DOC. NO.

: 3607/34-78-ED-PI-SP-
CONT. NO. : 1032/GC-GN/CON-EP09-00
5003

E.O.R.C. DOCUMENT CODE

PLAN DOC. SER

UNIT PHASE DISC. REV. PAGE
/PRJ. TYPE NO.
DIESEL HYDROTREATMENT PROJECT
(DHT)
3607/34 78 ED PI SP 5003 B1 1 of 23

STRESS ANALYSIS SPECIFICATION

B1 21/10/2015 APPROVED FOR CONSTRUCTION SH.M A.R.M M.K.T

B0 20/09/2015 APPROVED FOR CONSTRUCTION SH.M A.R.M M.K.T

A2 10/08/2015 ISSUED FOR APPROVAL SH.M A.R.M M.K.T

A1 01/06/2015 ISSUED FOR APPROVAL SH.M A.R.M M.K.T

A0 22/04/2015 ISSUED FOR REVIEW & COMMENT SH.M A.R.M M.K.T

CONTRACTOR EMPLOYER
REV. DATE DESCRIPTION PREPARED BY CHECKED BY
APPROVED
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LIST OF REVISED PAGES

REV. REV. REV. REV.

A0 A1 A2 B0 B1
PAGE PAGE PAGE PAGE

1 x 26 51 76

2 x 27 52 77

3 x 28 53 78

4 x 29 54 79

5 x 30 55 80

6 x 31 56 81

7 x x 32 57 82

8 x x x x 33 58 83

9 x x 34 59 84

10 x x 35 60 85

11 x x 36 61 86

12 x x 37 62 87

13 x x 38 63 88

14 x 39 64 89

15 x 40 65 90

16 x x x 41 66 91

17 x x 42 67 92

18 x 43 68 93

19 x x 44 69 94

20 x 45 70 95

21 x x x 46 71 96

22 x 47 72 97

23 x 48 73 98

24 49 74 99

25 50 75 100
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Table of Content
1 SCOPE ............................................................................................................................... 5
2 TERMS AND DEFINITION ............................................................................................. 5
3 PROJECT REFERENCED DOCUMENTS/DRAWINGS .............................................. 5
4 CODES AND STANDARDS ............................................................................................. 5
5 ORDER OF PRECEDENCE ............................................................................................. 7
6 SITE CONDITIONS .......................................................................................................... 7
7 STRESS ANALYSIS ......................................................................................................... 7
7.1 GENERAL ....................................................................................................................... 7
7.2 ANALYSIS CLASSIFICATION ............................................................................................ 8
7.2.1 Experienced Judgment Method ................................................................................ 9
7.2.2 Simplified Method ................................................................................................... 9
7.2.3 Comprehensive Method ........................................................................................... 9
7.2.4 Stress Analysis Grade Classification ....................................................................... 9
7.2.5 Others ................................................................................................................... 10
8 LOAD AND STRESS CONSIDERATION IN PIPE STRESS ANALYSIS .................. 13
8.1 W EIGHT EFFECTS ......................................................................................................... 13
8.2 HYDROSTATIC LEAK TEST W EIGHT EFFECT .................................................................. 13
8.3 THERMAL EFFECTS ....................................................................................................... 13
8.3.1 Values for Reaction ............................................................................................... 13
8.3.2 Piping Thermal Conditions ................................................................................... 14
8.4 PRESSURE EFFECTS ...................................................................................................... 16
8.5 FRICTION EFFECTS ....................................................................................................... 16
8.6 W IND LOAD EFFECTS ................................................................................................... 17
8.7 SEISMIC LOAD EFFECTS ................................................................................................ 17
8.8 SAFETY VALVE LOAD EFFECT AND FLARE SYSTEM ....................................................... 17
8.9 VIBRATION................................................................................................................... 18
9 DISPLACEMENT EFFECTS ......................................................................................... 18
9.1 DISPLACEMENT DUE TO THERMAL EXPANSION .............................................................. 18
9.2 DISPLACEMENT DUE TO SUSTAIN EFFECT ...................................................................... 18
10 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................ 18
11 UNITS ........................................................................................................................... 19
12 CODE AND STANDARD COMPLIANCE ................................................................. 19
12.1 PIPING SYSTEMS ........................................................................................................... 19
12.2 API, ANSI, ISO PUMPS ................................................................................................ 20
12.3 CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR ......................................................................................... 20
12.4 RECIPROCATING C OMPRESSOR ..................................................................................... 20
12.5 FIRED HEATER ............................................................................................................. 21
12.6 AIR COOLED HEAT EXCHANGER ................................................................................... 21
12.7 PRESSURE VESSELS (R EACTOR, EXCHANGER, DRUM AND TOWER) ................................ 21
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12.8 TANKS ......................................................................................................................... 21

12.9 OTHER EQUIPMENT ...................................................................................................... 22
12.10 FLANGE LEAKAGE..................................................................................................... 22
12.10.1 Flange Leakage Criteria .................................................................................... 22
13 DOCUMENTATION.................................................................................................... 23
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1 SCOPE
This specification covers the minimum requirements for stress analysis and supporting
of piping systems to be performed during the piping design work, utilized in the Diesel
Hydrotreatment Project (DHT) .
2 TERMS AND DEFINITION
"EMPLOYER" : ESFAHAN OIL REFINING
COMPANY
" CONTRACTOR" : CHAGALESH CONSULTING
ENGINEERING
"PLANT" : DIESEL HYDROTREATMENT
PROJECT (DHT)
"PLANT SITE" : ESFAHAN-IRAN
"SUPPLIER / VENDOR" : Refers to person(s) or party (ies) -
entering into contract or agreement to
supply and/or fabricate the material in
accordance with the requirements of this
specification.
"SHALL" : Mandatory requirements
"SHOULD" : Recommended or advisory
requirements
3 PROJECT REFERENCED DOCUMENTS/DRAWINGS
Job Spesification For Site Condition 3607/10-00-EB-PR-SP-0011
Job Specification For Insulation 3607/32-74-ED-PI-SP-8001
Piping Material Specification 3607/33-00-ED-PI-SP-5001
Job Spesification For Field pressure Testing 3607/32-74-ED-PI-SP-5005
4 CODES AND STANDARDS
The related publications and standards referred to herein and mentioned below shall
be the latest editions.
ASME B31.3 Process Piping
ASME B31.1 Power Piping
ASME B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
ASME B16.9 Factory-Made Wrought Steel
Buttwelding Fittings
ASME B16.25 Buttwelding Ends
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ASCE 7 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings

and Other Structures

ASME Section VIII Div. 1 and 2 Boiler and pressure vessel code, Rule for
construction of pressure vessel
API 610 Centrifugal pumps for petroleum, heavy
duty chemical and gas industry services
API 617 Centrifugal compressors for petroleum,
chemical and gas services
API 618 Reciprocating compressors for
petroleum, chemical and gas services
API 619 Rotary type positive displacement
compressor for general refinery services
API 620 Design and Construction of Large,
Welded, Low-Pressure Storage Tanks
API 560 Fired heaters for general refinery
services
API 650 Welded steel Tanks for oil storage
API 660 Shell and tube Type heat exchangers for
general refinery services
API 661 Air cooled heat exchangers for general
refinery services
API RP 520 Sizing, selection and installation of
pressure relieving device in refineries
WRC 107 Local stresses in spherical and
cylindrical shell due to external loading
WRC 297 Supplement to WRC 107
EJMA Standard of expansion joint
manufacturers association
UBC – 1997 Uniform building code
BS 3974 Specification for Pipe Supports
MSS-SP-58 Pipe Hangers and Supports- (Materials,
design and Manufacture)
MSS-SP-69 Pipe Hangers and Supports- (Selection
and Application)
MSS-SP-89 Pipe Hangers and Supports- (Fabrication
and Installation Practice)
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MSS-SP-90 Guide Lines on Terminology for Pipe,

Hangers and Supports
IPS-E-PI-200 Engineering Standard for Flexibility
Analysis
NEMA SM 23 steam turbines for mechanical drive
service
BS PD 5500 Specification for Unfired Fusion Welded
Pressure Vessels
5 ORDER OF PRECEDENCE
This engineering specification shall be read in conjunction with the applicable IPS. It is
EPC Contractor's responsibility to ensure that the relevant IPS's are reviewed and in the
event of conflict between IPS and this engineering standard or the other international
standards, the issue shall be referred to OWNER for approve. However, in general the
more stringent requirement shall apply.
6 SITE CONDITIONS
 Average maximum temperature (hottest month) : 41˚C
 Average minimum temperature (coldest month) : -15˚C
 Extreme minimum temperature : -20˚C
 Installation temprature : 5˚C
 Seismic intensity (Mercalli scale) : UBC ZONE-3
7 STRESS ANALYSIS
7.1 General

 This specification is prepared for designed piping systems limited to designed code
of ASME B31.3 and shall be adopted for other design codes, if necessary.
 Design of piping system shall comprise and provide, admissible force, moment and
stress in order to prevent failures of piping, pipe sup port and / or equipment
attachments due to the piping effects caused by thermal expansion, sustain and
occasional effects resulting from the effects of gravity, temperature, pressure,
seismic, wind and other environmental disturbances.
 The stress analysis of piping system shall include all piping systems according to
ASME B31.3 part 5.
In case in which the stresses, forces and moments in the piping system attachments or
equipment connected caused by are not in the admissible range methods listed below
shall be adopted, in the following order of preference:
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 Introduction of restraints
 Changing in piping routing (e.g. inserting proper pipe loops)
 Introduction of spring supports (variable or constant) to the piping system
 Utilizing the reinforcing pad in pipe branches and nozzle intersection with
equipment (for equipment nozzle reinforcement negotiation shall be done by
related disciplines or Vendors)

 Utilizing of proper type of metallic or elastomer expansion joints; Victaulic,

and dresser type coupling, metal and elastomer hoses, ball type joints and all
other in-line flexible connectors.
 Employing of cold spring (OWNER approval is required.)
 The following basic data shall be considered through stress analysis according to the
given value and references:
 Value of stress intensification factor (SIF) for elbows, bends and tees which
is used for stress analysis calculation shall be in accordance with ASME
B31.3 Appendix D. Data base of applied software can be used.
 Value of module of elasticity (E) which is used for stress analysis calculation
shall be in accordance with ASME B31.3 Appendix C, Table C-6. Data base
of applied software can be used.
 Value of Poisson ratio () may be taken as 0.3 at all temperature for all
ferrous metals. More accurate and authoritative data can be used if available.
Data base of applied software can be used.
 Other material properties for pipe shall be extracted from ASME B31.3
Appendix C. Data base of applied software can be used. For more
information please refer to "Piping Material Specification" Doc. No "3607-
33-00-ED-PI-SP-5001"
 Material properties of insulation shall be extracted from the "Insulation
Specification" Doc No "3607/32-74-ED-PI-SP-8001". Data base of applied
software can be used.
 Allowable values for sustain, displacement and occasional stresses are
according to ASME B31.3 paragraph 302.3. (Basic allowable stresses can be
found in appendix A table A-1.) Data base of applied software can be used.
B1  In occasional load case, nozzle load of equipments shall be checked with 1.2
times of allowable loads.

7.2 Analysis Classification

All lines shall be reviewed for flexibility, stress and load calculation by experienced
judgment, simplified or comprehensive methods.
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7.2.1 Experienced Judgment Method

This method comprises the lines which can be judged by relying upon normal
experiences and practices of detail engineering design team. The piping systems in this
scope need no formal analysis.
7.2.2 Simplified Method

This method comprises the piping systems in which adequate flexibility and suitable
pipe supports shall be provided by computer analysis. But providing of documented
output for presentation to employer is not mandatory.
7.2.3 Comprehensive Method

Computer analysis shall be generally used where there is any concern over the
flexibility of a piping system and in particular where accurate calculations of values are
required. (E.g. equipment nozzle, support, spring loads and displacement vector).
Documented output shall be prepared for the piping systems which are covered by this
method.
Beside, any piping system which does not meet the criteria in paragraphs 7.2.2,
comprehensive method of stress analysis by computer shall be utilized.

7.2.4 Stress Analysis Grade Classification

B1  The lines of a piping system shall be classified into three categories from stress
analysis point of view including size, temperature, origin and destination of lines.
These classifications, according to severity of design condition and methods of
analysis, are categorized as:
 A Grade Experienced judgment method.
 B Grade Simplified method.
 C Grade Comprehensive method.
 Other refers to Paragraph. 7.2.5.
 Figures 1 and 2 illustrate the grade classification of piping lines. Figure 1 comprises
the lines connected directly or indirectly to vessels including exchangers, reactors,
drums, towers, filters, tanks, flare stack, silencers.
 Figure 2 comprises the process lines to and from air fin coolers, all process,
regeneration and decoking lines to / from fired heaters and steam generators, all
process lines to and from rotary equipment including all types of pumps, blowers,
and compressors, steam lines to and from turbines and lines from and to
reciprocating pumps and compressors.
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7.2.5 Others

Computer analysis (B and C Grade as shown) shall also be applied for other lines with
the following conditions:
 Non-ferrous material:
 Where OD≥ 3" and ∆T (maximum absolute operating temp – Installation
temp) ≥ 100 °C (C Grade).
 Where OD≤ 3" and ∆T (maximum absolute operating temp – Installation
temp) ≥ 100 °C (B Grade).

 Non-metallic material:
 Where OD≥ 3" and ∆T (maximum absolute operating temp – Installation
temp) ≥ 50 °C (C Grade).
 Where OD≤ 3" and ∆T (maximum absolute operating temp – Installation
temp) ≥ 50 °C (B Grade).
 Lines with NPS ≥ 2" connected to large movement pipe (≥ 40 mm) at branch point.
B and C Grade)
 All jacketed lines shall be stress analyzed irrespective of size and temperature.
 Vacuum lines (B Grade)
 All lines connecting to PSV’s shall be stress analyzed irrespective size and
temperature (unless otherwise stated by lead stress anayst).
 Any other line or equipment (e.g. re-boiler connected to tower directly) which needs
to have comprehensive calculation recognized by stress analysis engineer. (C Grade)
 All cases which comprises any special stress analysis item like spring support,
expansion joint, PTFE, rigid strut and shock absorber.
 High pressure (rating ≥ 600#) piping systems
 Where 2"≤ OD ≤10" and T≤ 149°C (B Grade)
 Where 2"≤ OD ≤10" and T≥ 150°C (Grade C).
 Where OD >10" and T ≤ 85°C (B Grade) and
 Where OD >10" and T ≥ 86°C C Grade
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Figure 1: Grade classification of piping lines connected directly or indirectly to vessels

including exchangers, reactors, drums, towers, filters, tanks, flare stack, silencers.
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Figure 2: Grade classification of piping lines to and from air fin coolers, all process,
regeneration and decoking lines to and from fired heaters and steam generators, all process
lines to and from rotary equipment including all types of pumps, blowers, and
compressors, steam lines to and from turbines and lines from and to reciprocating pumps
and compressors.
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8 LOAD AND STRESS CONSIDERATION IN PIPE STRESS ANALYSIS

Load and stress effects which should be considered in piping stress analysis are listed
below:
8.1 Weight Effects

 Weight load includes the weight of piping components (pipe, fitting, flange, valve,
etc.), content, insulation and any in line equipment, ice or snow shall be considered
if applicable. The primary stress caused by weight shall be taken in account as a part
of SL. (SL shall not be more than allowable stress Sh.)
 Since the connected piping to storage tanks are completed after hydro test of tanks,
the settlement of tanks is not dicated to connected piping and need not be accounted
for in stress analysis calculation.
 Snow weight is included in calculation as an occasional load case for pipes exposed
to snow if OD≥500 mm for insulated lines and also for OD≥500 mm and T≤ 40˚C
for non-insulated lines. The design snow load is 150 Kg/m 2.
8.2 Hydrostatic Leak Test Weight Effect

 Hydrostatic leak test weight shall be taken into consideration for lines which have
content with specific gravity other than 1.0.
 If the test pressure as defined in "Construction Specification for Pressure Test of
Piping System" Doc no "88016-A000-PPD-SPC-0006" would produce a nominal
pressure stress or longitudinal stress in excess of the yield strength at test
temperature, the test pressure may be reduced to the maximum pressure that will not
exceed the yield strength at test temperature.
 The temporary supports shall be considered for piping during hydrostati c leak test
period. Where applicable, hydrostatic test at grade is preferred and shall be
mentioned in relevant documents.
 It is not necessary to consider other occasional loads, such as wind and earthquake,
and snow as occurring concurrently with test loads.
 For more information please refer to "Construction Specification for Pressure Test
of Piping System".
8.3 Thermal Effects
8.3.1 Values for Reaction

 Temperature data to be considered for calculation of reaction forces on restraint

points including nozzles, support and etc. shall be the difference between the
maximum or minimum absolute operating temperature and the value at the
temperature expected during installation.
 The value of expected temperature during installation is 5°C.
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 In cases that operating temperature is less than sun metal temperature for non
insulated piping which are subject to sun shine, the temperature difference between
sun metal and installation temperature shall be considered as metal temperature for
calculation.
 Temperature used for calculation of values of stress range shall be as the difference
between the value of maximum operation temperature and installation temperature.
 The secondary displacement stress shall not be more than allowable displacement
stress range S A.
8.3.2 Piping Thermal Conditions

 Various thermal conditions to be considered for stress analysis are listed below:
 Operating temperature as described above
 Separator device condition (e.g. Shut off valve)
 Warming time lag between tower and connected piping
 Under shelter portion of piping around compressor
 Heat traced lines (Pipe metal temperature shall be considered equal to heat
tracing operating temperature)
 Different compressor condition
 By pass and Up/down stream of safety valves
 Fire case in flare system. (Design temperature shall be considered for load
and stress calculation). Also refer to 8.9
 High temperature (over 350 °C) and high pressure (over 20 Bar). Steam out
condition
 Decoking condition
 Regeneration condition
 Stand by condition for pumps (following temperatures shall be considered.)
1. When the pump is equipped with warm up system or a by-pass on the
check valve / shutoff valve assembly, and no holding temperature is
specified on piping line list the average of operating and installation
temperature will be assumed for the stand-by length of piping.
2. If the above system is not provided, the stand-by piping temperature
shall be assumed as follows: (please refer to figure 3)
a) The average of operating and installation temperature, for the
insulated piping of the TC length and installation temperature
for the piping length from the pump (or other equipment) to the
check / shut off valve
b) × operating temp. + × installation temp. for non insulated
piping of the TC length and installation temperature for the
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piping length from the pump (or other equipment) to the check /
shut off valve
3. Other Piping which normally has no flow (such as drains, start up
lines…), metal temperature shall be considered as follow:
a) × operating temp. + × installation temp. for insulated
piping
b) × operating temp. + × installation temp.for non-
insulated piping

Figure 3: Schematic Drawing for Duty and Stand-by Pumps

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 Lines requiring steam out will be designed for flexibility at a temperature

120˚c. Steam out load case shall be considered for lines with design
Temperature lower than steam out temperature.
B1
 Start up condition shall be considered for tower feed inlet lines as follows:
Inlet line at operating temperature, tower at 50% of design temperature.
 Shut down condition shall be considered for tower and equipment which
Have shut down procedure as follows:
Connected pipe at 50% of design temperature, equipment at design
temperature.

8.4 Pressure Effects

Design pressure shall be taken as the calculation pressure as per ASME B31.3, unless
otherwise noted. The primary stress caused by pressure as a part of S L shall not be more
than allowable stress Sh.
8.5 Friction Effects

 Friction effect in piping system includes the effect of frictional resistance to

movement of the pipe based on coefficient of friction.
 Following friction factors shall be considered for computing the frictional resistance
in stress analysis unless otherwise specified by the roller or sliding plate
manufacturer:
Surfaces Friction factor (µ)
Steel―Steel 0.30
Steel―Concrete 0.50
Stainless Steel―Teflon 0.10
Graphite―Graphite 0.15
Roller Support 0.05

 Frictionless unrestrained movement of the piping system shall be assumed only for:
 Long rods (simple hangers)
 Spring supports (Except can type)
 Expansion joint tie rods or hinges(Please refer to EJMA)
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8.6 Wind Load Effects

 Wind load effects on piping systems shall be considered by comprehensive analysis

for piping in which
 BOP or Elevation ≥ 10 m and OD + Insulation ≥ 350 mm
 Prevailing wind direction : South (Magnetic)- North (bidirectional)
 Design wind speed for structure according to site condition (3607/10 -00-EB-PR-
SP-0011) shall be 33.34 m/s.
 Wind direction shall be considered same as the prevailing wind direction.
 Shape factor shall be considered equal to 0.7
 Wind load calculation shall not be considered for piping systems which have been
located inside or in the shadow of a structure or a building.
 It is not necessary to consider other occasional loads, such as test, earthquake and
snow as occurring concurrently with the wind loads.
8.7 Seismic Load Effects

 The effects of earthquake load shall be considered for piping grade C in horizontal
directions (North to South, South to North, East to West and West to East) .
B1  The g-factor is 0.35 in which g is gravity acceleration constant (m/s2).
 It is not necessary to consider other occasional loads, such as test, wind and snow as
occurring concurrently with the earthquake loads.
 The effect of seismic load shall be considered on restriction points (e.g. supports,
spring, and anchor points) but not for nozzle and Heater Tie-in points.
8.8 Safety Valve Load Effect and Flare System

 Reaction force due to blow-off of safety valves shall be considered in stress

calculation in accordance with API RP 520.
 Calculated stresses are compared with allowable stress as an occasional case which
comprises the criteria mentioned in design code of B31.3.
 Flare piping system shall be designed to take care of expansion, movement, or
vibration caused by the most sever operating or emergency conditions, and is to be
constrained against a tendency to move off its supports. Flare header shall be
furnished by pipe shoes or saddles at all supports.
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8.9 Vibration

 Piping system connected to reciprocating compressors shall receive ana log study/
dynamic analysis by compressor Vendor to avoid vibration problem. Vendor shall
confirm type, location of pipe supports and resistance directions at each individual
support.
 Control valve piping should be equipped with no gap semi-anchor supports in order
to avoid vibration.
 Lines subjected to slug forces must have provisions to increase natural frequency to
a value greater than 4 Hz in order to control vibrations.
9 DISPLACEMENT EFFECTS
Thermal expansion, restraint flexibility and externally imposed displacement can cause
displacement in a piping system.
Below Items shall be considered in stress analysis due to effect of displacement :
9.1 Displacement due to Thermal Expansion

 Displacement of piping intersection points (e.g. branch points, tees), pipe

displacement more than 300mm horizontally and more than 100 mm at pipe bends
or turns shall be considered in order to avoid deformation and/or clash with any
obstruction (e.g. pipe to pipe or pipe to beam).
 However, greater movements could be allowed if space is available.
9.2 Displacement due to Sustain Effect
Pipe sagging shall be checked and justified if it is more than 1 0mm.

10 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
Caesar II software (COADE engineering software Co.) version 5.3 shall be used for
comprehensive analysis.
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11 UNITS
 According to client specification, thr engineering system of unit shall be based on
The international system of Units (SI).In addition, piping nominal size shall be
Expressed in inch while piping rating shall be expressed in pounds.

Quantity Unit

Pressure Bar (G=gauge)

Temperature ˚C
Length mm
Density Kg/m 3
Wind Pressure N/m2
g’s
Seismic Uniformly Distributed Load
(fraction of Gravity Acceleration)
Translational Stiffness N/mm
Rotational Stiffness N.m/deg
Variable Spring Support Rate N/mm
Stress Mpa
Translational Displacement mm
Rotational Displacement deg
Force N
Moment (Torque) N.m

12 CODE AND STANDARD COMPLIANCE

12.1 Piping Systems

 Piping flexibility analysis shall be in accordance with ASME B31.3. The computed
stress range shall be less than allowable stress range as defined in ASME B31.3
unless otherwise specified.
 Stress analysis calculation s including sustain and expansion stresses, displacements
and nozzle loads of fixed equipment shall be made by Design temperature of
respective lines.
 Nozzle load calculation and evaluation of rotary equipment and spring hanger
design shall be accomplished by operating temperature of respective lines.
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12.2 API, ANSI, ISO pumps

 External forces and moments acting on nozzles of API pumps (steel, alloy steel
horizontal pumps and vertically suspend pumps) due to suction and discharge
connecting pipe shall be in compliance with Table 2-1 of API 610 and / or pump
vendor data. If nozzle size is larger than 16 NPS, allowable loads shall be submitted
by pump vendor.
 Pipe connected to the nozzles shall be supported such that the primary loads are
eliminated or minimized in sustain case.
 Allowable nozzle loads of ASME and ISO pumps shall be those as stated in related
standards, unless otherwise specified by vendors.
 Suction and discharge nozzles movement due to expansion of the casing of the
pump shall be considered precisely. Modeling of the pump by Caesar II facilities is
preferred.
12.3 Centrifugal Compressor

 External forces and moments acting on nozzles of centrifugal compressor

(centrifugal compressors for petroleum, chemical and gas service industries) due to
suction and discharge connecting pipe shall be in compliance with API 617 and/ or
Vendor data.
 Suctions and discharges nozzles movement due to expansion of the casing of the
centrifugal compressor shall be requested from vendor and shall be considered in
analysis precisely.
 Pipe connected to the nozzles shall be supported such that the primary loads are
eliminated or minimized in sustain case.
 The combination of loads shall be resolved around flange face of suction nozzle
(resolution point) and the load resultant shall be in compliance with API 617.
12.4 Reciprocating Compressor

 Although the API 618 (reciprocating compressor for petroleum, chemical and gas
services industries) is the design code for reciprocating compressors, however
allowable forces and moment on reciprocating compressors nozzles shall be in
compliance with Vendor data. The piping system around reciprocating compressors
shall be commented by compressor vendor in order to be in compliance with vendor
data and requirements.
 The designed piping shall be supported inasmuch as supports and hold downs on
lines to and from reciprocating compressors and pumps shall be arranged so that the
natural frequency of the piping system does not respond to the forcing frequency of
the equipment under all modes of operation up to and including fourth harmonic
mode.
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 Suction and discharges nozzles movement due to expansion of the reciprocating

compressor casing shall be considered in analysis. These data can be requested from
the Vendor.

12.5 Fired Heater

External forces and moments on nozzles of fired heater shall be in compliance with API
560 (fired heaters for general refinery services). But requisition of allowable loads and
displacement of nozzle from vendor are preferred. Nozzle displacement and stress
calculation inside the fired heater (tubing) is in vendor scope of work.
12.6 Air Cooled Heat Exchanger
External forces and moments on inlet and outlet nozzles of air cooled heat exchanger
shall be in compliance with API 661 and/ or vendor data.
12.7 Pressure Vessels (Reactor, Exchanger, Drum and Tower)

 External forces and moments on nozzles of pressure vessel shall be less than the
allowable load in Specification for nozzle loads and moments Doc No "3607/34-78-
ED-ME-SP-4200". In case in which the loads (forces and moments) exceed the
conventional table, the calculated loads shall be reported to equipment department
for approval.
 Nozzles movement due to expansion of the equipment shall be considered precisely.
Modeling of the pressure vessels by Caesar II facilities is preferred.
 Nozzle flexibility values calculated based on WRC 297or PD 5500 by Caesar II
modeling or any other value calculated by Vendor can be utilized for reducing the
nozzle loads.
12.8 Tanks

 External forces and moments on nozzles of tank with diameter greater or equal than
36m shall be in compliance with API 650 (welded steel tanks for oil storage
Appendix # P).
 If tank diameter is less than 36 m, Appendix # P page 18 is reference for allowable
load, displacement and nozzle flexibility calculation.
 For low pressure storage tanks requirements of API 620 shall be met.

B1  For pressure vessels, allowable nozzle load table (document number 3607/33-00-
ED-ME-SP-0001) shall be followed.
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12.9 Other Equipment

 External forces and moments and nozzle boundary conditions of other equipment
(e.g. filter, boiler, and aluminum brazed heat exchangers) which are made according
to Vendor standard shall be in compliance with Vendor data.
 Standards and required data shall be requested from vendor in a right time of detail
engineering phase.
12.10 Flange Leakage
12.10.1 Flange Leakage Criteria

The flange leakage shall be evaluated for following critical lines:

 All lines with rating ≥ 600
 All lines with NPS > 24

 All sour service and category M service lines with maximum operating temperature
> 180 °C
 All lines with minimum operating temperature < -29 °C
 All lines with rating ≤150 and maximum operating temperature > 204 °C
 All lines with maximum operating temperature > 400 °C
 All lines where calculated equipment nozzle loads on face of flange are greater than
100% of the allowable loads.
 Method used for flange leakage shall be “equivalent pressure method” as an
alternative NC-3658.3 of ASME Sec. III sub-section NC can be used.
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13 DOCUMENTATION
Following documents shall be prepared during detail engineering phase.
 Stress calculation report
The hard copy report of a piping stress calculation shall contain at least the
following items:
 Cover sheet, list of included lines
 Isometric stress sketch of selected piping system with dimension which
indicates support position, support function support nodes, node numbers of
direction changes and maximum stress value point.
 Copy of P&ID with highlighted selected lines for calculation
 Piping design data for selected lines
 Control valve weight
 Spring support data
 Hand calculations (If any)
 Equipment nozzle load summary
 Code stress summary and load case description
 Restraints summary of Caesar II output
 Any communicated information from and to Vendors the OWNER related to
the current job (e.g. vendor approval of excessive loads from standard on
equipment nozzle).
 Other design and calculated information / data
 Data sheets of stress analysis related items such as:
 Shock Absorbers
 Expansion Joints
 Rigid Struts
 Springs
Stress engineer shall trace these items up to finalization of purchasing process.