, to a large student, that
definitely includes clarification or the explanation of fact principal or relationship between
various concept, that are directly related to the educational objectives.
 The term “lecturing” is used by the most of the people synonymously with lesson and
teaching. It is particular type of educational encounter in which a teacher transmit
information to a number of student, with the teacher doing most of the talking and the
student mainly listening or writing.
 Lecture is a teaching method consist of explanation of facts, principles which the teacher
wishes the class to understand.
 Teacher talks more or less continuously to class.
 The class listen takes notes.
 It is a great art.

DEFINITION

 Oxford Dictionary : Lecture method is talk giving specified information to class or long
serious speech.
 A lecture is an oral presentation intended to present information or teach people about a
particular subject.

PURPOSES OF LECTURING

The purposes includes,

 To provide the relevant knowledge
 To motivate the student to gain knowledge
 To arouse students interest in a subjects
 To clarify difficult concepts
  To promote critical thinking
 Introduce students to new areas of learning

1. To provide the relevant knowledge:-

The primary function of a lecture is providing knowledge by integrating and synthesizing
knowledge from various sources. With this a lecturer can provide structured knowledge by
selecting or organizing the content in a learner centered way.

2. To motivate the student to gain knowledge:-

As thou it is difficult for the teacher to alone satisfy the needs of the students he or she can
motivate the students by explaining the various sources of knowledge. An efficient
lecturer can motivate the students to collect various information and guide them properly.
One has to give main reference as well as general references.

3. To arouse student’s interest in subjects:-

Through this method a teacher can orient the students to a subject by explaining the need
for studying it, way of learning etc.

4. To clarify difficult concepts:-

This method is highly suitable for clarifying concepts. Teacher should use enough
examples and illustration to clarify the concepts.

5. To promote critical thinking:-

Critical thinking can also be encouraged through incorporating challenging questions

throughout the lecture. Critical thinking is essential for finding solutions to problems
which is present in the field of nursing.

Other purpose are include:-

 To motivate, sensitize and to stimulate student in their pursuit of learning objectives.

 To introduce a new topic or subject as this method aids in close and personal contact with
the student.
 To economically use staff time
 To provide structure knowledge about a determined concept.
  To motivate and guide in hunting knowledge.
 To clarify difficult concept and stress on main point.
 To assist in preparing student for a discussion.
 To promote critical thinking.
 To influence student.
 Lectures can be an efficient means of introducing learners a new topic.
 It helps to clarify the concept
 It can be used to stimulate students’ interest in a subject .
 It can also be used to inspire people.
 To integrate and synthesize a large body of knowledge. (Parker, 1993)
 It is an appropriate method making available for large group.

PRINCIPLES

 Principle of aim.
 Principle of activity.
 Principle of co-relation.
 Principle of looking ahead.
 Good lecture effective preparation.

1. Principles of aim: -
lecture is based on aim, nobody likes aimless lecture. Even the best Teacher will fail if his
lecture is not based on some objectives.

2. Principles of activity: -
If you want to learn a thing you have to actively participate.

3. Principles of activity: -
if you want to learn a thing you have to actively participate.

4. Principles of looking ahead:-

Good lecture is always prognostic on the basis of the past Experiences of a teacher; certain
predictors are made about the Future of the child.
 5. Good lecture needs effective preparation: -
The lecture has to be prepared physically, Socially, emotionally and spiritually to enable
Him to take the lecture.

CLASSIFICATION OF LECTURE

According to walters and marks (1981) there are three classification:

THE IDEAL
LECTURE

THE
THE CLASSICAL
EXPERIMENTAL
LECTURE
LECTURE

1. THE IDEAL LECTURE

The participant attend the lecture of their own willing and this implies commitment on their
part. The role of the lecture is to persuade the audience by virtue of the lecture is to values that
are shared by both parties. Lecture given by the politicians are the example of the ideal
lecture.

2. THE CLASSICAL LECTURE

In our education system, attendance at lecture is seen as being largely compulsory, in contrast
to the ideal lecture. The student attend the lecture, with the focus of getting grades and marks
and the is more specific matter.
 3. THE EXPERIMENTAL LECTURE

This form of lecture is used prior to experimental learning and is given to participant to
explain the basic concept and explanation about the issue in question.

TECHNIQUE OF THE LECTURE

If the lecture is viewed as a means of presenting information’s and as a method of

effective learning, it requires the teacher to work with the students. The teacher establishes
contact with students quickly and places her delivery to the capacity of the student to follow her
lecture, making allowances for note taking and that she anticipates the sections in her lecture that
students find difficult to comprehend. The lecture should provide internals for clarifications of
thought, assimilation of ideas.

 Rapport:-
Teacher must establish a rapport with the students. It will be done.
A). Through an exchange with students in a conversational tone about some events at the
school, this will help to foster a sense of ease and give the impression of interest.
B). by being the lecture with a review of previous lecturers.
C). to merge the students into a learning group the questions will be directed to students in
various part of the room.

 Voice gradation and voice quality:-

The lecture should be presented in a clear, natural tone of voice. The teacher can use her
voice for emphasis in her lecture by pausing at appropriate points to let her words sinks in
and to let the echoes of her subside. Keep students alert and get across her ideas; talk
twice, fast, repeat often, even speak indistinctly by keeping students alert.

 Proper body language:-

The action speaks more than words, so the lecture should be aware of his own body
languages. One can maintain proper body language by practicing principles of effective
teaching and communications. Maintaining eye contact with the students is essential and
avoid looking out of window, at the wall and over the students heads as this considered as
 an impersonal behaviors occasionally move towards the students rather than continuously
standing behind the podium. Modest use of hands is recommended but avoid keeping the
arms crossed or hands clasped behind. Practicing in front of a mirror will help a lot in the
development of proper body language.

 Control of annoying mannerisms: -

Annoying mannerisms are very distracting to the students. Crushing or tossing chalk,
breaking the knuckles, waving hands unnecessarily pinching the nose and repeatedly
saying “so, right, okay, & uhh” are the common annoying mannerisms. Usually teachers
are unaware about these mannerisms and realize the extent of damage caused by them
only through the feedback provided by the superiors or colleagues during an evaluation
session. Very easily mannerism will become the part of the lecturing activity and once
acquired it is very difficult to get rid of them so prevention is better than cure.

 Use of audio visual aids:-

In addition to black board, charts and graphs, advancements in educational technology
offer helps through a hand full of sophisticated a-v aids to the teacher in facilitating in
learning by way of the lecture method the judicious selection of the aids are important as
they improves the lecturing methods to deliver effectively . Eg;- a chart showing the
movement of blood with in the heart and brain.

 Simple plans and key points: -

When planning for a lecture always go for a simple plan instead of complicated ones.
Select some of the key points from the contents and built the whole lecture around them.
This will helps student to recollect the taught lesions in an easy manner. For instance,
while delivering a lecture on the nursing management of mi arranging the content under
key points like definition, etiology, predisposing factors, warning signs, symptoms,
investigations, medical management, nursing management will help the students to follow
the lecture and recollect the learned lessons as and when needed.

 Elicit feedback from the student:-

 To a certain extend the feedback assist the teacher to assess the amount of knowledge
received by the students and the progress they have achieved. Feedback is diagnostic as
well as remedial measure not nly for the students but also for the teacher.
 Providing further clarifications:-
After initial clarification teacher has to assess the need for further clarification in between
the lecture and if needed provide it. You can assess the need for further clarification by
asking any more explanation is needed “so for is clear to you, “anything to be further
clarified, “any doubts to be rectified, etc.

 Time management: -
Time factor is very important in lecturing. Certain teacher covers the content with in the
stipulated time while some others find it difficult to do so. When time exceeds the
expected, tension slowly invades the teacher and damage the entire lecture.

FACTOR INFLUENCING PLANNING LECTURE

1. LEARNER FACTORS
 Educational back ground of the student
 Class size
 Previous knowledge
 Learning style
 Personality and intelligence.
2. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR
 A V aids
 Lighting and ventilation
 Noise and climate
 Furniture
 Seating arrangement
3. PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTOR
 Emotion
 Mood
 Memory
  Abstract thinking
 Concept formation

ADVANTAGES OF THE LECTURE METHOD

 It is efficient in the sense that one teacher can communicate with a large number of
student.
 A well presented lecture motivate the student.
 It help a teacher to build a foundation on which student can construct their own
knowledge.
 It is good to introduce a new topic.
 It enable the teacher to have complete control of the classroom.
 It give the opportunity to have personal contact with the student.
 It aids in monitoring the progress of each and every student by being keen and alert.
 Lecture is highly economical method of teaching, as it require very less resources.
 It save times and energy by teaching a large number at a time.
 Lecture makes the student feel secured as they are under proper guidance from teacher
 It is economical in terms of student time.
 A great deal of information can be communicated in a one hour lecture.
 More relevant information can be taught to a student.
 The lecturer can supplement a textbook by enhancing a topic and making it come to life.
 The teacher serves as a role model for students.
 Lectures bring enjoyment to the learners.
 It helps students develop their listening skills.
 Apparent saving of the time and resources
 Presence of the teacher
 Covers a large group of students
 Gives a feeling of security
 One teacher can communicate to a large number of students
 Helps for time saving both for the teacher.
 The teacher can plan exactly the presentation in advance
 Presence of the teacher is needed so that the students can see them
 A well presentation lecture may increase the students motivation
  Governs a large group of students
 It enables to present a large amount of information in a short time
 It gives feeling of security
 New knowledge may be presented which is not yet in the text book
 It helps in giving illustrational and inspirational talks and review of work
 Teacher can integrate the subject matter better than students
 It is good for introducing a new topic, supplementing information’s and introducing
important incidental information’s.
 It is useful giving a frame work upon which students can build
 Since presence of teacher in the class he has complete control over the content and can
develop presentation according to the plan.
 The presence of teacher avoids interruptions and disturbance and also gives feeling of
security.

DISADVANTAGES OF THE LECTURE METHOD

 Lecturing makes the learner more passive in the learning process. Most of time, the
student do not participate process. Most of the time, the student do not participate in the
learning process.
 Attention span of the student decrease considerably after 20 mint with a reduction of
information assimilated.
 As ready made information is being fed to the student, there is no place for any practical
activity, observation, experimentation or demonstration.
 This method pay little attention to need, intrest and ability of individual student.
 It may leave gaps in understanding, if the teacher is not having very good communication
skills.
 Pace of lecture does not suit all student.
 It lends itself to the teaching of the facts while placing little emphasis on problem solving,
decision making, analytical thinking, or transfer of learning. (Black. 1993)
 Lecturing is not conducive to meeting students’ individual needs.
 Lecturing brings with it the problem of limited attention span on the part of the learners.
 Time consuming.
  Keep the students in passive situation, only limited participation and only limited level of
stimulation
 Does not facilitate learning how to solve problem
 Offers hardly any possibility of checking learning progress
 Does not allow for individual learni
 provides lectures do not cater for individual students need
 It is difficult to distinguish differences in learning and background among students
 It may difficult for the students to take complete and actual notes
 Pace lecture does not suit for all type of students
 Students get material second hand rather than from primary source
 It offers hardly any possibility of checking learning progress

STRATEGIES TO OVERCOME THE DISADVANTAGES

1. Emphasize higher-level intellectual

2. Signposting for clear direction
3. Make lectures more interactive
4. Less memorizing of facts and more construction of meaning

HINTS FOR SUCCESSFUL LECTURING

1. Present an outline of the lecture and refer to it as you move from point to point.
2. Repeat points in several different ways
3. Use short sentences
4. Stress important points
5. Pause to give listeners time to think and write
6. Use lecture to compliment, not simply repeat the text.
7. Avoid racing through the last part of the lecture.
8. Schedule time for discussion in the same or separate class periods as the lecture.
9. Preparation reduced stress, frustration, insecurity and consequent and ineffective.
CRITICISM OF THE LECTURE METHOD

1. The lecture is time consuming

2. The lecture provides little student activity
3. The lecture requires special skills
4. The lecture is not readily analyzed and summarizes the student.
5. The lecture is sometime poorly adapted to the perceptive ability of the students
6. The lecture is likely to become a sustained dictation exercise.
REFERENCE

 Basavanthappa. B.T, “NURSING EDUCATION”, 1ST Edition(2004),JAYPEE brothers

publications, New delhi, Page no.335-337
 Kanakalakshi.S,“ COMMUNICATION AND EDUCATIONAL
TECHNOLOGY”,1STEdition(2008-09),Florence publications,Hyderabad,
page.no.6.2-6.5
 R.SUDHA” Textbook of NURSING EDUCATION, published by JAYPEE brother
medical publication. Page no-78-81.