Sk Jahiruddin Math Methods Basic

Fourier Laplace
1. f(x) is a periodic
( function of x with a period of 2π. In the interval −π ≤ x ≤ π, f(x) is given
0 −π < x < 0
by f(x)=
sin(x) 0 < x < π
In the expansion of f(x) as a Fourier series of sine and cosine functions, the coefficients of
cos(2x) is (JAM 2007)
2 1 2
(a) (b) (c) 0 (d) − Ans = (d)
3π π 3π
2. In the Fourier series of the periodic function (show in figure)

∞
X
f (x) = | sin x| = [αn cos nx + βn sin nx]
n=0

Which of the following coefficients are non-zero? (JAM 2009)

(a) αn for odd n (b) αn for even n (c) βn for odd n (d) βn for even n Ans
= (b)

3. Consider
( a periodic function f(x), with periodicity 2π
c 0≤x<π
f(x)= where c is a constant.
0 π ≤ x < 2π
(a) Expand f(x) in a Fourier series.
π
(b) From the result obtained in (a), show that 4
= 1 − 13 + 15 − 71 + 19 − .... (JAM 2012)

4. The Fourier series for an arbitrary periodic function with peroid 2L, is given by
∞
a0 X nπx nπx
f (x) = + an cos + bn sin
2 n=1
L L

For the particular periodic function shown in the figure. The value of a0 is (JAM 2015)
(a) 0 (b) 0.5 (c) 1 (d) 2

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5. Fourier series of a given function f (x) in the interval 0 to L is

∞
a0 X 2nπx 2nπx
f (x) = + an cos + bn sin
2 n=1
L L

If f (x) = x in the region (0, π), b2 = (JAM 2016)

6. f (x) is a symmetric periodic function of x i.e. f (x) = (−x). Then,in general, the Fourier
series of thePfunction f (x) will be of the form (GATE 2013)
(a) f (x) = inf ty
(an cos(nkx) + bn sin(nkx))
Pn=1
inf ty
(b) f (x) = n=1 (an cos(nkx))
(c) f (x) = inf
P ty
(bn sin(nkx))
Pn=1
inf ty
(d) f (x) = n=1 (bn sin(nkx))
Ans = (b)
R3
7. The value of 0 t2 δ(3t − 6)dt is (up to one decimal places)
(GATE 2015) Ans = 1.3

8. A periodic
( function f (x) of period 2π is defined in the interval (−π < x < π)
−1 −π < x < 0
f (x) =
0 0<x<π
The appropriate Fourier series expansion for f (x) is (GATE 2016)
(a) f (x) = ( π4 )[sin x + (sin 3x)/3 + (sin 5x)/5 + ...]
(b) f (x) = ( π4 )[sin x − (sin 3x)/3 + (sin 5x)/5 − ...]
(c) f (x) = ( π4 )[cos x + (cos 3x)/3 + (cos 5x)/5 + ...]
(d) f (x) = ( π4 )[cos x − (cos 3x)/3 + (cos 5x)/5 − ...]

( f (x) is defined in the region −1 ≤ x ≤ 1 by

9. A function
1 − x f orx ≥ 0
f (x) =
1 + x f orx < 0
The first few terms in the Fourier series approximating this function are(TIFR 2010)
(a) 21 + π42 cos πx + 9π4 2 cos 3πx + ... (b) 21 + π42 sin πx + 9π4 2 sin 3πx + ...
4 4 1 4 4
(c) π2
cos πx + 9π 2
cos 3πx + ... (d) 2
− π2
cos πx + 9π 2
cos 3πx − ...
Ans = (a)

10. The function f (x) represents the nearest integer less than x, e.g. f (3.14) = 3 The derivative
0
of this function (for arbitrary x) will be given in terms of the integers n as f (x) = (TIFR
2012) P P P
(a) 0 (b) n δ(x − n) (c) n |x − n| (d) n f (x − n)
Ans = (b)

11. In spherical polar coordinates → −r = (r, θ, φ) the delta function δ(→ −r 1−→−r 2 ) can be written as
(TIFR 2014)
(a) δ(r1 − r2 )δ(θ1 − θ2 )δ(φ1 − φ2 ) (b) r12 δ(r1 − r2 )δ(cos θ1 − cos θ2 )δ(φ1 − φ2 )
1
1 1
(c) →− →
− δ(r1 − r2 )δ(cos θ1 − cos θ2 )δ(φ 1 − φ2 ) (d) 2
δ(r1 − r2 )δ(θ1 − θ2 )δ(φ1 − φ2 )
| r 1 − r 2 |2 r1 cos θ1
Ans = (b)

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12. The coefficient of eikx in the Fourier expansion of u(x) = A sin2 (αx) for k = −2α is (GATE
2017)
(a) A/4 (b) -A/4 (c) A/2 (d) -A/2 Ans = (b)

13. For the (Fourier series of the following function of period 2π

0 −π < x < 0
f (x) = The ratio (to the nearest integer) of the Fourier coefficients of the
1 0<x<π
first and the third harmonic is (JAM -17)
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 6 Ans = (c)

14. The function f (x) = cosh(x) which exists in the range −π ≤ x ≤ π is periodically repeated
between x = (2m − 1)π, where m = −∞to + ∞. Using Fourier series, indicate the correct
relation at x = 0 (JEST 17)
∞ ∞
X (−1)n 1 π  X (−1)n π
(a) = −1 (b) =2
n=−∞
1 − n2 2 coshπ n=−∞
1−n 2 coshπ
∞ ∞
X (−1)−n π X (−1)n 1 π 
(c) 2
=2 (d) = − 1
n=−∞
1+n coshπ n=1
1 + n2 2 sinhπ

Ans = (d)

15. Consider the waveform x(t) shown in the diagram below. The Fourier series for x(t) which

gives the
 closest approximation to this waveform
 is (TIFR
 2017) 
2 πt 1 4πt 1 3πt 2 πt 1 2πt 1 3πt
(a) cos − cos + cos + .... (b) − sin + sin − sin + ....
π T 2 T 3 T π T 2 T 3 T
   
2 πt 1 2πt 1 3πt 2 2πt 1 4πt 1 6πt
(c) sin − sin + sin + .... (d) − cos + cos − cos + ....
π T 2 T 3 T π T 2 T 3 T
Ans = (c)

16. The k th Fourier component of f (x) = δ(x) is (GATE - 2006)

(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) (2π)−1/2 (d) (2π)−3/2 ans = (c)
s+1
17. Inverse Laplace transforms of is: (GATE - 2007)
s2 − 4
(a)cos 2x + 21 sin 2x (b)cos x + 12 sin x (c) cosh x + 21 sinh x (d)cosh 2x + 12 sinh 2x
ans = (d)

18. The Fourier transform F [δ(x − a)] = exp(−2πiav) will correspond to: (GATE - 2008)
(a) δ(x − a) − δ(x + a) (b) a constant (c) 12 [δ(x − a) + iδ(x + a)] (d) 12 [δ(x − a) + δ(x + a)]
ans = (d)

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19. If
f (x) = 0 ∀x < 3
= x − s ∀x ≥ 3
then the Laplace transform of f (x) is: (GATE - 2010)
(a) s−2 e3x (b) s2 e−3x (c) s−2 (d) s−2 e−3x ans = (d)
20. Which one of the following pairs of the given functon F (t) and its Laplace transform f (s) is
NOT correct? (GATE - 2013)
(a) F (t) = δ(t), f (s) = 1, singularity at +0
1
(b) F (t) = 1, f (s) = , (s > 0)
s
s
(c) F (t) = sin(kt), f (s) = 2 , (s > 0)
s + k2
1
(d) F (t) = tekt , f (s) = , (s > k, s > 0) ans = (c)
(s − k)2
21. The Heaviside function is defined as
H(t) = +1 ∀t > 0
= −1 ∀t < 0
and its Fourier transform is given by −2i/ω. The Fourier transform of 21 [H(t + 12 ) − H(t − 12 )]
is: (GATE - 2015)

sin( ω2 ) cos( ω2 )
(a) ω (b) ω (c) sin( ω2 ) (d) 0 ans = (a)
2 2

22. The Laplace transformation of e−2t sin(4t) is: (JEST-14)

4 4 4s 4s
(a) 2 (b) 2 ans = (b)
s + 4s + 25 s + 4s + 20 s2 + 4s + 20 2s2 + 4s + 20
R∞
23. The Dirac delta function δ(x) satisfies the relation −∞ f (x)δ(x)dx = f (0) for a well behaved
function f (x). If x has dimension of momentum, then (JEST-14)
(a) δ(x) has dimension of momentum (b) δ(x) has dimension of (momentum)2
(c) δ(x) is dimensionless (d) δ(x) has dimension of (momentum)−1 ans = (d)
R∞
24. The integral −∞ dxδ(x2 − π 2 ) cos x evaluates to (TIFR 2013)
(a) −1 (b) 0 (c) 1/π −1/π ans = (d)
25. The graph of the function
f (x) = 1 for 2n ≤ x ≤ 2n + 1
=0 for 2n + 1 ≤ x ≤ 2n + 2
where n = 0, 1, 2, ... is shown below.(NET Dec 11)
1 + e−s 1 − e−s 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) ans = (c)
s s s(1 + e−s ) s(1 − e−s )
1
26. The inverse Laplace transform of is (NET Jun 13)
s2 (s + 1)

(a) 21 t2 e−t (b) 12 t2 + 1 − e−t (c) 1 − 1 + e−t (d) 21 t2 (1 − e−t )

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∂2 ∂2 ∂2 ∂2 1
27. The expression ∂x21
+ ∂x22
+ ∂x23
+ ∂x24
+ (x21 +x22 +x23 +x24 )
is proportional to: (NET Dec 13)

(a) δ(x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 ) (b) δ(x1 )δ(x2 )δ(x3 )δ(x4 )

(c) (x21 + x22 + x23 + x24 )−3/2 (d) (x21 + x22 + x23 + x24 )−2

28. The Fourier transform of the Dirac δ function, is proportional to:(NET Dec 13) Ans (b)
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) sin k (d) ik Ans = (d)

29. The graph of a real periodic function f (x) for the range (−∞, ∞) is shown below: (NET Jun
14) Which of the following graphs represents the real part of its Fourier transform?

30. The Laplace transform of 6t3 + 3 sin 4t is

36 12 36 12 18 12 36 12
(a) 4 + 2 (b) 4 + 2 (c) 4
+ 2 (d) 3
+ 2
s s + 16 s s − 16 s s − 16 s s + 16
Ans = (a)

31. Consider the periodic function f (t) with time period T as shown in the figure below: The
spikes, located at t = 21 (2n − 1) where n = 0, ±1, ±2 are Dirac-delta functions of strength ±1.
∞
P 2niπt
The amplitudes an of the Fourier expansion: f (t) = an e T is; (NET Jun 15)
−∞
n 1 nπ nπ
(a) (−1) (b) nπ
sin 2
(c) i sin 2
(d) nπ Ans = (c)

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R∞
32. The Fourier transform of f (x) is f˜(k) = ∞ dxeikx f (x). If f (x) = αδ(x) + βδ 0 (x) + γδ 00 (x),
where δ(x) denotes the Dirac delta function and prime denotes derivative, what is f˜(k)? (NET
Dec 15)

(a) α + iβk + iγk 2 (b) α + βk − γk 2 (c) α − iβk − γk 2 (d) iα + βk − iγk 2

Ans = (c)
33. A functon f (x) satisfies the differential equation:
df
− ω 2 f = −δ(x − a)
dx2
R∞
where ω is positive. The Fourier transform f˜(k) = −∞ dxeikx f (x) of f and the solution of
the equation are, respectively, (NET Dec 15)
eika 1 −ω|x−a| ω|x−a|

eika 1 −ω|x−a|
(a) 2 2
and e + e (b) 2 2
and e
k +w 2ω k +w 2ω
eika 1 −ω|x−a| ω|x−a|

eika 1 −ω|x−a| ω|x−a|


(c) 2 and e + e (d) and 2ω
e − e
k − w2 2ω k2 − w2
34. What is the Fourier transform dxeikx f (x) of f (x) = δ(x) + ∞ dn
R P
n=0 dxn δ(x) (NET June 16)
1 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) Ans = (b)
1 − ik 1 + ik k+i k−i
R∞ 1
35. The Fourier transform −∞ dxf (x)eikx of the function f (x) = 2 is: (NET Dec 16)
√ √ √ √ √ √ x +2
(a) 2πe− 2|k| (b) 2πe− 2k (c) √π2 e− 2k (d) √π2 e− 2|k| Ans = (d)

36. The Laplace transform of (NET Dec 16)

t
f (t) = , 0<t<T
T
=1 t>T

(1 − e−sT ) (1 − e−sT ) (1 + e−sT ) (1 − esT )

(a)− (b) (c) (d) Ans = (b)
s2 T s2 T s2 T s2 T
1
37. The Fourier transform of the function up to a proportionality constant is (JEST
x4 + 3x2 + 2
17)
√ √ √
(a) 2 exp (−k 2 ) − exp (−2k 2 ) (b) 2 exp(−|k|) − exp(− 2|k|)
√ p √ √ √
(c) 2 exp(− |k|) − exp(− 2|k|) (d) 2 exp(− 2k 2 ) − exp(−2k 2 )
Ans = (b)

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