Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 SCOPE 3
2 ORGANISATION 3
3 RESPONSIBILITIES 3
3.1 Content ............................................................................................................ 3
3.2 Implementation ................................................................................................ 3
4 HOLD LIST 3
5 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS 3
5.1 Definitions........................................................................................................ 5
5.2 Abbreviations .................................................................................................. 5
6 PROCESS PIPING 6
6.1 Pipe Design ..................................................................................................... 6
6.2 Line Sizing ....................................................................................................... 6
6.3 Layout and Clearance ..................................................................................... 7
6.4 Thermal Expansion and Support .................................................................... 9
6.5 Process Drains and Vents............................................................................... 9
6.6 Closed Drain System .................................................................................... 10
6.7 Strainers ........................................................................................................ 10
6.8 Valves............................................................................................................ 11
6.9 Pressure Safety Valves (PSVS) .................................................................... 13
6.10 Piping to Pumps, Vessels and Equipment .................................................... 13
7 UTILITY PIPING 14
7.1 Seawater, Utility Water and Potable Water Piping ....................................... 14
7.2 Utility Air and Instrument Air Piping .............................................................. 15
7.3 Operational Requirements of Instrument Air:................................................ 15
7.4 Heating Media Piping .................................................................................... 15
7.5 Fire Water System ........................................................................................ 16
7.6 eck Drains ..................................................................................................... 16
8 MARINE PIPING 16
8.1 General.......................................................................................................... 16
8.2 Steam & Condensate Piping ......................................................................... 17
8.3 Feed Water Piping System ........................................................................... 18
9 PIPING CONNECTIONS 18
9.1 General.......................................................................................................... 18
9.2 Butt Weld Connections .................................................................................. 18
9.3 Socket Weld Connections ............................................................................. 19
9.4 Flange Connections ...................................................................................... 19
9.5 Threaded Connections .................................................................................. 20
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PIPING DESIGN PREMISE
1 Scope
The purpose of this document is to define the minimum requirements for the design of piping to
be installed on Catcher FPSO, located offshore UK continental shelf whose design life shall be 20
years minimum.
2 Organisation
This Piping Design premise applies to Catcher project team and Contractors, which manage,
design, engineer, construction and deliver assets to BWO or BWO Client.
3 Responsibilities
3.1 Content
Catcher Project Engineering Manager is responsible for the content and the continuous updating
of this premise. The document shall not be altered or omitted without this position’s consent.
3.2 Implementation
All discipline leads are responsible for the implementation of this premise. Typical users are BWO
engineering team and sub-contractors; construction, commissioning and operations personnel.
Lead Piping & Layout will facilitate this process.
4 HOLD List
Documents on hold to be issued in the Execution fase.
Controlled Bolt Torquing and Tensioning Procedure
Paining Specification
Specification for Pressure Testing and Flushing of Pipes
Specification for the Examination of Piping and Structural Weld joints
5 Reference Documents
The design of piping systems and the piping material data sheets shall be in accordance with the
latest edition of the codes and standards listed below. A particular code or standard that will
apply during the course of design and fabrication shall be the latest revision published at the time
of design start.
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Conflicts
If conflicts occur between the specification, data sheets and the referenced codes and standards,
the most stringent requirements shall apply.
5.2 Abbreviations
AARH Arithmetric Average Roughenes Height
API American Petroleum Institute
ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
BOP Bottom Of Pipe
BWO BW Offshore
CS Carbon Steel
FF Flat Faced
FPSO Floating Production Storage & Offloading
FRP Fibre Reinforced Pipe
MPI Magnetic Particle Inspection
NDT Non Destructive Testing
NFPA nal Fire Protection Association
NPSH Net Positive Suction Head
PD Positive Displacement
P& ID Piping & Instrument Diagram
PSE Pressure Safety Element
PSV Pressure Safety Valve
PWHT Post Welded Heat Treatment
RF Raised Face
RT Rediography Test
RTJ Ring Type Joint
SOL Sockolet
SS Stainless Steel
TOL Tredolet
TOP Top of Pipe
UT Ultrasonic Test
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6 Process Piping
6.1 Pipe Design
6.1.1 Materials
Pipe, fittings and valves for services specified shall conform to that of the Piping & Valve Material
Specification for Topside (4251-SA-00379621) and Piping & Valve Material Specification for
Marine (4251-SA-00380674)
Operating pressure and design pressure for piping systems and pressure safety device set points
shall be determined by BW Offshore Pte Ltd (BWO) with the Contractors assistance, and shall be
as specified on the P&ID and/or Line List.
Design temperatures downstream of a pressure safety valve (PSV), control valve, or other
pressure reducing shall be as specified on the P&ID and/or Line List.
6.1.4 Loads
Piping systems shall be designed for lines filled with water for hydro testing, except for flare
headers and any other large diameter vapour lines which may be Nitrogen tested as approved by
BWO.
Piping systems on FPSO’s located in seismically active areas shall be designed to withstand
horizontal and vertical seismic accelerations in addition to gravity and operating loads.
Piping systems on floating facilities shall be designed to meet the motion criteria as defined in the
Structural Design Basis.
Pipe Stress Analysis Philosophy (4251-FD-00379659) should be referred to for calculation piping
loads.
Permanent Figure of 8 spectacle blinds or spade and spacer shall be provided dividing the piping
as shown on the P&IDs.
All pipe spools shall be visually inspected followed by applicable NDT such as RT,UT,MPI etc.
prior to PWHT.
Pipe sizes, 1 1/4, 2 1/2, 3 1/2, 5 and 7 inch, shall not be used except with prior approval of BWO.
As a general rule, all run and rack piping shall be 2-inch minimum.
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PIPING DESIGN PREMISE
If non-standard pipe sizes are part of purchased equipment, connecting pipe shall be transitioned
to the next standard size as soon as possible.
Minimum pipe sizes shall be ½ inch or ¾ inch except for the following may dictate:
Minimum pressure ratings for ¾-inch and smaller pipe fittings shall be 3000 psi.
Except for vents, flares, relief lines and fiberglass reinforced piping, single and multi-phase fluid
piping shall be sized by the methods outlined in API RP 14E.
Vents, flares and relief line piping shall be sized in accordance with API RP 521.
Typical fiberglass piping system are operated at flow velocities between 3 & 12 ft./sec.
Ensure that the arrangement and functionality provided by the layout satisfies all safety,
operations and maintenance requirements with minimum impact on space, weight and cost.
Piping shall be oriented either facility forward / aft or facility port side / starboard side
Piping shall not be oriented diagonally in the horizontal or vertical plane without prior
approval of BWO.
Un-insulated and insulated lines shall be located such that line reference points (bottom of
pipe) are at the same elevation as bottom of pipe of adjacent un-insulated lines. (i.e. on
shoes).
Piping running facility forward or facility aft shall have a minimum of 600mm vertical
separation (BOP / BOP) or 200mm clear (TOP / BOP) from piping running facility east or
facility west, unless otherwise approved by BWO.
Space shall be allocated at an early stage for primary and secondary escape routes, access
ways, main pipe/cable racks/trunks and main ductwork as well as main penetration areas.
Plated deck penetrations shall:
Employ seal welded deck penetration sleeves 150mm above deck and 25mm below
deck
Have a minimum 50mm gap between sleeve and pip.
Grated deck pipe penetration sleeves shall:
Be tack-welded to grating
Extend 50mm above and 50mm below grating
Be split to permit passage of a flange for the pipe
Gratings shall be galvanized after installation of penetration sleeve
Piping shall be arranged to achieve the shortest, most efficient and distribution effective pipe
runs imposed by process logic and equipment layout.
Piping arrangements around process vessels shall permit access to manholes and openings
in vessels with sufficient space to move davit supported covers out of the way.
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All piping and tubing shall be arranged to facilitate supporting and design shall provide for
servicing or removal of instruments, pump casings, orifice plates, heat exchanger bundles,
filter elements and other equipment parts and appurtenances.
Layout shall allow for equipment staging areas near cranes, where available, on each deck.
Piping shall consider the following safety concerns:
Crane lifts and other logistical operations over piping / vessels.
Direct fired equipment, engine and turbine exhausts and potentially hazardous
mechanical equipment in vicinity.
Local atmospheric vents, blowdown and relief of hydrocarbons relative to FPSO
orientation, potential ignition sources, seasonal wind directions, helicopter flights paths
and building air intakes.
Piping layout to avoid obstruction of Deluge Spray Pattern and Flame detection.
Piping layout should be such that it should avoid any dead legs.
The drain system shall operate satisfactory during the planned trim condition of the vessel.
The minimum slope to be as per the Drain Philosophy (4251-FD-00380109)
6.3.2 Accessibility
Access to equipment valves and instruments shall be provided for operations, disassembly and
removal.
Control valves, relief valves, shutdown valves and lubricated valves shall be located such that the
valves may be serviced or replaced. Larger valves mush have necessary permanent lifting
arrangements if not temporary arrangements can be reasonable provided.
Except for drain and vent valves used solely for construction and start-up purposes, access to
valves, controls and instruments shall be provided from deck level and if necessary, by means of
ladder stairways, walkways or elevated landings.
Gauge glasses, temperature indicators and pressure gauges/instrument local indicators shall be
visible from:
Process sampling and drain connections shall be accessible from deck or elevated platform.
Drain and sampling effluent shall be captured by the open drains system by tubing to drain or skid
pan.
6.3.3 Clearances
The following minimum clearances (with modules) in Table 1 shall be provided, unless otherwise
specifically approved by BWO:
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overhead
(including bottom of associated pipe supports)
A minimum of 50mm clearance, including insulation and flanges, shall be provided between
adjacent piping runs.
Pipe spacing and bottom elevation shall take into account insulation thickness and movement
due to thermal expansion or contraction.
Lines with orifice meter assemblies, Space and spacer and spectacle blinds shall have sufficient
operational clearance and clearance for installation and removal.
Passageways for personnel access and movement and designated escape or evacuation routes
within modules shall be a minimum as per of 1.0m wide and secondary access shall be a min. of
0.8m wide with overhead clearance indicated in Table 1. Also see:
4256-FD-00372546 Safety Philosophy
Low elevation piping and / or pipe stiles shall not be permitted in designated escape or
evacuation routes. Low elevation piping in other passageways may only be used with BWO
approval. Pipe stile must be used. Dead ends not to exceed 7m in length on Topside Modules.
6.3.5 Earthing
Drain valves shall be installed between isolation valves and either side of Pressure Reducing
valves where liquid may be trapped. In addition, if any other places where piping layout feel the
chances of liquid traping or drop out, a drain should be provided. Bleed rings may be used for this
purpose if a location is not otherwise available for a TOL or SOL.
Low point drains shall conform to the following minimum size connection in Table 2:
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Operational low point drains in process service shall be piped with block valves to the closed
drains system.
Vent, relief, flare and gas compressor suction lines shall be designed to avoid low point liquid
traps. BWO must approve unavoidable traps, an operational low point drain shall be installed at
low points.
P&IDs shall be revised to include operational high point vents and low point drains after
completion of the piping design layout. To be included on as-built P&ID’s.
Low point drains shall be installed at the end of the Instrument Air and Utility Air headers.
Be manifold together
Be connected to the closed drain system.
Have both ends of manifold blind flanged for clean out or local draining to skid pan.
Vessel drain connections not connected to closed drain system shall have a valve with a blind
flange installed.
6.5.3 Vents
Valve vents shall be installed where periodic vapour accumulation may be detrimental to
downstream equipment such as pumps and heat exchangers.
Vents required only for hydro testing may be plugged without a valve. Frequently operated
valves shall be piped to the process vent system.
6.5.4 Plugs
Drain and vent valves not piped to specific locations shall be plugged, capped or blind flanged as
appropriate.
6.7 Strainers
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PIPING DESIGN PREMISE
Temporary and permanent strainers shall have net open area equal to or greater than 150% of
cross sectional area of inline piping.
Suction lines to rotating equipment (compressors, pumps, etc) shall have temporary or
permanent strainers.
Piping layout should allow easy removal of strainers for maintenance and replacement.
Temporary strainers shall be provided upstream of pumps, plate heat exchangers, control valves
with noise abatement trim and other items subject to plugging.
Piping shall be arranged to permit removal of temporary strainers from flanged joints without
altering pipe, pipe supports or equipment alignment.
Piping normally carrying fluids containing materials detrimental to the operation of instruments
and equipment shall have permanent strainers upstream of instruments and equipment.
Permanent strainers shall be installed upstream of turbine of PD meter in produced liquid service.
6.8 Valves
6.8.1 General
If piping specification changes at a valve, the valve shall be rated for the higher pressure and
coincident temperature specification. Specification changes shall be indicated on the P&IDs.
The first process valve (root valve) from process piping header or vessel shall be ½ inch or ¾
inch minimum consistent with Section 3.2.1.
Unless otherwise approved by BWO, small valves shall not have bodies that screw apart.
Face – Face and End – End dimensions of butt welded and flanged valves shall be as per ASME
B16.10.
Except as specified on P&IDs, ball valve shall be used for shutoff service, including block on well
manifolds and vents and drains in pressure classes through ASME 2500 and API 5000. These
valves shall normally be reduced port.
Unless otherwise specified, full port ball valves to be used in the following applications:
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The following shall apply for the use of check valves in Table 3:
Except for low pressure service where ball valves shall be used, sample valves shall be needle
valves.
Generally chemical injection points should be located as far upstream in a piping run as practical
in order to maximize mixing.
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PSV’s shall have an upstream full port block valve that can lock in the open position for single
PSVs. For spared PSVs e.g. 2x 100%, the upstream block valves shall be able to be locked in the
open and the closed position.
A bleed valve shall be installed between the inlet isolation valve and the PSV to allow in-situ
testing.
PSV’s shall have a downstream full port block valve that will lock in the open position. A bleed
valve shall be installed between the PSV and the downstream isolation valve.
PSVs shall be mounted at the same elevation or higher than the relief header.
Check valves in pump discharge lines shall be located between pump and first block valve.
Piping at pumps shall have flexibility such that expansion or dead loads shall not imposed
excessive strain on pump casings.
If arrangements do not permit easy removal of pump, piping shall have removable spool pieces.
Flanged check valves or flange fittings between discharge and suction block valves and pump
may be used in lieu of spool pieces.
Pump casing and auxiliary drain connections on non-hydrocarbon pumps shall be piped to open
drain headers.
Eccentric reducers on horizontal pump suctions shall be installed with top flat (TF).
Suction and discharge piping of positive displacement type compressors shall provide clearance
for removal of unit and pulling rotor without dismantling pipe.
Piping shall not obstruct compressor, instrumentation and seal oil components.
Lube oil return piping shall be sloped for gravity flow and have no pockets from the compressor or
turbine to the reservoir.
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PIPING DESIGN PREMISE
Distance between inlet and outlet nozzles on horizontal separators and surge vessels shall be
maximized.
Piping layout and supports shall not interfere with access to vessel man ways, gauge glasses,
primary level instruments and other facilities for operation and maintenance of units.
Spectacle blinds shall be provided when indicated on the P&IDs and piping arrangement
drawings.
Exchanger orientation and piping shall provide for operating access, maintenance clearance,
pulling the tube bundle, rodding or replacement of tubes with no or minimal dismantling of piping.
Cooling water shall be configured such that exchanger remains full of water during a water supply
failure.
7 Utility Piping
7.1 Seawater, Utility Water and Potable Water Piping
Seawater piping where seawater contains oxygen should be off material as per material selection
report. Where Carbon steel pipe is used, this must be internally coated. If not rubber line or glass
flake coated then suitable epoxy coating must be applied internally based on BWO approval.
All piping material shall be as per P&ID and material selection report.
Seawater pump discharge piping shall be arranged to permit disassembly and access by lift
equipment for pulling the motor, column pipe, line shaft (if applicable) and pump.
Overhead piping shall be arranged to permit disassembly and access by lift equipment for pulling
the pump assembly.
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PIPING DESIGN PREMISE
Processes or utilities requiring potable water shall have a hose connection. Permanent pipe
connections to the potable water system shall not be permitted.
All branch connections from the potable water header shall be from the bottom of the header.
Instrument air supply and distribution piping systems shall be designed in accordance with the
Piping & Valve Material Specification to meet the requirement of miscellaneous instrument items.
Branch connections shall have isolation valves immediately adjacent to air header, and shall be
from the top of the header.
¾ inch hose connections complete with ball valve and quick disconnect.
15m lengths of air hose.
Workshops and designated working areas shall be provided with minimum of two utility air
stations.
Heating media and steam piping shall be insulated in accordance with Insulation Specification for
Pipework and Vessels (4251-SA-00379829).
Steam piping shall be run to prevent pockets. Condensate shall be collected at low point by use
of steam trap.
Drain point shall be from the bottom of the header and steam take-offs from the top. Steam traps
shall be accessible from deck or platform.
The high operating temperature of this type of piping may require special considerations related
to:
Expansion
Temperature gradients with and without thermal insulation in flanges, gaskets and bolts
Bolt pretension loads in flanges
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Sprinkler and water spray system design and arrangement shall be in accordance with NFPA
Standard 13 and NFPA Standard 15 as applicable.
Sizes of distribution mains, laterals and risers shall be calculated to provide required flow rates
and pressures for the highest point in firewater piping system.
Lockable deluge isolation valves shall be installed to allow testing of the deluge valve without
deluging equipment.
Each section of piping that can be isolated shall contain high point and low point connections for
flushing and draining each section. A drain or vent shall be located immediately downstream of
the deluge valve.
Branch connections for deluge nozzles shall be attached to distribution header above header pipe
centre. No connections shall be permitted on lower portion of the piping.
Firewater ring main shall be configured to take advantage of the natural protection afforded by
structural members, buildings and unclassified equipment or vessels.
To benefit from the physical protection and fire protection provided by a flooded deck, firewater
ring mains and laterals on solid decks shall be located below the deck that required firewater
service.
Isolation and by-pass valves serving fire main and laterals shall be accessible from deck level.
8 Marine Piping
8.1 General
JIS standard will be used for all marine and utility pipes due to construction issues in shipyard.
8.1.1 Materials
Pipe, fittings and valves for services specified shall conform to that of the Piping & Valve Material
Specification.
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Operating pressure and design pressure for piping systems shall be determined by BW Offshore
Pte Ltd (BWO) with the Contractors assistance, and shall be as specified on the P&ID and/or Line
List.
Operating and Design temperatures shall be as specified on the P&ID and/or Line List.
8.1.4 Loads
Piping systems shall be designed for lines filled with water for hydro testing or with air for
pneumatic testing, as applicable.
Piping systems on FPSO’s located in seismically active areas shall be designed to withstand
horizontal and vertical seismic accelerations in addition to gravity and operating loads.
Piping systems on floating facilities shall be designed to meet the motion criteria as defined in the
Structural Design Basis.
Pipe Stress Analysis Philosophy (4251-FD-00379659) should be referred to for calculation piping
loads.
Permanent Figure of 8 spectacle blinds or spade and spacer shall be provided dividing the piping
as shown on the P&IDs.
All pipe spools shall be visually inspected followed by applicable NDT such as RT,UT,MPI etc.
prior to PWHT, as applicable.
Steam and condensate pipes to be designed to withstand the design internal pressures and
temperatures in accordance with applicable codes and Class rules. In addition they are designed
to take account of ample expansion and contraction without causing undue strain in pipe.
Steam pipe penetration through bulkhead and deck shall be designed with allowance for
expansion and minimize the heat transfer to adjacent deck or bulkhead.
Branch off main steam headers shall be from the top of the header to obtain dry steam and avoid
carrying over of condensate.
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PIPING DESIGN PREMISE
Each branch line shall have an isolation valve installed near the main header to allow
maintenance work without shutdown of main steam supply.
Condensate piping shall be attached to the lowest point of the equipment serviced and routed to
the steam trap so that condensate will flow by gravity to the trap.
For Steam line, all isolation valves of size 6” and over should have a warming through bypass.
Feed water pipe between boiler and the required stop valve and screw down check valve,
including these valves, are to be designed for a pressure not less than the smaller of the
following:
9 Piping Connections
9.1 General
Except for services described in Section 4.3, pipe sizes 1-1/2 inch and smaller maybe screwed.
Except where instruments may connect, pipe connections shall be ¾ inch minimum.
Thermowells mounted on lines below 4 inch size shall be blown or swage up to 4 inch.
9.2.1 Materials
9.2.2 Elbows
Mitered elbows:
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9.2.3 Bevels
Pipe ends for butt-welded of pipe and fittings shall be beveled in accordance with ASME B16.25
and as required by ASME B31.3.
9.3.1 General
Unless otherwise approved by BWO, piping 1-1/2 inch or less in diameter shall be socket welded
for the following services:
However, for vibration service, socket weld connections are not recommended.
9.4.1 Materials
At the direction and / or agreement of BWO and Class Society, proprietary end connectors such
as Techlok, Re-Flange, Graylok or Taper Lok may be used to attain weight and space savings as
well as design flexibility.
Raised face (RF) flanges shall have 125 – 250 AARH smooth finish faces in accordance with
ASME B16.5.
Ring type joint (RTJ) flanges shall have standard grooving in accordance with ASME B16.20.
Flanges mating with flat faced (FF) flanges, such as case steel pump nozzle or Bondstrand
fiberglass flanges shall be flat faced type. A connecting RF flange can be used to mate with a
pumps integral FF flange – Client.
Unless otherwise specified, flange bolt holes shall straddle normal horizontal and vertical
centreline of pipe.
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PIPING DESIGN PREMISE
Length of stud bolts shall be in accordance with ASME B16.5 plus 6mm.
Bolt threads shall extend 3mm past nuts on both ends when tightened in place.
Weld neck flanges shall be preferred for all services. Weld neck bore shall match inside
diameter of connecting pipe.
If welded reducers, swage nipples or standard fittings cannot be used, reducing flanges or
flanged fittings may only be used with prior approval of BWO.
Slip-On Flanges can be used for low pressure system upon approval by BWO.
Spectacle blinds, rather than spade-type blinds, shall be used for permanent installation (consider
a max weight limit of 25kg for handling purposes). Thickness of blinds shall be calculated in
accordance with ASME B31.3.
Spectacles, blanks and spacers shall be in accordance with API Std. 590 and ASME B31.3.
Gaskets for RF (Spiral Wound Gasket) and RTJ flanges shall be in accordance with ASME
B16.20.
Flange gaskets shall meet the requirements for the service specified in the Piping & Valve
Material Specification.
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9.5.1 Materials
Swage and pipe nipples shall be in accordance with piping material specifications for the class of
service stated in Piping & Valve Material Specification.
Pipe nipples that support gauges, valves or other devices shall be schedule 160 minimum.
Square head plugs, threaded bushings, close thread (all-thread) pipe nipples and street ells shall
not be used.
Threaded pipe connections shall have standard pipe taper threads in accordance with ASME
B1.20.1.
9.5.2 Unions
9.5.3 Vibration
Nipples, regardless of length, connected to a reciprocating pump or other equipment and piping
where vibration is anticipated shall be securely braced.
Pipe racks with widely spaced pipe rack supports shall incorporate intermediate supports.
P&IDs shall be arranged in a neat and logical manner with piping shown in most direct and
efficient layout. The following shall be adhered to as closely as practical.
Process flow and various inter-connections of pipe shall represent the physical layout of the
process system as closely as practical.
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Initial layout of process vessels and equipment shall provide adequate space to add instruments,
controls and accessories as required.
Drawings shall be kept legible and easy to interpret without resorting to miniature fonts to show
necessary information.
Equipment design data shall be collected as early as practical for inclusion in the drawings
consistent with the P&ID legend and drafting practices.
Boundary edges for skid mounted vessels and equipment shall be shown with process and utility
connections shown terminating at the skid edge with the flange or pipe connection size indicated.
Process lines carrying associated gases and vapors shall be arranged across the top of the
process vessels and equipment or at top of sheet, to include vent, relief and blowdown lines.
Process lines handling liquids and two-phase flow shall be shown below the process vessels and
equipment, or at bottom of sheet.
Adequate space across the top of the sheet shall be reserved for inserting equipment and vessel
title blocks and descriptions.
Process lines / instrument loop interconnections carried forward or backward to the next sheet
shall carry line continuation blocks.
Process lines not having a connection to a process vessel, equipment or other process line shall:
Figure of 8 spectacle blinds shall be shown on P&IDs at flanged locations dividing hydrotest
systems for permanent reference.
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