Aerospace Department

Gas Turbine and Rocket Propulsion

(SPC492)

Instructor:

Ahmed Eltaweel (ahmed.t.eltaweel@gmail.com)

TAs:

Asmaa Alaa (aseldeen@zewailcity.edu.eg)

Basma Ibrahim (bibrahim@zewailcity.edu.eg)

Lubna Arafa (larafah@zewailcity.edu.eg)



Spring 2018



 Course Contents

•  Review of thermodynamics and gas dynamics

•  Gas turbine cycle thermodynamics and thrust
equation

•  Engine component performance

•  Design point analysis of ideal and real cycles of:

–  Turbojet engines

–  Turbofan engines

–  Turboprop engines

 Course Contents (Cont.)

•  Off-design performance of:

–  Turbojet engines

–  Turbofan engines

–  Turboprop engines

•  Rocket thermodynamics

•  Rocket component analysis

 Course Objectives

•  Generally, the objective is to provide the capability of
conducting preliminary engine design analysis:

–  Analyze and optimize aero-gas turbine engines at design
point.

–  Evaluate engines off design performance.

–  Integrate design point and off design performance into

global preliminary design scheme.

 References

•  Text Book: Jack D. Mattingly, “Elements of Gas Turbine
Propulsion”, McGraw-Hill 1996.

•  Additional references:

–  J.D. Mattingly, “Elements of Propulsion Gas Turbines and Rockets”,
2006.

–  S.Faroukhi, “Aircraft Propulsion”, 2009.

–  H. Cohen, G.F.C Rogers, H.Saravanamuttoo, “Gas Turbine Theory”,
1996.

–  J.L.Kerrbrock, “Aircraft Gas Turbines and Engines”, 1992.

–  P.G. Hill, G.R.Peterson, “Mechanics and Thermodynamics of
Propulsion”, 1992.

–  J.D.Mattingly, W.H.Hieser, D.H.Daley, “Aircraft Engine Design”,
2002.

 Introduction

•  What is propulsion?

–  To move a vehicle by generating thrust force that has
magnitude and direction

–  To obtain such propulsive force, engines consumes fuel.

–  Propulsion is an applied and multidisciplinary field (thermal

science, aerodynamics, stress analysis, control, production,
materials)

 Introduction: Types of GTEs

 

•  Turbojet engine.
 

•  Low bypass turbofan engines (mixed)

 

•  High bypass turbofan engine (unmixed)

1.2. COMPRESSIBLE FLOW
 

•  Direct drive turboprop engines

 

•  Ramjet engines
Figure 1.2: Nozzles and compression devices for rockets
 Introduction: Types of GTEs

•  Single Spool Turbojet Engine

(General Electric J85-GE-17A Turbojet)

Northrop F5 Tiger II

 Introduction: Types of GTEs

•  Two Spool Turbojet Engine

(Rolls Royce-SNECMA Olympus 593)

HP compressor
LP compressor
After

Burner

LP turbine
HP turbine
Concorde

Northrop F5 Tiger II

 Introduction: Types of GTEs

•  Two Stream Turbofan Engine

(PW 4000-turbofan Engine)

Airbus A310-300

Northrop F5 Tiger II

 Introduction: Types of GTEs

•  Two Stream Turbofan Engine

(Pratt Whitney-F100-PW-229)

F 16

Northrop F5 Tiger II

 Introduction: Types of GTEs

•  Direct Drive Turboprop Engine

Mitsubishi MU-2
(Garrett TPE331)

Northrop F5 Tiger II

 Introduction: Types of GTEs

•  Free Turbine Turboprop Engine

(Pratt Whitney T6)

Northrop F5 Tiger II

de Havilland Canada Dash 7

 Introduction: How to assess engine performance ?

•  The Range Factor (RF) considers the impact of the specific
fuel consumption on the final choice (Wf).

•  The variations in engine weight (Weng) resulting from

engine type and variations in the design parameters are
also considered.

•  In addition, the engine drag (Deng) impact due to engine

configuration and size is also included in the RF.

w f + w eng
RF =
F − D eng
Introduction: How to assess engine performance ?

RF =1000 KM

Introduction: How to assess engine performance ?

RF =8000 KM

 Introduction: How to assess engine performance ?

•  Propulsive Efficiency

F.V0 2F.V0
!p = !

w! o m! eVe2 " m! 0V02

•  The main loss is the KE dumped into the atmosphere.

•  For single stream jet engine

2V0 2 2
!p = ! !
Ve +V0 Ve +1 ( F ) 1 + 2
V0 m! 0 V0
 Introduction: How to assess engine performance ?

•  Propulsive Efficiency (cont.)

 Introduction: How to assess engine performance ?

•  Of course the thrust is the main output for propelling engines. It is
the price of obtaining that thrust which is set for comparison.
INTRODUC

1.3

"--Turbojet

•  An obvious parameter is the I.I )/

,/~
"/

specific fuel consumption /

/
I Low-BPR turbofan

/ /
(SFC) S=fuel flow rate/Thrust
'f§
,
/ /...._____
/
iil 0.7 High-BPR turbofan
(
8 Conventionalprop.,.....-//
/,
.
-.......
]
0.5 / / /1.11 ~vanced prclp lill• __./
t
<ll /
/ I

0.3
//C-
......
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Aircraft Mach number

FIGURE 1-17b
Thrust specific fuel consumption characteristics of typical aircraft engines. (Courtesy o
Whitney.) .
Introduction: Why Gas Turbine Engines?