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From Eemaan (faith) in Allaah is to have eemaan in those of His Asmaa'ul-Husnaa (Beautiful
names) and Sifaatul-Ulyaa (Lofty Attributes) that occur in His Great Book and that have been
affirmed by His trustworthy Messenger (sallallaahu `alaihi wasallam) -without tahreef (distorting
the wording or the meaning), tateel (divesting or denying the Attributes), takyeef(asking how) or
tamtheel (resembling Allaah to any of His creation). Rather,it is obligatory to leave them as they
came, without takyeef (asking how) or tamtheel (resembling Allaah to any of His creation).
Along with this, it is also obligatory to have eemaan in the meaning that Allaah-the Mighty and
Majestic-has been described with, in a way which befits Him: without resembling Him to His
creation in any of His attributes.
"And do not put forward any similitudes for Allaah.Indeed,Allaah knows and you do not know"
(3)
So this is the 'aqeedah (belief) of Ahlu-Sunah wal-Jammaaah from the Companions of the
Messenger (sallallaahu `alaihi wasallam) and those who followed them in goodness. This is what
has been recordeed also by Imaam Abul-Hasan al-Asharee (d.324H)(rah) in his book:"Al-
Maqaalat 'an Ashaabul-Hadeeth wa Ahlus-Sunnah". This has also been stated by many others
from the people of knowledge and eemaan.
'I asked az-Zuhree and Makhool about the aayaat pertaining to the sifaat (Attributes of Allaah),
so they said:Leave them as they are" (5)
Al-Waleed ibn Muslim (rah) said:
"I asked Maalik,al-Awzaee,Layth ibn Sad and Sufyaan ath-Thawree -(rah) about the reports
related about the Attributes, so they all said: "Leave them as they are, without asking how" (6)
"We - whilst the Tabioon were many - would say: Indeed Allaah -the Most perfect-is above His
throne,and we have eemaan in what is related to the Sunnah about the Attributes" (7)
"Al-Istiwaa (Allaah ascending) is not unknown , and how is not comprehendable, and from
Allaah is the Message, upon the Messenger is to clearly convey it, and upon us is to affirm it" (9)
Imaam Maalik(rah)-said:
This has also been related about Ummul-Mumineen Umm Salamah (raa) (12)
"We know that our Lord-the Most Perfect - is above the heavens, above his Arsh (throne),
seperate from His creation"(14)
The words of the Scholars about this matter are very numerous indeed,and it is not possible to
relate them all in such a short space. However, whosover further desires to be acquanted with
this topic, then let him turn to the books by the Scholars of Sunnah about this subject,such as the
book: Kitaabus-Sunnah by 'Abdullaah the son of Imaam Ahmad (d.290H), Kitaabut-Tawheed by
the great Imaam, Muhammad ibn Khuzaymah(d.311H), Kitaabus-Sunnah by Abdul-Qaasim al-
Laalikaaee at-Tabaree(d.418H),a nd Kitaabus-Sunnah by Abu Bakr Ibn Abee -'Aasim (d.287H)
Refer also the reply given by Shakykhul-Islaam Ibn Taymiyyah (d.728H) to the people of
Hamah (entitled al-'Aqeedatul-Hamawiyyah), as it is a great reply, full of benefit. In it he(rah)-
has made clear the aqeedah of Ahlus-Sunnah, and has recorded many of the sayings of the
scholars, as well as giving proofs from both the Sharee'ah and sound reasoning about the
correctness of what Ahlus-Sunnah say,s howing also the futility of those who oppose them.
So, Ahlus-Sunnah wal-Jamaa'ah affirm for Allah -The Most Perfect -what He has affirmed for
Himself in His Noble Book, or what has been affirmed for Him by His Messenger Muhammad
(sallallaahu `alaihi wasallam) in the authentic Sunnah. Affirming without tamtheel (resemblance)
and freeing Allaah - the Most Perfect - from any resemblance to His creation, whilst also
rejecting and being free from ta'teel. So whosoever holds fast to the truth which Allaah sent,
humbling and accepting it, whilst being sincere to Allaah in the quest for it, then it is the way of
Allah - the Most perfect - that He will grant such a person harmony with the truth and show them
His clear evidences, as Allaah - the Most High - mentions:
"Nay! We hurl truth against falsehood, so it destroys it: and behold, falsehood is vanquished.."
(15)
"And no example or similitude do they bring, except We reveal to you the truth and the best
explanation thereof..." (16)
Al-Haafidh Ib Katheer(d.774H) (rah) explained in his famous tafseer - whilst commenting upon
the saying of Allaah - the Mighty and Majestic:
"Indeed your Lord is He who created the heavens and the earth in six days, then He ascended
(istiwaa) over the throne" (17)
He explained this issue in a most beautiful manner, which I have quoted here in its entirety,due
to its great benefit.
" (distortion) means: changing the wordings of the Names and attributes, or changing
their meanings. Like the saying of the Jahmiyyah that istiwaa(ascending above) is istawlaa
(conquering and having dominion over); and like the saying of some of the Innovators that al-
Ghadab (Anger) when refering to Allaah means 'intending to send blessings'. And all of this is
tahreef. And their saying about istiwaa that it is istawlaa is tahreef of the wording, and their
saying that ar-Rahmah is intending to send to send blessings and al-Ghadab is intending to
punish is tahreef of the meaning.The true saying,howvere is that istiwaa means ascending and
being above- as is clear in the Arabic language. And the QURAN came to show that its meaning
is ascending and being above the arsh (Throne) in a manner which befits Allaahs Majesty and
Greatness. Likewise,al-Ghadab and ar-Rahmanhare two real Attributes befitting Allahs Majesty
and Greatness-just as is the case with the rest of the Attributes reported in the Book and the
Sunnah.
(divesting) means; removal of the attributes and to deny them for allaah -the Most high. It
is taken from their saying: 'A graceful neck without adornment (muattal) .So the Jahmiyyah and
their like divest Allaah of His attributes and are thus called the Muaattilah. And this saying of
theirs is totally futile, since it is not posible for there to be anything in existence without
attributes - and the Quran and the Sunnah repeatedly affirm Attributes (for Allaah) in a manner
befitting Allaah's Majesty and Greatness.
means: Explaining how the Attributes are. So it is not said :"How did he ascend?"
Since, speaking about the Attributes of Allaah follows the same principle, and is treated the
same, as speaking about the Dhaat (Essence/Self) of Allah. So just as He has a Dhaat and we do
not not know how it is,t hen likewise, He has Siffat (Attributes) and we do not know how they
are either, no one knows that except Him. But we believe in the reality of their meaning.
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As regards to
, then it means: tashbeeh (making resemblance). So it is not said: Allaah
has a Dhaat (Essence) like ours,or resembling ours,etc. Thus, it is not said about the Attributes of
Allaah that they are like --or resembling -- our Attributes. Rather,the Believer must stick to His -
the Most High's --saying: "There is nothing like Him". And the meaning is that there is none who
resembles Him.
Note: Shaykhul-Islaam Ibn Taymiyyah (d.728H) mentioned:If it is said to you: We interpret the
meaning of Anger to be 'desiring' to punish ' and Mercy to be desiring to send blessings'then say:
Does this desiring resemble that of the creation, or is ita desiring befitting His majesty and
Greatness? So if he says the first --then he has done tashbeeh ! And if he says the second,then
say: Then why do you not say, 'Mercy and Anger befitting His Majesty and Greatness? And this
put will put and end to his argument".
1.Al-Aqeedatus-Saheehah wa Ma Yudaadahaa(pp.9-13)
10.He is Abu Abdullah Maalik ibn Anas--The Imaam from the Athaaut-Tabioon of al-Madeenah
and one of the scholars of Ahlus-Sunnah.Imaam ash-Shafiee said:"When the scholars are
mentioned ,then Maailik is a dazzling star".He died i 179H.Refer to Siyaar Alaamun-
Nubaala(7/366) of adh-Dhabhabee for a complete biography.
12.Related by al-Laalikaaee in Sharh Usool Itiqaad (no.663). Ibn Taymiyyah said in al-
Fataawaa(5/365):"Its isnaad cannot be relied upon"Adh-Dhahabee said in al-'Uluww(p.82):
"This saying has been preserved from a group,such as Rabi'atur-raee,maailik and Abu Jafarat -
Tirmidhee. However,the narration from Umm Salamah is not authentic -since Abu Kinaanah is
not reliable and Abu Ameer is not known." So the Shaykh was indeed correct in not definitely
ascribing this saying to the Mother of the Believers, Umm Salamah-and all Praise is for Allaah.