Documente Academic
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Course no. 1
1
Purpose of mooring
2
Design criteria of mooring configurations
Current
Waves
Swell
3
Example: Mooring of VLCC’s
Often moored outside the harbours along sea berths
Forces are so great that no winch is capable of bringing
the ship alongside
Tugs are always used when mooring and leaving berth
The only criteria is the holding force of the winches
The ship must be maintained in position related to the
shore manifold (chiksans)
4
Mooring winch with undivided drum
5
Mooring winches – Divided drum-polyprop
octopus
6
Chicksan
7
Chicksan
8
Different materials for ropes
Different configurations
All steel wire ropes (equipped or not equipped
with tails)
All ropes are synthetic
New materials
9
Steel wire rope + tail
Purpose of the tail is to add elasticity to account for
change in tidal heights
Mandal Shackle
11
Synthetic mooring
Biggest problem is elasticity
It can give an important « sway »
(balancer) to the ship (breaking out)
3 mooring ropes – different materials –
same length (50 m), MBL and load
Steel wire – 0.3m elongation
Polyprop – 5m elongation
Nylon – 8 m elongation
12
Synthetic mooring
Weight of the
mooring line
Tension in the line
13
Shallow Water Effects
14
Squat effect
15
Mixed mooring systems
Mix of wire ropes and synthetic ropes
16
New materials
Composite materials
17
Efficient mooring
The efficiency of a mooring rope depends on the
following factors
Length
Angles
• in the horizontal plane
• in the vertical plane
18
Function of the different ropes
Head- and stern lines & the springs are stabilising the
ship alongside
19
Recommendations
The function of springs and breast lines is clear.
Springs are preventing longitudinal movement, while
20
The ideal configuration will rarely be achieved.
21
Following recommendations have been
published by the OCIMF = Oil Company
International Maritime Forum
22
Recommendations based on OCIMF – Effective
mooring
23
Mooring Dolphin
24
Recommendations based on OCIMF – Effective
mooring
25
Springs & Breasts
26
Recommendations based on OCIMF – Effective
mooring
28
Recommendations based on OCIMF – Effective
mooring
29
Recommendations based on OCIMF – Effective
mooring
30
Short breast lines
31
Recommendations based on OCIMF – Effective
mooring
32
Recommendations based on OCIMF – Effective
mooring
35
Mooring configurations
bulk carriers
36
Recommendations based on OCIMF – Effective
mooring
37
Mooring of ship -
TVS 1ste kan 38
Deck fittings
OCIMF equipment:
Panama
hawse- hole Pedestal
Fairleads
(Chaumard)
Info
Suez & Panama Canal
41
Suez Canal
Total length is 190.25 km
Water surface width is 280.345 m
Width between the buoys is 195.215 m
Canal depth is 22.5 m
Maximum ship draught allowed is 62ft
Speed allowed for loaded carriers is 13 km/h
Speed allowed for unloaded carriers is 14 km/h.
Average transit time is 14 hours
42
Suez Canal
Panama Canal
The Panama Canal is approximately 80 kilometers.
The Canal uses a system of locks
The locks function as water lifts: they raise ships from
sea level (the Pacific or the Atlantic) to the level of
Gatun Lake (26 meters above sea level)
44
Panama Canal
Each set of locks bears the name of the townsite where
it was built: Gatun (on the Atlantic side), and Pedro
Miguel and Miraflores (on the Pacific side).
The maximum dimensions of ships that can transit the
Canal are: 32.3 meters in beam; draft 12 meters in
Tropical Fresh Water; and 294.1 meters long
The narrowest portion of the Canal is Culebra Cut
45
Panama Canal
46
Gatun Lock
47
Gaillard
Cut
Pedro Miguel Locks
49
Mira Flores Locks
50
Smit Towing Bracket
51
Chocks and buttons
52
Bits and Bollards
53
Panama chocks
54
Roller Chocks
55
Roller Fairleads
56
Towing pads
57
Mooring alongside a classic berth (quay)
58
Mooring alongside
a classic berth
(quay)
59
Mooring alongside a T-berth
60
Mooring with 2 anchors
61
Ship to ship
62
SPM – Single Point Mooring Buoy
63
SPM - buoy
64
SPM - buoy
65
FPSO (floating production, storage and
offloading) – single point mooring
66
FSO (floating, storage and offloading) -
operations
67
STL – Submerged Turret Loading
68
STP – Submerged Turret Production
69
STP – Submerged Turret Production
70