SALTS

When H+ ions of Acid replaced by Metal, it produces Salt.

SOLUBLE
ACID + METAL/METAL OXIDE/METAL CARBONATE/METAL HYDROXIDE.

METHODS:

TITRATION METHOD | DISSOLVE IN EXCESS METHOD

INSOLUBLE
METHOD:

PRECIPITATION METHOD

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1) Nitrate (NO3) All Soluble

2) Sulphate (SO4) All Soluble except Barrium, Lead and Calcium
3) Halide (C l) All Soluble except Silver and Lead.
4) Carbonates ( ) All insoluble except Sodium, Potassium, Ammonium.

Titration Dissolve in excess Method

Soluble Base Insoluble Base
(Group I, first 2 elements of Group II)

Ba(NO3)2) + Na2SO4  BaSO4 + 2NaNO3

To Prepare Insoluble Salt:
AQEUOUS A + AQEUOUS B  INSOLUBLE SALT

Starting Material must be Soluble. Take aqueous A & start mixing it in aqueous B.
Precipitate of insoluble salt appear. Filter the mixture, SALT is obtained as a rasidue. Wash
it with distilled Water and dry with the help of filter paper.

PbI2

Pb(NO3) + KI  PbI2 + K(NO3)

To Prepare Soluble Salt:

Titration Method: (When METAL HYDROXIDE)

[When Soluble oxide is dissolve in Water, Alkali is formed]

Take ALKALI with the help of pipette into Flask. Now add 2-3 drops of Methyl orange,
Solution turns yellow. Now fill the burette with ACID and titrate it against ALKALI. When
end point reached, Solution turns pink. Pass the solution from Charcoal to remove
Indicator. Now heat the solution until point of Crystallization, Then leave it in Air, Crystal of
SALT appear.

example:
KNO3 from KOH

Take KOH with the help of pipette into Flask. Now add 2-3 drops of Methyl orange, Solution
turns yellow. Now fill the burette with HNO3 and titrate it against KOH. When end point
reached, Solution turns pink. Pass the solution from Charcoal to remove Indicator. Now
heat the solution until point of Crystallization, Then leave it in Air, Crystal of KNO3 appear.
Dissolve in excess Method:
Take ACID in the Flask with the help of pipette. Now add BASE in excess and warm the
Solution. When reaction finished, un-reacted BASE settle at the bottom of the Flask. Now
filter the mixture to remove un-reacted BASE. Heat the filtrate till saturation point. Then
leave it in Air. Crystal of SALT appear.

example:
AgNO3 from Ag2O

Take HNO3 in the Flask with the help of pipette. Now add Ag2O in excess and warm the
Solution. When reaction finished, un-reacted Ag2O settle at the bottom of the Flask. Now
filter the mixture to remove un-reacted Ag2O. Heat the filtrate till saturation point. Then
leave it in Air. Crystal of AgNO3 appear.